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Faces of the moon
Describes the moon's phases as it orbits the Earth every twenty-nine days using rhyming text and cut-outs that illustrate each phase.
Book
Just Sustainabilities
Environmental activists and academics alike are realizing that a sustainable society must be a just one. Environmental degradation is almost always linked to questions of human equality and quality of life. Throughout the world, those segments of the population that have the least political power and are the most marginalized are selectively victimized by environmental crises. This book argues that social and environmental justice within and between nations should be an integral part of the policies and agreements that promote sustainable development. The book addresses the links between environmental quality and human equality and between sustainability and environmental justice.
eBook
\Twain Scholar Shoves Twain Impersonator Off Stage\ Not
Most readers of the Mark Twain Journal know and admire Alan Gribben as an important figure in Twain studies-author of a monumental twovolume (and recently updated and republished) annotated catalog of Twain's reading, Mark Twain Literary Resources; author and/or editor of various books dealing with Twain; author of numerous essays about Twain; past editor of the Mark Twain Journal itself; and so on. [...]one of the very best students I have ever encountered told me that when he first converted from studying business to becoming an English major, he would often come home from school and tell his mother, Mom, I could listen to Dr. Gribben teach all day. When Alan discovered-from his own experience and from listening to all the high school teachers with whom he interacted-that many African American students were deeply hurt or troubled by Twain's idiomatic use of the \"N-word\" in Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer, he did what Alan always does: he looked for a solution rather than simply lamenting an unfortunate situation. Not only did he often teach summer courses and donate the money to the department, he often rejected chances to teach upper-level courses so that younger colleagues could offer their own courses when decisions had to be made about which classes would \"make.\"
Journal Article
Greener Operations: a James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership to define research priorities in environmentally sustainable perioperative practice through a structured consensus approach
ObjectivesTo agree on the ‘top 10’ research priorities for environmentally sustainable perioperative practice.DesignSurveys and literature review; final consensus workshop using a nominal group technique.SettingUK-based setting.ParticipantsHealthcare professionals, patients, carers and the public.Outcome measuresInitial survey—suggested research questions; interim survey—shortlist of ‘indicative’ questions (the 20 most frequently nominated by patients, carers and the public, and healthcare professionals); final workshop—ranked research priorities.ResultsInitial survey—1926 suggestions by 296 respondents, refined into 60 indicative questions. Interim survey—325 respondents. Final workshop—21 participants agreed the ‘top 10’: (1) How can more sustainable reusable equipment safely be used during and around the time of an operation? (2) How can healthcare organisations more sustainably procure (obtain) medicines, equipment and items used during and around the time of an operation? (3) How can healthcare professionals who deliver care during and around the time of an operation be encouraged to adopt sustainable actions in practice? (4) Can more efficient use of operating theatres and associated practices reduce the environmental impact of operations? (5) How can the amount of waste generated during and around the time of an operation be minimised? (6) How do we measure and compare the short-term and long-term environmental impacts of surgical and non-surgical treatments for the same condition? (7) What is the environmental impact of different anaesthetic techniques (eg, different types of general, regional and local anaesthesia) used for the same operation? (8) How should the environmental impact of an operation be weighed against its clinical outcomes and financial costs? (9) How can environmental sustainability be incorporated into the organisational management of operating theatres? (10) What are the most sustainable forms of effective infection prevention and control used around the time of an operation (eg, personal protective equipment, drapes, clean air ventilation)?ConclusionsA broad range of ‘end-users’ have identified research priorities for sustainable perioperative care.
Journal Article
Governing Sustainable Cities
Urban governance and sustainability are rapidly becoming key issues around the world. Currently three billion people - half the population of the planet - live in cities, and by 2050 a full two-thirds of the world's population will be housed in ever larger and increasingly densely populated urban areas. The economic, social and environmental challenges posed by urbanization on such a large scale and at such a rapid pace are staggering for local, regional and national governments working towards sustainability.
Solutions to the myriad problems plaguing the quest for sustainability at the city-level are equally as diverse and complex, but are rooted in the assumptions of the 'sustainability agenda', developed at the Rio Earth Summit and embodied in Local Agenda/Action 21. These assumptions state that good governance is a necessary precondition for the achievement of sustainable development, particularly at the local level, and that the mobilization of local communities is an essential part of this process. Yet until now, these assumptions, which have guided the policies and programmes of over 6000 local authorities around the world, have never been seriously tested.
