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Since 2006, there has been a marked increase in the number of reports of severe and often fatal fungal skin infections in wild snakes in the eastern USA. The emerging condition, referred to as snake fungal disease (SFD), was initially documented in rattlesnakes, where the infections were believed to pose a risk to the viability of affected populations. The disease is caused by Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola, a fungus recently split from a complex of fungi long referred to as the Chrysosporium anamorph of Nannizziopsis vriesii (CANV). Here we review the current state of knowledge about O. ophiodiicola and SFD. In addition, we provide original findings which demonstrate that O. ophiodiicola is widely distributed in eastern North America, has a broad host range, is the predominant cause of fungal skin infections in wild snakes and often causes mild infections in snakes emerging from hibernation. This new information, together with what is already available in the scientific literature, advances our knowledge of the cause, pathogenesis and ecology of SFD. However, additional research is necessary to elucidate the factors driving the emergence of this disease and develop strategies to mitigate its impacts. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Tackling emerging fungal threats to animal health, food security and ecosystem resilience’.

Since 2006, there has been a marked increase in the number of reports of severe and often fatal fungal skin infections in wild snakes in the eastern USA. The emerging condition, referred to as snake fungal disease (SFD), was initially documented in rattlesnakes, where the infections were believed to pose a risk to the viability of affected populations. The disease is caused by Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola, a fungus recently split from a complex of fungi long referred to as the Chrysosporium anamorph of Nannizziopsis vriesii (CANV). Here we review the current state of knowledge about O. ophiodiicola and SFD. In addition, we provide original findings which demonstrate that O. ophiodiicola is widely distributed in eastern North America, has a broad host range, is the predominant cause of fungal skin infections in wild snakes and often causes mild infections in snakes emerging from hibernation. This new information, together with what is already available in the scientific literature, advances our knowledge of the cause, pathogenesis and ecology of SFD. However, additional research is necessary to elucidate the factors driving the emergence of this disease and develop strategies to mitigate its impacts. This article is part of the themed issue 'Tackling emerging fungal threats to animal health, food security and ecosystem resilience'.

RANCHO CUCAMONGA >> Col. Ralph Smith, 82, was surprised when San Bernardino County sheriff's Deputy Daniel Lopez called him Saturday at his Moreno Valley home. Sawyer, who is on felony probation and is subject to search, was reportedly driving without a valid driver's license, so Lopez opted to search the car, according to a sheriff's news release. Tuskegee Airmen Inc. is a foundation created for \"honoring the accomplishments and perpetuating the history of African-Americans who...

Later, the SWAT team deployed two flashbangs and continued calling out to Carillo, saying \"the house is surrounded,\" \"we are not going away\" and \"Jose, let's end this peacefully.\"

Police learned of the incident about 1 p.m. Friday, when a victim called 911 from inside an unspecified bank, [Eileen Hards] said. The victim told police two suspects kidnapped him from a residence in the 100 block of Giovanola Avenue, drove him to the bank and forced him to withdraw money - yet the suspects waited outside the bank, giving the victim a chance to call police.