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مناشدة الحلم الفني
يتناول كتاب (مناشدة الحلم الفني) والذي قام بتأليفه (يوان مو، وانغ ويمينغ، بنغ بوه) في حوالي (56، 76) صفحة من القطع المتوسط موضوع (الفنون في الصين ودراسة وتعليم اللغة الصينية) مستعرضا ما يحويه الكتاب من موضوع سطع وهج النفوذ الصيني على الصعيد الدولي، وبات كثير من الناس يرغب في التعرف إلى الصين وإلى حياة شعبها اليومية، ومع انتشار معاهد كونفوشيوس في شتى أرجاء المعمورة، ازداد عدد الطالب وال سيما الصغار الذين يرغبون بتعلم اللغة الصينية.
Book
In the name of achievement: women’s fitness body in an era of ‘positivity
The fitness body ideal, disseminated through the culture of fitspiration on social media, is frequently framed as a symbol of health, empowerment, and self-discipline. However, its implications warrant critical scrutiny due to its deep entanglement with body dissatisfaction and psychological distress. Unlike the thin ideal, historically linked to patriarchal oppression through Michel Foucault’s concept of the disciplinary society, the fit ideal introduces a more complex paradox. It simultaneously embodies elements of self-sexualisation and objectification while intertwining ostensibly positive discourses of strength, agency, and self-care with hidden mechanisms of control. This theoretical analysis explores how the fit ideal extends beyond the disciplinary mechanisms of the thin ideal, occupying a dual role that merges empowerment narratives with the pressures of self-optimisation. Through Byung-Chul Han’s conceptualisations of the
achievement society
and
psychopolitics
, this paper examines how the ideal of self-improvement fosters self-surveillance, body dissatisfaction, and self-exploitation. The neoliberal logic of self-optimisation, embedded in fitness culture, constructs the body as an ongoing project of enhancement, where failure to maintain the fit ideal becomes an internalised moral shortcoming. This relentless pursuit of bodily perfection may lead to cycles of exhaustion, anxiety, and, ultimately, burnout, as individuals strive to meet ever-escalating standards of self-discipline and productivity. Reclaiming the female body and embodied experiences necessitates a critical interrogation of these ideals and their intersections with neoliberal selfhood, consumer culture, and the commodification of feminism. By interrogating the power dynamics that sustain these ideals, this analysis offers a nuanced understanding of how contemporary fitness culture simultaneously engages feminist empowerment discourses while reinforcing the relentless pursuit of self-optimisation in the 21st century. Recognising and challenging these structures is essential to disrupting the insidious forms of control that masquerade as agency and empowerment.
Journal Article
Puffy Venuses: The Mass–Radius Impact of Carbon-rich Atmospheres on Lava Worlds
The recent advancements in exoplanet observations enable the potential detection of exo-Venuses, rocky planets with carbon-rich atmospheres. How extended these atmospheres can be, given high carbon abundances, has not been studied. To answer this, we present a model for a theoretical class of exoplanets—puffy Venuses—characterized by thick, carbon-dominated atmospheres in equilibrium with global magma oceans (MOs). Our model accounts for carbon and hydrogen partition between the atmosphere and the MO, as well as the C–H–O equilibrium chemistry throughout a semi-gray, radiative-convective atmosphere. We find that radius inflation by puffy Venus atmospheres is significant on small and irradiated planets: carbon content of 1200 ppm (or that of ordinary chondrites) can generate an atmosphere of ∼0.16–0.3 R ⊕ for an Earth-mass planet with equilibrium temperatures of 1500–2000 K. We identify TOI-561 b as an especially promising puffy Venus candidate, whose underdensity could be attributed to a thick C-rich atmosphere. We also advocate for a puffy Venus interpretation of 55 Cancri e, where a recent JWST observation indicates the presence of a CO/CO2 atmosphere. Puffy Venuses may thus constitute a testable alternative interpretation for the interior structure of underdense low-mass exoplanets.
