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Limited research exists on COVID-19 associated brain fog, and on the long-term cognitive and psychiatric sequelae in racially and ethnically diverse patients. We characterize the neuropsychological sequelae of post-acute COVID-19 in a diverse cohort and investigate whether COVID-19 clinical severity remains associated with brain fog and cognitive deficits approximately 2 years post infection. A cross-sectional study of patients with a history of COVID-19 hospitalization (March-September 2020). COVID-19 clinical severity was indexed using the National Early Warning Score 2 and a comprehensive neuropsychological tele-battery was administered 2 years post discharge. Pearson's r correlations assessed association, while independent sample t-tests examined group differences. Significant outcomes were further analyzed using multiple regression and ANCOVAs, adjusting for key covariates. In 41 adult patients (19 female, 30 Hispanic, 13 Black, mean age of 65 (SD = 15), COVID-19 level of severity was associated with greater number of endorsed brain fog symptoms (Pearson's r = .34, 95% CI [.04, .59]), worse overall cognitive functioning (global cognition: r = -.36, 95% CI [-.61, -.05]) and reduced performance on an attention and working memory task (digit span backwards: r = -.41, 95% CI [-.66, -.09]) at 2-year follow-up. Brain fog symptoms most associated with COVID-19 severity included difficulty focusing (r = .46, 95% CI [.18, .67]), detached (r = .41, 95% CI [.12, .64]) and feeling sleepy (r = .40, 95% CI [.11, .63]). Patients' cognitive performance was generally below average (global cognition z-score: M = -.96, SD = .66), with group differences based on sex and ethnicity evidenced on individual cognitive tests. This study emphasizes the importance of continued research on the long-term effects of COVID-19 infection on neuropsychological outcomes, particularly among underrepresented, health-disparate groups. Greater understanding of these associations could improve detection and treatment of those at increased risk of cognitive decline or impairment.

Patients with resected, EGFR -mutated, stage IB to IIIA NSCLC were randomly assigned to receive adjuvant osimertinib or placebo for 3 years. The 5-year overall survival was 88% with osimertinib and 78% with placebo.

Oleaginous yeasts have emerged as promising microbial cell factories for lipid production, offering sustainable alternatives to traditional sources of biodiesel and nutraceuticals. In this study, the lipid accumulation potential of yeast strains isolated from two freshwater aquatic ecosystems in Cali, Colombia, was evaluated to identify novel candidates for biotechnological applications. A total of 56 strains were tested for their oleaginous nature using a gravimetric lipid assay with glucose as a carbon source. Of the assessed strains, 46.15% exceeded 20% lipid yields relative to the dry biomass. Seven strains were selected using glycerol as a carbon source, but only five yeasts were further characterized for their lipid profiles. Molecular identification revealed diverse species, including Aureobasidium sp., Papiliotrema rajashtanensis, Rhodotorula spp., and Clavispora lusitaniae . The selected strains demonstrated unique lipid profiles, with high proportions of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic acid (C18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2). In particular, Aureobasidium sp. accumulated uncommon fatty acids such as petroselinic acid under conditions induced by glycerol. This fatty acid, which has a double bond in position 6,7 and a melting point of 33 °C, highlights its potential as an alternative to margarine production, as well as a precursor to sophorolipids, estolide esters, soaps, and plastics. Rhodotorula sp. exhibited very long-chain fatty acids such as docosadienoic and docosatrienoic acids in its lipid profile. These findings underscore the biotechnological value of yeasts from lentic aquatic systems as sustainable lipid producers, paving the way for innovations in biofuels, nutraceuticals, and oleochemicals.