Drawing on three years of field research in 40 European towns and cities, Governing for Sustainable Cities is the first book to examine empirically the processes of urban governance in sustainable development. Looking at a host of core issues including institutional and social capacity, institutional design, social equity, politics, partnerships and cooperation and creative policy-making, the authors draw compelling conclusions and offer strong guidance. This book is essential reading for policy-makers, politicians, activists and NGOs, planners, researchers and academics, whether in Europe, North America, Australasia or transitional and developing countries, concerned with advancing sustainability in our rapidly urbanizing world.
eBook
Town planning into the 21st century
Examining the current position of planning and its likely development, leading experts outline the changing context for land use and environmental policy in Britain, in particular the reasons why existing processes could prove unsatisfactory.
eBook
Town Planning into the 21st Century
Provides a series of insights into the planning process, introduces the key issues currently facing planning and offers prescriptions for the changes required as we move into the next millenium. Leading experts outline the changing context for land use and environmental policy in Britain and explain why the existing processes and profession of town planning are likely to be unable to provide satisfactory policy responses in the future. Key themes debated include: * widening the remit of traditional town planning * giving land and buildings a community value * acting for people rather than simply for the market * promoting an equalization of environmental conditions and discouragement of motorization * the need to anticipate long term global trends at the local and national level. Contributors: Andrew Blowers, Bob Colenutt, Richard Cowell, Bob Evans, Cliff Hague, Peter Hall, Susan Owens, Eric Reade, Yvonne Rydin.
eBook
'Just sustainability': the emerging discourse of environmental justice in Britain?
Environmental justice is both a vocabulary for political opportunity, mobilization and action, and a policy principle to guide public decision making. It emerged initially in the US, and more recently in the UK, as a new vocabulary underpinning action by community organizations campaigning against environmental injustices. However, as the environmental justice discourse has matured, it has become increasingly evident that it should play a role in the wider agendas for sustainable development and social inclusion. The links between sustainability and environmental justice are becoming clearer and more widely understood in the UK by NGOs and government alike, and it is the potential synergy between these two discourses which is the focus of this paper. This paper argues that the concept of 'just sustainability' provides a discourse for policymakers and activists, which brings together the key dimensions of both environmental justice and sustainable development.
Journal Article
Study protocol for a national observational cohort investigating frailty, delirium and multimorbidity in older surgical patients: the third Sprint National Anaesthesia Project (SNAP 3)
Older surgical patients are more likely to be living with frailty and multimorbidity and experience postoperative complications. The management of these conditions in the perioperative pathway is evolving. In order to support objective decision-making for patients, services and national guidance, accurate, contemporary data are needed to describe the impact and associations between frailty, multimorbidity and healthcare processes with patient and service-level outcomes.
The study is comprised of an observational cohort study of approximately 7500 patients; an organisational survey of perioperative services and a clinician survey of the unplanned, medical workload generated from older surgical patients. The cohort will consist of patients who are 60 years and older, undergoing a surgical procedure during a 5-day recruitment period in participating UK hospitals. Participants will be assessed for baseline frailty and multimorbidity; postoperative morbidity including delirium; and quality of life. Data linkage will provide additional details about individuals, their admission and mortality.The study's primary outcome is length of stay, other outcome measures include incidence of postoperative morbidity and delirium; readmission, mortality and quality of life. The cohort's incidence of frailty, multimorbidity and delirium will be estimated using 95% CIs. Their relationships with outcome measures will be examined using unadjusted and adjusted multilevel regression analyses. Choice of covariates in the adjusted models will be prespecified, based on directed acyclic graphs.A parallel study is planned to take place in Australia in 2022.
The study has received approval from the Scotland A Research Ethics Committee and Wales Research Ethics Committee 7.This work hopes to influence the development of services and guidelines. We will publish our findings in peer-reviewed journals and provide summary documents to our participants, sites, healthcare policy-makers and the public.
ISRCTN67043129.
Journal Article
Spatial Variability of Turbulent Fluxes in the Roughness Sublayer of an Even-Aged Pine Forest
The spatial variability of turbulent flow statistics in the roughness sublayer (RSL) of a uniform even-aged 14 m (= h) tall loblolly pine forest was investigated experimentally. Using seven existing walkup towers at this stand, high frequency velocity, temperature, water vapour and carbon dioxide concentrations were measured at 15.5 m above the ground surface from October 6 to 10 in 1997. These seven towers were separated by at least 100m from each other. The objective of this study was to examine whether single tower turbulence statistics measurements represent the flow properties of RSL turbulence above a uniform even-aged managed loblolly pine forest as a best-case scenario for natural forested ecosystems. From the intensive space-time series measurements, it was demonstrated that standard deviations of longitudinal and vertical velocities (σ^sub u^, σ^sub w^) and temperature (σ^sub T^) are more planar homogeneous than their vertical flux of momentum (u^sub *^^sup 2^) and sensible heat (H) counterparts. Also, the measured H is more horizontally homogeneous when compared to fluxes of other scalar entities such as CO^sub 2^ and water vapour. While the spatial variability in fluxes was significant (>15 %), this unique data set confirmed that single tower measurements represent the 'canonical' structure of single-point RSL turbulence statistics, especially flux-variance relationships. Implications to extending the 'moving-equilibrium' hypothesis for RSL flows are discussed. The spatial variability in all RSL flow variables was not constant in time and varied strongly with spatially averaged friction velocity u^sub *^, especially when u^sub *^ was small. It is shown that flow properties derived from two-point temporal statistics such as correlation functions are more sensitive to local variability in leaf area density when compared to single point flow statistics. Specifically, that the local relationship between the reciprocal of the vertical velocity integral time scale (I^sub w^) and the arrival frequency of organized structures (u/h) predicted from a mixing-layer theory exhibited dependence on the local leaf area index. The broader implications of these findings to the measurement and modelling of RSL flows are also discussed.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Journal Article