Journal Article
Machine learning-enabled constrained multi-objective design of architected materials
Architected materials that consist of multiple subelements arranged in particular orders can demonstrate a much broader range of properties than their constituent materials. However, the rational design of these materials generally relies on experts’ prior knowledge and requires painstaking effort. Here, we present a data-efficient method for the high-dimensional multi-property optimization of 3D-printed architected materials utilizing a machine learning (ML) cycle consisting of the finite element method (FEM) and 3D neural networks. Specifically, we apply our method to orthopedic implant design. Compared to uniform designs, our experience-free method designs microscale heterogeneous architectures with a biocompatible elastic modulus and higher strength. Furthermore, inspired by the knowledge learned from the neural networks, we develop machine-human synergy, adapting the ML-designed architecture to fix a macroscale, irregularly shaped animal bone defect. Such adaptation exhibits 20% higher experimental load-bearing capacity than the uniform design. Thus, our method provides a data-efficient paradigm for the fast and intelligent design of architected materials with tailored mechanical, physical, and chemical properties.
Architected materials can have enhanced properties compared to bulk but are difficult to design. Here the authors propose a machine-learning-based pipeline to design architected materials with predetermined elastic modulus and enhanced yield strength and test it in additive manufacturing.
Journal Article
Association between rural-to-urban migrants’ social medical insurance, social integration and their medical return in China: a nationally representative cross-sectional data analysis
Background
Without social medical insurance in the destination areas and with low social integration, rural-to-urban migrants had barriers to health service in the destination areas, some of the migrants had to seek health service in hometown, namely medical return. This study aimed at exploring the association between rural-to-urban migrants’ medical return and social medical insurance type or social integration.
Methods
We analysed a secondary cross-sectional data of the 2014 National Internal Migrant Dynamic Monitoring Survey collected in May of 2014 from all provinces or regions in mainland China. The medical return was measured by the location of hospitalisation, and the social integration included economic integration and permanent settlement intention.
Results
Four thousand eighteen rural-to-urban migrants living in current residence at least one year and used inpatient service within the last 12 months were analysed. The rate of medical return for inpatient service was 15.3%. Having medical insurance of hometown (new rural cooperative medical scheme (NRCMS)) (OR = 2.44, 95%CIs 1.80–3.30) was positively related to the medical return. The permanent settlement intention was negatively associated with the medical return (OR = 0.66, 95%CIs 0.48–0.90).
Conclusions
Social medical insurance of hometown (NRCMS) was positively associated with the medical return, while the permanent settlement intention was negatively associated with it. Promoting the transfer of migrants’ social medical insurance across different regions might be helpful to improve rural-to-urban migrants’ health access.
Journal Article
Sulfur-doping tunes p-d orbital coupling over asymmetric Zn-Sn dual-atom for boosting CO2 electroreduction to formate
The interaction of
p-d
orbitals at bimetallic sites plays a crucial role in determining the catalytic reactivity, which facilitates the modulation of charges and enhances the efficiency of CO
2
electroreduction process. Here, we show a ligand co-etching approach to create asymmetric Zn-Sn dual-atom sites (DASs) within metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived yolk-shell carbon frameworks (named Zn
1
Sn
1
/SNC). The DASs comprise one Sn center (
p
-block) partially doped with sulfur and one Zn center (
d
-block) with N coordination, facilitating the coupling of
p-d
orbitals between the Zn-Sn dimer. The N-Zn-Sn-S/N arrangement displays an asymmetric distribution of charges and atoms, leading to a stable adsorption configuration of HCOO* intermediates. In H-type cell, Zn
1
Sn
1
/SNC exhibits an impressive formate Faraday efficiency of 94.6% at -0.84 V. In flow cell, the asymmetric electronic architecture of Zn
1
Sn
1
/SNC facilitates high accessibility, leading to a high current density of -315.2 mA cm
-2
at -0.90 V. Theoretical calculations show the asymmetric sites in Zn
1
Sn
1
/SNC with ideal adsorption affinity lower the CO
2
reduction barrier, thus improve the overall efficiency of CO
2
reduction.
The electrocatalytic reduction of CO
2
to high-value products through local coordination environment regulation of metal centers is important. Here, the authors demonstrate an asymmetric Zn-Sn dual atom sites catalyst with d-p orbital hybridization thereby achieving high formate selectivity.