Background Resting-state electroencephalography (rsEEG) is usually obtained to assess seizures in comatose patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). We aim to investigate rsEEG measures and their prediction of early recovery of consciousness in patients with TBI. Methods This is a retrospective study of comatose patients with TBI who were admitted to a trauma center (October 2013 to January 2022). Demographics, basic clinical data, imaging characteristics, and EEGs were collected. We calculated the following using 10-min rsEEGs: power spectral density, permutation entropy (complexity measure), weighted symbolic mutual information (wSMI, global information sharing measure), Kolmogorov complexity (Kolcom, complexity measure), and heart-evoked potentials (the averaged EEG signal relative to the corresponding QRS complex on electrocardiography). We evaluated the prediction of consciousness recovery before hospital discharge using clinical, imaging, and rsEEG data via a support vector machine. Results We studied 113 of 134 (84%) patients with rsEEGs. A total of 73 (65%) patients recovered consciousness before discharge. Patients who recovered consciousness were younger (40 vs. 50 years, p  = 0.01). Patients who recovered also had higher Kolcom ( U  = 1688, p  = 0.01), increased beta power ( U  = 1,652 p  = 0.003) with higher variability across channels ( U  = 1534, p  = 0.034) and epochs ( U  = 1711, p  = 0.004), lower delta power ( U  = 981, p  = 0.04), and higher connectivity across time and channels as measured by wSMI in the theta band ( U  = 1636, p  = 0.026; U  = 1639, p  = 0.024) than those who did not recover. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for rsEEG was higher than that for clinical data (using age, motor response, pupil reactivity) and higher than that for the Marshall computed tomography classification (0.69 vs. 0.66 vs. 0.56, respectively; p  < 0.001). Conclusions We describe the rsEEG signature in recovery of consciousness prior to discharge in comatose patients with TBI. rsEEG measures performed modestly better than the clinical and imaging data in predicting recovery.

Mangrove-associated fungi represent a diverse but understudied group of eukaryotic organisms, especially in the Neotropics. The Colombian Pacific region, with approximately 1300 km of coastline covered with 194,880 ha of mangrove forests that remain largely unexplored for macrofungal diversity, is recognized as a global biodiversity hotspot. This study aimed to catalog the macrofungi associated with mangrove ecosystems in Colombia, integrating morphological characterization and molecular phylogenetics, focusing on three Valle del Cauca Pacific coast localities. A total of 81 specimens were collected from both living trees and decaying wood. Detailed macroscopic and microscopic analyses were conducted, and DNA sequences from two ribosomal DNA barcode regions (ITS and LSU) were generated for 43 specimens. Three new species—Neohypochnicium manglarense, Phlebiopsis colombiana, and Porogramme bononiae—were documented. In addition, eight species were reported as new records for both Colombia and mangrove ecosystems, including Microporus affinis, Paramarasmius palmivorus, Phlebiopsis flavidoalba, Porogramme brasiliensis, Resinicium grandisporum, Trametes ellipsospora, T. menziesii, and T. polyzona. Although previously recorded in Colombian terrestrial ecosystems, Lentinus scleropus and Oudemansiella platensis are globally reported here for the first time from mangrove habitats. Furthermore, Fomitopsis nivosella and Punctularia strigosozonata were documented for the first time in Colombia. This study addresses the first exploration of mangrove-associated macrofungi in the country and provides new insights into the hidden fungal diversity and potential of mangrove ecosystems as a latent niche for basidiomycete dispersal along Colombia’s Pacific coast.

Phellinotus (Polyporales) is a common genus of wood-decay fungi in tropical and subtropical areas, endemic to the Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest (SDTF) biome. However, Phellinotus diversity remains unexplored, despite being a major threat to living trees. Therefore, this study is aimed at confirming and characterizing through morphological and molecular data the first isolates of Phellinotus teixeirae in Pithecellobium dulce (Fabaceae) trees (locally referred to as ‘Chiminango’) from the endangered Colombian SDTF biome. Fifteen fungal specimens were recovered from living P. dulce trees, in the urban area and at the Universidad del Valle campus, and classified as P. teixeirae based on taxonomical descriptors. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred from a four-loci dataset (ribosomal and gene-coding regions), including 82 taxa covering 3991 nucleotide positions. The analysis recovered seven highly supported (>90% bootstrapping) monophyletic taxa of the ‘Phellinotus Clade’, and confirmed the new distribution range of P. teixeirae (100% bootstrap support), which extends approx. 1000 km north in the Neotropics. Hierarchical stratified Analysis of MOlecular VAriance (AMOVA) provided a clear genetic distinction between species (70% of variation, p-value = 0.001) and low differentiation among country of origin within species (11%, p-value = 0.044). Discriminant Analysis for Principal Components (DAPC) indicated complex clustering including closely related species, probably a signal of recent radiation and weak species boundaries. Median-joining haplotype network analysis identified unique haplotypes, which may correlate with new host colonization and population expansion (Tajima’s D ≤ −0.5). In conclusion, this study provides the first assessment of the genetic diversity of P. teixeirae in a novel geography (SDTP) and host tree (P. dulce). However, increasing the number of isolates remains critical to understand further the genus’ distribution patterns and drivers of genetic diversity.

