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Consumers are increasingly willing to pay a premium for high-quality extra virgin olive oils (HQ-EVOOs) with specific sensory or nutraceutical properties, and originating from particular botanical or geographical origins. Regarding geographic origin, Italy is one of the main producers, with many local production areas, each characterized by its own distinctive typicity. The aim of this study is the chemical, sensory, and nutraceutical profiling of HQ-EVOO produced over two production years in Montespertoli (province of Florence) by 12 producers involved in the “MontEspertOlio” project, funded by the Tuscan Region. Oils were produced based on a production process previously defined and specifically applied to this territory. The shelf-life of the oil was also evaluated over a 12-month period. Legal quality parameters were analyzed according to EU regulation. Phenolic compounds, tocopherols, fatty acid composition, and volatile compounds were analyzed using HPLC-DAD, HPLC-FLD, HS-SPME-GC-MS, and GC-FID, respectively. Finally, sensory analysis was conducted using the Panel Test method. Results showed that Montespertoli HQ-EVOO is characterized by distinctive sensory and chemical traits that fully match consumer preferences, even across two production years characterized by different growing conditions. The shelf-life performance was excellent over 12 months, also showing a protective effect of greater bottle sizes against oxidation.

Insect-based food is not common in Europe, because most people do not consider insects to be edible, but rather a threat and a health risk. Fear and refusal to eat a new food product introduced into a culture is called food neophobia, which results in a hesitation to trying and experimenting with new foods. Although there is significant interest in this novel sector, there is a lack of research on the link between rejection, the level of food neophobia, and consumer behavior related to the introduction of insects into the diet. In this study, through 420 questionnaires, a specific experimental scale of insects was introduced which, together with a neophobia scale, analyzed the probability and the intention of respondents to consume insects. Another issue tested has been their intention to eat food containing insects. We observed that the analyses of the two scales produced different results, confirming the need for a specific scale to measure “insect phobia”. This is important, since knowledge about consumer preferences for and barriers to using insects as human food sources is limited but necessary in order to set up commercialization strategies. The development of insect-based food offers physical health benefits and also improves the sustainability of the food industry.

Several studies have focused on the behaviour of consumers towards organic wine, finding varying and sometimes conflicting results. Some scholars have noted that consumers may perceive wine labelled as organic to be of a lower quality, whereas others have found that consumers are willing to pay a premium price for it. Starting from these discrepancies found in the literature, this study seeks to investigate how the organic certification influences consumers when purchasing a bottle of red wine, evaluating the possible presence of attribute non-attendance (ANA) behaviour. A choice experiment was carried out on a sample of Italian wine consumers. Findings highlight that although, on average, consumers do not prefer organic wine, there is a relevant niche in the market consisting of consumers who benefit from purchasing it. Moreover, we have found that the majority of the sample ignores the organic attribute when choosing a bottle of wine, which reveals ANA behaviour.

Consumers’ interest in product information, such as nutrition, environment, and social aspects, is increasing in the food market. Blockchain technology can enhance credibility of quality signals on labels through transparency and accountability in the supply chain. This study examines the impact of blockchain technology on reducing consumer uncertainty about credence attributes and facilitating informed choices. It is particularly relevant for food policies, as greater consumer awareness promotes proactive involvement in sustainability and public health. We conducted a choice experiment with 300 Italian consumers, focusing on craft beer and analysing how blockchain technology in strengthens organic and DOP certification. The results provide valuable insights for producers and policymakers to develop voluntary approaches that engage society in objectives that concern the collective well-being. They highlight the potential of blockchain technology in communicating credence attributes and empowering consumers. However, our study reveals that the impact of blockchain technology on choices is influenced by a different level of trust, likely due to the complexity of understanding its functioning.

In recent years, European consumers have increasingly concentrated their fish consumption on a few marine species, which have a high monetary value. Unfortunately, the intensive fishing pressure exerted on few species can jeopardize the stability of marine ecosystems and produce a huge amount of discarded fishes. To address this, promoting the consumption of low-commercial-value fish could be a solution to foster responsible and sustainable consumption. As these species are not easy to handle and require time and cooking skills to be prepared, we tested the use of implicit conditioning tools to promote the consumption of low-market-value fish in restaurants. Therefore, a choice experiment was conducted on a sample of 774 Italian consumers. The participants were randomly divided into two information treatments plus a control group. They were presented with a menu containing one option with low-market-value fish species, selecting fish soup as a traditional and recognizable dish, thereby proposing a familiar dish option that can include such species and facilitate consumer acceptance. The low-market-value fish option was accompanied by a small image and a message highlighting its sustainability (first group) or traditionality (second group). The results indicated that the instrument related to traditionality was the only one effective in influencing consumer choices toward the low-market-value fish option, particularly for high-income consumers. Other consumer segments, such as those who care about the environment, were not particularly susceptible to the environmental cue.