Journal Article
Regional Economy Using Hybrid Sequence-to-Sequence-Based Deep Learning Approach
In recent times, the role of the regional economy changed significantly under certain conditions of globalization and structural adjustment. The process of changing must be crucial to analyse regional economy and develop the planning of regional economy. Developing economies depend often on industries and country policies. Modern studies tend to participate in important factors in this field such as energy intensity, labour skills, local industries, resources, and local expertise. Furthermore, in this study, to start developing the regional economy and make the revolution in this field to connect it with new technology, we train the deep learning algorithm of gathering factors to manage them perfectly and make a good prediction for the future economy. Hybrid sequence to sequence (seq2seq) algorithms of deep learning fed with previous information from past years and run the system to compare the predicted result data with current information to evaluate the method to be certified for the coming years.
Journal Article
Multi-Gas Detection System Based on Non-Dispersive Infrared (NDIR) Spectral Technology
Automobile exhaust gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and propane (C3H8), cause the greenhouse effect, photochemical smog, and haze, threatening the urban atmosphere and human health. In this study, a non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) multi-gas detection system consisting of a single broadband light source, gas cell, and four-channel pyroelectric detector was developed. The system can be used to economically detect gas concentration in the range of 0–5000 ppm for C3H8, 0–14% for CO, and 0–20% for CO2. According to the experimental data, the concentration inversion model was established using the least squares between the voltage ratio and the concentration. Additionally, the interference coefficient between different gases was tested. Therefore, the interference models between the three gases were established by the least square method. The concentration inversion model was experimentally verified, and it was observed that the full-scale error of the sensor changed less than 3.5%, the detection repeatability error was lower than 4.5%, and the detection stability was less than 2.7%. Therefore, the detection system is economical and energy efficient and it is a promising method for the analysis of automobile exhaust gases.
Journal Article
Phonons as a platform for non-Abelian braiding and its manifestation in layered silicates
Topological phases of matter have revolutionised the fundamental understanding of band theory and hold great promise for next-generation technologies such as low-power electronics or quantum computers. Single-gap topologies have been extensively explored, and a large number of materials have been theoretically proposed and experimentally observed. These ideas have recently been extended to multi-gap topologies with band nodes that carry non-Abelian charges, characterised by invariants that arise by the momentum space braiding of such nodes. However, the constraints placed by the Fermi-Dirac distribution to electronic systems have so far prevented the experimental observation of multi-gap topologies in real materials. Here, we show that multi-gap topologies and the accompanying phase transitions driven by braiding processes can be readily observed in the bosonic phonon spectra of known monolayer silicates. The associated braiding process can be controlled by means of an electric field and epitaxial strain, and involves, for the first time, more than three bands. Finally, we propose that the band inversion processes at the Γ point can be tracked by following the evolution of the Raman spectrum, providing a clear signature for the experimental verification of the band inversion accompanied by the braiding process.
Multi-gap topology is a new avenue in topological phases of matter but it remains difficult to verify in real materials. Here, the authors predict multi-gap topologies and associated phase transitions driven by braiding processes in the phonon spectra of monolayer silicates, providing clear signatures for experimental verification.
Journal Article
Succinate and inosine coordinate innate immune response to bacterial infection
Macrophages restrict bacterial infection partly by stimulating phagocytosis and partly by stimulating release of cytokines and complement components. Here, we treat macrophages with LPS and a bacterial pathogen, and demonstrate that expression of cytokine IL-1β and bacterial phagocytosis increase to a transient peak 8 to 12 h post-treatment, while expression of complement component 3 (C3) continues to rise for 24 h post-treatment. Metabolomic analysis suggests a correlation between the cellular concentrations of succinate and IL-1β and of inosine and C3. This may involve a regulatory feedback mechanism, whereby succinate stimulates and inosine inhibits HIF-1α through their competitive interactions with prolyl hydroxylase. Furthermore, increased level of inosine in LPS-stimulated macrophages is linked to accumulation of adenosine monophosphate and that exogenous inosine improves the survival of bacterial pathogen-infected mice and tilapia. The implications of these data suggests potential therapeutic tools to prevent, manage or treat bacterial infections.
Journal Article