Background Prognostication of patients with acute disorders of consciousness is imprecise but more accurate technology-supported predictions, such as cognitive motor dissociation (CMD), are emerging. CMD refers to the detection of willful brain activation following motor commands using functional magnetic resonance imaging or machine learning–supported analysis of the electroencephalogram in clinically unresponsive patients. CMD is associated with long-term recovery, but acceptance by surrogates and health care professionals is uncertain. The objective of this study was to determine receptiveness for CMD to inform goals of care (GoC) decisions and research participation among health care professionals and surrogates of behaviorally unresponsive patients. Methods This was a two-center study of surrogates of and health care professionals caring for unconscious patients with severe neurological injury who were enrolled in two prospective US-based studies. Participants completed a 13-item survey to assess demographics, religiosity, minimal acceptable level of recovery, enthusiasm for research participation, and receptiveness for CMD to support GoC decisions. Results Completed surveys were obtained from 196 participants (133 health care professionals and 63 surrogates). Across all respondents, 93% indicated that they would want their loved one or the patient they cared for to participate in a research study that supports recovery of consciousness if CMD were detected, compared to 58% if CMD were not detected. Health care professionals were more likely than surrogates to change GoC with a positive (78% vs. 59%, p  = 0.005) or negative (83% vs. 59%, p  = 0.0002) CMD result. Participants who reported religion was the most important part of their life were least likely to change GoC with or without CMD. Participants who identified as Black (odds ratio [OR] 0.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04–0.36) or Hispanic/Latino (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.2–0.75) and those for whom religion was the most important part of their life (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.05–0.64) were more likely to accept a lower minimum level of recovery. Conclusions Technology-supported prognostication and enthusiasm for clinical trial participation was supported across a diverse spectrum of health care professionals and surrogate decision-makers. Education for surrogates and health care professionals should accompany integration of technology-supported prognostication.

Ganoderma is a cosmopolitan genus of fungi with species distributed in temperate and tropical regions. Species of Ganoderma in living Leguminosae were observed in Park de la Salud in Pance, Cali, Colombia and we record G. multiplicatum for the first time from Colombia. A distribution map of this genus in the Neotropical region is presented. 

This is a summary of the original article ‟Overall survival with osimertinib in resected EGFR-mutated NSCLC.ˮ Osimertinib blocks the activity of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on cancer cells, causing cancer cell death and tumor shrinkage, and is an effective treatment for EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The ADAURA study assessed the effects of osimertinib versus placebo in patients with EGFR-mutated (exon 19 deletion or L858R) early stage (IB–IIIA) NSCLC removed by surgery (resected). Previous results from ADAURA demonstrated that patients treated with osimertinib stayed alive and cancer-free (disease-free survival) significantly longer than patients who received placebo. Recent data showed the overall length of time patients were alive after starting treatment (overall survival). In both the primary stage II–IIIA and overall stage IB–IIIA populations, patients in the osimertinib group had a significant 51% reduction in the risk of death compared with the placebo group. The data demonstrated that osimertinib after surgery significantly improved overall survival in patients with resected, EGFR-mutated, stage IB–IIIA NSCLC.

La parálisis cerebral  (PC) es la causa más frecuente de discapacidad en la infancia. El objetivo fue determinar  la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS)  de niños y niñas entre 8 y 12 años con PC y relacionarlo con características sociodemográficas y clínicas. Estudio descriptivo correlacional; se aplicó cuestionario con información sociodemográfica y clínica y el Kidscreen 27 a una población de 100 niños con PC o a sus cuidadores principales, para el caso de aquellos con dificultades cognitivas o comunicativas. La dimensión de entorno escolar y estado de ánimo y sentimientos fueron mejor percibidas. En los niños más pequeños (8 a 9 años) se encontró una mejor percepción sobre la actividad física y la vida familiar y el tiempo libre, mientras que los niños mayores (10 a 12 años) en el dominio de apoyo social y amigos. Los niños de estrato socioeconómico alto dieron mayor  puntuación en todos los dominios de calidad de vida al igual que los niños menos comprometidos en su función motora gruesa.  El más alto nivel educativo de los cuidadores, estrato socioeconómico alto y menor severidad en el compromiso motor en los niños con PC, se relaciona con una mejor calidad de vida.