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Reduced dimensionality and interlayer coupling in van der Waals materials gives rise to fundamentally different electronic1, optical2 and many-body quantum3–5 properties in monolayers compared with the bulk. This layer-dependence permits the discovery of novel material properties in the monolayer regime. Ferromagnetic order in two-dimensional materials is a coveted property that would allow fundamental studies of spin behaviour in low dimensions and enable new spintronics applications6–8. Recent studies have shown that for the bulk-ferromagnetic layered materials CrI3 (ref. 9) and Cr2Ge2Te6 (ref. 10), ferromagnetic order is maintained down to the ultrathin limit at low temperatures. Contrary to these observations, we report the emergence of strong ferromagnetic ordering for monolayer VSe2, a material that is paramagnetic in the bulk11,12. Importantly, the ferromagnetic ordering with a large magnetic moment persists to above room temperature, making VSe2 an attractive material for van der Waals spintronics applications.

This research focuses on the relationship of self-congruity and perceived social value with the interpersonal connections established by Generation Y tourists in virtual social networks. A quantitative study was performed using a sample of young travelers from Spain. The methodologies of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Models (SEM) were used to analyze the results. The findings of the research show that self-congruity influences the perceived social value; the perceived social value leads to satisfaction and the creation of interpersonal connections in virtual social networks; and the interpersonal connections in virtual social networks influence the use of these tools by Generation Y travelers.

The majority of past research regarding the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on employee outcomes focused on the positive side of CSR whereas its negative side was largely ignored. The present study considered both positive and negative CSR perceptions from an employee perspective and investigated the effects of these perceptions on employee engagement. The study also examined the roles of altruistic preference and the relevance of CSR to employee interests. Through a survey with 411 luxury hotel customers from China and Structural Equation Modelling analysis, it was found that employees can both negatively and positively perceive luxury hotels’ CSR initiatives, resulting in different engagement outcomes. Employee engagement is increased by the perceptions of corporate citizenship and shared value creation and reduced by the perceptions of corporate hypocrisy and CSR washing. The above CSR perceptions are determined by the relevance of CSR to employee interests. In addition, employees’ altruistic preferences moderate the effect of the relevance of CSR on CSR perceptions. As a result, the fit between CSR and luxury in the hospitality industry is determined by how employees perceive CSR initiatives while how they perceive CSR initiatives is determined by the relevance of CSR to employee interests and their altruistic preferences.

This paper is devoted to study the Cauchy type problem for the nonlinear differential equation with ψ -Hilfer fractional derivative H D a + α , ν ; ψ u ( x ) = f ( x , u ( x ) ) a . e . on [ a , b ] I a + ( 1 - α ) ( 1 - ν ) ; ψ u ( a ) = c in the space of summable functions L α , ν [ a , b ] , where α ∈ ( 0 , 1 ) , ν ∈ ( 0 , 1 ) , ψ ∈ C 1 [ a , b ] be a strictly increasing function and H D a + α , ν ; ψ is the ψ -Hilfer fractional derivative of u . The equivalence of this problem and the nonlinear Volterra integral equation is established. The existence and uniqueness of solution to the Cauchy type problem is proved using progressive contractions techniques and the Banach fixed point theorem.

Environmental attitudes and behaviours have received relatively little attention in golf tourism, compared to other tourism research areas. Golf tourism provides products and services based on nature, and they should focus on the environment. Golf has become increasingly important in the development of European tourism within the last decade. Moreover, golf is one of the primary motivations for European tourists in the sports tourism sector. This study is based on a sample of 431 golf tourists, from different nationalities, who visit Andalusia, Spain. This research examines the relationship between environmental attitudes and behavioural intentions for three subsamples of European nationalities: British, German, and Spanish. This relationship was corroborated in the three subsamples. However, the national citizenship of European golf tourists was not a moderator effect on the relationship between environmental attitudes and behavioural intentions.

In this article, a class of boundary value problem with tempered fractional derivatives is studied. By using a variational principle due to Ricceri (in J Comput Appl Math 113:401–410, 2000), the existence of infinitely many weak solutions for these problems is established by requiring that the nonlinear term f has a suitable oscillating behavior either at the origin or at infinity.

Self-consciousness can be considered as the internal disposition to direct attention to oneself. This dispositional tendency can be focused on private aspects of the self, but also on public characteristics of the individual. We examine self-consciousness in online consumer behavior. This concept has been poorly investigated in consumer research. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the influence of the dimensions of self-consciousness in consumer adoption of online shopping. This study is based on a sample of 725 Spanish undergraduates. Findings indicated that public self-consciousness is a significant predictor of the adoption of online shopping, and inversely affects perceived ease of use and usefulness. These results may have important implications in the segmentation of users of self-service technologies.

The customers are an essential element for marketing decisions and became a factor decisive to develop collaborations with the company. The study examines the four building blocks of the interaction of the DART model (Dialogue, Access, Risk Assessment, Transparency) in the hospitality industry from the client’s perception. This approach of the research is paramount, as value co-creation and DART model especially are based on a dialogical process between equal partners. That means that the principles of the four building blocks of interaction are equally applied to all the actors involved. This argument is amplified as the dividing line between producers and consumers is barely evident in the service-dominant logic. The exploratory study has been carried out at the Makedonia International Airport in Thessaloniki, Greece. Partial Least Squares (PLS) provides empirical support to conduct the exploratory study.

The fit between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and luxury is a debated topic and there is limited understanding regarding how the CSR initiatives of a luxury hotel are differently perceived and responded to by customers. The present study analysed the fit between CSR and luxury in China’s luxury hospitality industry by investigating customers’ CSR perceptions as well as their brand attitudes. According to the attribution of CSR motives, this study classified consumers’ four CSR perceptions, including CSR washing, corporate hypocrisy, corporate citizenship, and shared value creation. An experimental study was implemented with 400 luxury customers. It was found that when the CSR information of a hotel was disclosed by advertisements, participants reported stronger perceptions of CSR washing and corporate hypocrisy as well as weaker perceptions of corporate citizenship and shared value creation than when the CSR information was disclosed by media reports. Different CSR perceptions were found to differently influence customers’ brand attitudes. Their brand attitudes were positively influenced by the perceptions of corporate citizenship and shared value creation and were negatively influenced by the perceptions of CSR washing and corporate hypocrisy. In view of this, the present study argued that the fit between CSR and luxury in the hospitality industry is associated with whether consumers perceive CSR initiatives positively or negatively.