Explore the vast range of titles available.

BackgroundThe study was part of community-based research towards strengthening the provision of optical services within a local governmental area in Nigeria.AimTo describe the prevalence of refractive errors in the southwestern Nigerian adult population.SettingAdults of age 30 years and above who were regular residents of the local governmental area.MethodsA multistage stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select the subjects. The sampling unit was the different households. A random sample of them were refracted and then refractive errors were analysed. Analyses excluded participants with history of cataract surgery. Associations with myopia (−0.50 dioptres [D] or more) and hyperopia (≥ 0.50 D) were evaluated in logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe prevalence of refractive error in the study sample was 33.8% (95% confidence level [CI]: 27.1–34.4) using study participants with < 6/9 presenting visual acuity but improvement by at least a line with pin hole. The prevalence of hyperopia was 46.9% and higher in women (51.8%), while that of myopia was 21.9% but higher in men (25.0%). The prevalence of hyperopia increased from 29% for 40–49 years of age to 65% for 50–59 years of age and tended to decline thereafter. Prevalence of myopia decreased from 17% in persons 40–49 years of age to 11% in those 50–59 years of age but increased after 60 years of age. A higher prevalence of myopia was positively associated (p < 0.05) with lifetime occupations requiring near work, nuclear opacities, posterior subcapsular opacities and glaucoma. Factors associated with hyperopia were the same as for myopia, except for occupation, and in the opposite direction.ConclusionThe high prevalence of refractive errors strongly supports the need for an affordable and accessible optical service in the local government.

ObjectivesRetinopathy of prematurity (ROP) will become a major cause of blindness in Nigerian children unless screening and treatment services expand. This article aims to describe the collaborative activities undertaken to improve services for ROP between 2017 and 2020 as well as the outcome of these activities in Nigeria.DesignDescriptive case study.SettingNeonatal intensive care units in Nigeria.ParticipantsStaff providing services for ROP, and 723 preterm infants screened for ROP who fulfilled screening criteria (gestational age <34 weeks or birth weight ≤2000 g, or sickness criteria).Methods and analysisA WhatsApp group was initiated for Nigerian ophthalmologists and neonatologists in 2018. Members participated in a range of capacity-building, national and international collaborative activities between 2017 and 2018. A national protocol for ROP was developed for Nigeria and adopted in 2018; 1 year screening outcome data were collected and analysed. In 2019, an esurvey was used to collect service data from WhatsApp group members for 2017–2018 and to assess challenges in service provision.ResultsIn 2017 only six of the 84 public neonatal units in Nigeria provided ROP services; this number had increased to 20 by 2018. Of the 723 babies screened in 10 units over a year, 127 (17.6%) developed any ROP; and 29 (22.8%) developed type 1 ROP. Only 13 (44.8%) babies were treated, most by intravitreal bevacizumab. The screening criteria were revised in 2020. Challenges included lack of equipment to regulate oxygen and to document and treat ROP, and lack of data systems.ConclusionROP screening coverage and quality improved after national and international collaborative efforts. To scale up and improve services, equipment for neonatal care and ROP treatment is urgently needed, as well as systems to monitor data. Ongoing advocacy is also essential.

Background: Ocular dimensions are important in the refractive status of the eye. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of age and gender on ocular axial dimensions of emmetropic Nigerian Children. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study of 468 children from selected pre-nursery, nursery and primary schools with normal visual acuity were recruited into the study. Lens thickness (LT), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and vitreous chamber depth (VCD) were measured using a B-mode CLEA Vue 550 PHILLIP ultrasound Machine 2013 model, with a 4-12 MHz linear transducer. Results were entered into the personal computer and analysed using the SPSS statistical package version 21. Results: There were 235 boys (50.2%) and 233 girls (49.8%) with a ratio of 1.01: 1. Mean age for the study participants as a whole, 8.81 ± 3.81 years. The mean ACD, LT, and VCD were 3.6 mm, 3.7 mm and 17.5 mm in the RE and 3.7 mm, 3.8 mm and 24.8 mm in the LE. Only LT showed a significant difference between the sexes in both eyes. All ocular dimensions increased with age with the exception of ACD in the left eye. Conclusion: Of all the ocular dimensions, only LT showed the effect of gender, but no effect of age and age groups, particularly on the left eye.

Objective This study aims at determining why fathers do not follow their children to the clinic or hospital and exploring the factors that will promote father’s participation in healthcare of their children. Design Descriptive cross-sectional study. Setting Community (Sagamu township of Sagamu Local Government Area of Ogun State {LGA}, Nigeria). Participants All fathers ≥ 18 years that have ever had children, selected from 3 wards in Sagamu township of Sagamu LGA. Results A total of 416 fathers participated in the study. The mean age of participants was 42.0 ± 12.7 years. Forty-four-point five percent (44.5%) had secondary education, while 36.6% were unskilled workers. Forty-two-point three percent (42.3%) said it is a woman’s job to take children to the hospital, while about half of the respondents said following a child to the hospital is time-consuming. About 2/3rd of the participants said waiting time in the hospital is too long, while 53.6% will rather go in search of money than go with a child to the hospital. Thirty-nine-point nine percent will need paternity leave to be more involved. Conclusion The major individual factors influencing father’s involvement in the healthcare of their children in this study are semi-skilled occupation, marital status, and work schedule. Majority do not think paternity leave is required before fathers can be involved in the healthcare of their children. Intensive health education by healthcare practitioners will improve male participation in children’s health.