China has experienced frequent food safety incidents that have undermined consumer trust in the food supply chain. To overcome this problem, China requalified the legislative framework and adopted a comprehensive food certification system over the years. Here, we investigated the influences of food traceability and Chinese certifications (QS/SC—food quality safety market access/production system, hazard-free, green, and organic) on Chinese consumer trust of food safety for different types of products: fish, meat, milk, eggs, and rice. Data were collected through face-to-face surveys conducted in rural and urban Chinese areas. With a sample of 757 questionnaires, we ran a logit model. The results show consumers’ uncertainty and skepticism of certifications guaranteeing food safety attributes, especially for animal-based products. We found that price is used as a cue of safety by Chinese consumers. Individuals with higher education seem less influenced by certifications and other cues included in the analysis. The findings demonstrate that Chinese policy makers should implement new strategies to enhance consumer food safety trust, and design policies by considering different categories (e.g., vegetables, meat, fish, etc.) of food.

One of the most critical points for the validity of Discrete Choice Experiments lies in their capability to render the experiment as close to actual market conditions as possible. In particular, when dealing with products characterized by a large number of attributes, the construction of the experiment poses the issue of how to express the choice question providing sufficient information. Our study verifies the role of scenario definition in choice experiments and proposes a methodology to build customized scenarios by eliciting responses from interviewees on the main choice criteria, which makes it possible to render the conditions of the experiment more realistic. This methodology is applied to the case study of wine and is introduced by a systematic review of the Discrete Choice Experiments conducted on wine. The findings show that customized scenarios result in different preference estimates compared to the conventional approach. In particular, we found a significant decline in the importance of the price attribute, which could be attributed to a better definition of the product being evaluated. Moreover, the methodology is capable of gathering information on the decision-making process that would otherwise remain unobserved and that can be used for a better segmentation analysis.

Consumer preferences about locally grown foods have been studied principally as they concern meals consumed in the home, while knowledge about consumptions outside the home is still fragmented. Studying the relationship between local foods and out of the home consumptions instead proves particularly interesting, considering the growth of eating out habits. In this scenario, our paper intends to verify whether using products of local origin in restaurants can represent an element capable of influencing consumer preferences positively. The analysis was developed by means of a choice experiment between alternatives that differ in certification of origin, process certification, price and the main characteristics of the restaurant. The survey was conducted on a representative sample of Italian (500) and German (500) consumers. Applying Latent Class Modelling has enabled us to segment the market and profile the segments. Profiling was performed considering the socio-demographic characteristics, the choice motivations not expressly inserted in the choice experiment and the Schwartz value system. The results show not only a marked heterogeneity of preferences but also a consistent consumer segment willing to pay a relevant premium price for meals made from a prevalence of products certified as being of local origin. This segment, labelled 'locavores', appears across both countries, despite differing gastronomic traditions. Locavores are mainly young people who prioritise self-enhancement, stimulation and conservation in the sense of respect for traditions and being members of their communities. The 'Discussions and conclusions' section handles the principal implications from the viewpoint of the decisions of restaurant owners, as well as from that of farmers.

Plastic pollution causing the near-permanent contamination of the environment is a preeminent concern. The largest market sector for plastic resins is packaging, and the food industry plays a major role in producing plastic packaging waste. Therefore, the gradual switch of the food system towards pro-environmental packaging strategies is required to contain the plastic packaging waste issue. To this extent, this study aimed to investigate how food consumers relatively value the provision of different sustainable packaging alternatives, namely the unpackaged option and bioplastic packaging. Moreover, to shed light on the behavioural mechanism underlying the decision-making process for sustainable packaging, we considered two different decision paradigms: the traditional random utility maximization and random regret minimization framework. Overall, our results indicate that consumer tastes are highly heterogeneous and that preference patterns change according to the behavioural approach assumed by individuals. Policymakers and marketers of food industries need to carefully consider the differences in the decision mechanism of consumers when implementing strategies to encourage pro-environmental food choices. Notably, our findings elucidate on the importance to embrace other perspectives as well, and not simply limit to utility maximization, to fully comprehend the decision-making process of consumers for sustainable foods.

Using spatial econometric techniques and local spatial statistics, this study explores the relationships between the real estate values in Tuscany with the individual perception of satisfaction by landscape types. The analysis includes the usual territorial variables such as proximity to urban centres and roads. The landscape values are measured through a sample of respondents who expressed their aesthetic-visual perceptions of different types of land use. Results from a multivariate local Geary highlight that house prices are not spatial independent and that between the variables included in the analysis there is mainly a positive correlation. Specifically, the findings demonstrate a significant spatial dependence in real estate prices. The aesthetic values influence the real estate price throughout more a spatial indirect effect rather than the direct effect. Practically, house prices in specific areas are more influenced by aspects such as proximity to essential services. The results seem to show to live close to highly aesthetic environments not in these environments. The results relating to the distance from the main roads, however, seem counterintuitive. This result probably depends on the evidence that these areas suffer from greater traffic jam or pollution or they are preferred for alternative uses such as for locating industrial plants or big shopping centres rather than residential use. Therefore, these effects decrease house prices.