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Background: Previous studies indicate that endothelial injury, as demonstrated by the presence of circulating endothelial cells (CECs), may predict clinical outcome in cancer patients. In addition, soluble CD146 (sCD146) may reflect activation of angiogenesis. However, no study has investigated their combined clinical value in patients undergoing resection for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Data were collected from preoperative blood samples from 74 patients who underwent resection for NSCLC. Circulating endothelial cells were defined, using the CellSearch Assay, as CD146+CD105+CD45−DAPI+. In parallel, sCD146 was quantified using an ELISA immunoassay. These experiments were also performed on a group of 20 patients with small-cell lung cancer, 60 healthy individuals and 23 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Results: The CEC count and the plasma level of sCD146 were significantly higher in NSCLC patients than in the sub-groups of controls ( P <0.001). Moreover, an increased CEC count was associated with higher levels of sCD146 ( P =0.010). Both high CEC count and high sCD146 plasma level at baseline significantly correlated with shorter progression-free survival ( P <0.001, respectively) and overall survival ( P =0.005; P =0.009) of NSCLC patients. Conclusions: The present study provides supportive evidence to show that both a high CEC count and a high sCD146 level at baseline correlate with poor prognosis and may be useful for the prediction of clinical outcome in patients undergoing surgery for NSCLC.

Background: Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is an enzyme upregulated by hypoxia during tumour development and progression. This study was conducted to assess if the expression of CAIX in tumour tissue and/or plasma can be a prognostic factor in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Tissue microarrays containing 555 NSCLC tissue samples were generated for quantification of CAIX expression. The plasma level of CAIX was determined by ELISA in 209 of these NSCLC patients and in 58 healthy individuals. The CAIX tissue immunostaining and plasma levels were correlated with clinicopathological factors and patient outcome. Results: CAIX tissue overexpression correlated with shorter overall survival (OS) ( P =0.05) and disease-specific survival (DSS) of patients ( P =0.002). The CAIX plasma level was significantly higher in patients with NSCLC than in healthy individuals ( P <0.001). A high level of CAIX in the plasma of patients was associated with shorter OS ( P <0.001) and DSS ( P <0.001), mostly in early stage I+II NSCLC. Multivariate Cox analyses revealed that high CAIX tissue expression ( P =0.002) was a factor of poor prognosis in patients with resectable NSCLC. In addition, a high CAIX plasma level was an independent variable predicting poor OS ( P <0.001) in patients with NSCLC. Conclusion: High expression of CAIX in tumour tissue is a predictor of worse survival, and a high CAIX plasma level is an independent prognostic biomarker in patients with NSCLC, in particular in early-stage I+II carcinomas.

Collected specimens for research purposes may or may not be made available depending on their scarcity and/or on the project needs. Their protection against degradation or in the event of an incident is pivotal. Duplication and storage on a different site is the best way to assure their sustainability. The conservation of samples at room temperature (RT) by duplication can facilitate their protection. We describe a security system for the collection of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) stored in the biobank of the Nice Hospital Center, France, by duplication and conservation of lyophilized (dried), encapsulated DNA kept at RT. Therefore, three frozen tissue collections from non-smoking, early stage and sarcomatoid carcinoma NSCLC patients were selected for this study. DNA was extracted, lyophilized and encapsulated at RT under anoxic conditions using the DNAshell technology. In total, 1974 samples from 987 patients were encapsulated. Six and two capsules from each sample were stored in the biobanks of the Nice and Grenoble (France) Hospitals, respectively. In conclusion, DNA maintained at RT allows for the conservation, duplication and durability of collections of interest stored in biobanks. This is a low-cost and safe technology that requires a limited amount of space and has a low environmental impact.

Puis, le 15 octobre, le New York Times, qui révèle l'historique de cette affaire, nous informe que la Havard Medical School désavoue le Pr Anversa et demande le retrait de ses publications frauduleuses. Citons l'une des dernières études pilotée par Google, parue dans American Journal of Surgical Pathology en octobre 2018. Les auteurs concluent : \"bien que les algorithmes de deep learning aient été crédités de performances diagnostiques comparables ou supérieures à des médecins, nos résultats suggèrent que combiner les forces des ordinateurs et celles des experts humains présente une bien meilleure opportunité\".

Ce type d'IA a la capacité d'effectuer une bibliographie médicale exhaustive en un temps record et permettrait d'automatiser la recherche documentaire. Bien que très prometteur sur le plan strictement technique, il nécessite des investissements coûteux et des réorganisations structurelles du système de soins qui feront de son implantation un vaste chantier de plusieurs années et non une simple formalité comme certains veulent nous le faire croire. Cela n'a pas plus de valeur que la victoire de Deep Blue aux échecs il y 21 ans : une performance qui ne nous dit rien de l'avenir réel de la technique.

Citons l'une des dernières études pilotée par Google, parue dans American Journal of Surgical Pathology en octobre 2018. Partant du constat qu'une intelligence artificielle trop sensible (donc \"plus forte qu'un médecin\") présente le défaut de donner un taux élevé de faux positifs, les chercheurs ont évalué un logiciel de diagnostic automatisé de métastases ganglionnaires de cancer du sein entraîné par deep learning. Les auteurs concluent : \"bien que les algorithmes de deep learning aient été crédités de performances diagnostiques comparables ou supérieures à des médecins, nos résultats suggèrent que combiner les forces des ordinateurs et celles des experts humains présente une bien meilleure opportunité\".