Background: The management of dirty abdominal wounds has remained a challenge to surgeons because of the associated complications. Objective: This study was undertaken to determine the outcome of primary closure of dirty abdominal wounds in children. Design: A retrospective study (between 1st January, 2006 and 5th May, 2009) on the outcome of the primary closure of dirty abdominal wounds in children. Setting: Paediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu. Materials and Methods: Cases of dirty abdominal wounds managed during the study period were retrieved from the medical records. Information regarding the age, sex, diagnosis, treatment, type of abdominal wound closure, duration of stay in hospital, complications arising from the abdominal wounds, and outcome was obtained and documented. Results: A total of 120 cases of dirty abdominal wound were managed during the study period. However, 90 case notes were retrieved and further evaluated for the proposed study. The age range of the patients studied was 2 months to 14 years. Males were 48 (53.3%), while females were 42 (46.7%). All the cases were acute abdominal emergencies. Differential diagnosis of dirty abdominal wounds managed during the study period are ruptured appendicitis/appendiceal abscess 30 (33.3%), intussusception 19 (21.1%), strangulated inguinoscrotal hernia 16 (17.8%), typhoid ileal perforation 14 (15.6%), and abdominal injuries 11 (12.2%). Healing without complications was seen in 70 (77.8%) patients, while complications occurred in 20 (22.2%) patients. The complications that occurred were wound infections 17 (68%), wound dehiscence 3 (12%), incisional hernia 3 (12%), enterocutaneous fistula 2 (8%), and duration of hospitalization 7-55 days and mortality of 4 (4.4%) was recorded.

Background: Glaucoma is the leading cause of untreatable blindness throughout the world, and it is commoner in the black race; therefore, primary health care givers should have some knowledge of glaucoma. The aim of this study is to determine the knowledge of primary health care givers about glaucoma in Sagamu Local Government area of Ogun State. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study of primary care givers in Sagamu, Ogun Sate was carried out between March and May 2010. A structured, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on the awareness and knowledge of glaucoma from all registered primary health care givers working in Sagamu, Ogun State. The data was analyzed using SPSS 15. Results: One hundred and eighty-one workers responded (97.8%). There were 124 females (68.5%). Age range was 25 to 64 years, mean 41.2 8.7 years. There were 68 (37.5%) physicians, 95 (52.5%) nurses, and 18 (10%) other workers. Ninety-seven percent of the workers were aware of glaucoma. Seventy-seven (42.5%) had good knowledge of glaucoma, while 104 (57.5%) had poor knowledge. Physicians were seven times more likely to know about glaucoma than nurses, while nurses were 4 times more likely to know about glaucoma than other community health workers, and these were statistically significant P <.0001. Younger age group between 25 and 34 years was 2.3 times likely to know of glaucoma than middle-aged. Conclusions: Though awareness of glaucoma was high, knowledge about glaucoma was, however, low among the study population. There is a need to sensitize all cadres of health staff, particularly the community health workers about glaucoma.

Background : Eye disorders extol great impact on the quality of life and mental health of individuals, thus constitute a public health concern. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and sociodemographic characteristics of psychological problems among patients with eye disorders in a major eye clinic in southwest Nigeria. Materials and Methods : It was a cross-sectional survey. Consecutive patients attending the clinic over a period of 6 weeks were administered questionnaire with sections on demographic and clinical characteristics, General Health Questionnaire and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale to assess psychological morbidity, anxiety, and depressive disorders. Results : One hundred and forty-seven respondents consisting of 51.7% female took part in the study. Glaucoma (28.6%) was the most frequent diagnosis. About a fifth (19.7%) of the respondents had psychological morbidity, while 15 and 14.3% of the respondents screened positive for anxiety disorder and depression respectively. More than half of the respondents (54.4%) had poor visual acuity. There was no statistical difference between the respondents who were visually impaired compared with those that were not as far as psychological morbidity (P = 0.93), anxiety (P = 0.99), and depression (P = 0.22) are concern. Respondents with comorbid conditions were significantly more likely to have psychological morbidity (P = 0.05) and anxiety disorders (P = 0.02) compared with those without comorbidity. Conclusion : There is high prevalence of psychological disorders among ophthalmic patients with or without visual impairment. Thus, assessment for psychological distress and other emotional disorders such as anxiety and depression among patients presenting with eye disorders is very important.