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"Boone, James L"
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Lost civilization : the contested Islamic past in Spain and Portugal
\"Al-Andalus, the Iberian Islamic civilization centred on Cordoba in the tenth and eleventh centuries, has been a 'lost' civilization in several respects. Its history suppressed or denied for much of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, it was regarded as a kind of 'historical parenthesis' with no lasting influence. Over the past twenty-five years, however, the history and archaeology of the Islamic period in the Iberian peninsula has undergone a complete transformation. Lost Civilization presents an introduction to this debate as it has played out in archaeology, taking a comparative civilizations approach that puts the formation of al-Andalus in context with corresponding developments elsewhere in Europe, North Africa and the Middle East.\"--BOOK JACKET.
Book
Does It Matter What Form Inheritance Takes?
Commentary on a special section of articles titled \"Intergenerational Wealth Transmission and Inequality in Premodern Societies.\". Adapted from the source document.
Journal Article
Why Intensive Agriculturalists Have Higher Fertility: A Household Energy Budget Approach
The authors explore the idea that children's contribution to underwriting the cost of large families may be an important factor conditioning variation in family size and the higher fertility attained by at least some intensive agriculturalists.
Journal Article
Does It Matter What Form Inheritance Takes?
Boone discusses the role of inheritance in the development of inequality. Like \"marriage,\" \"inheritance\" seems to be the kind of technical term that refers to as a \"family resemblance notion.\" In the case of marriage, a wide variety of institutional forms share cross-culturally a family resemblance that appears to be based on the unifying pattern of the specieswide tendency to form pair bonds. That is, some marriages may not involve pair bonding, but it seems unlikely that marriage would exist in any society if it were not for the tendency for humans to form them. In contrast, there seems to be a variety of underlying factors that result in offspring benefiting from the wealth of parents and other family members of the previous generation; these include parental investment and parental manipulation of offspring, competition among siblings, and ideological appeals by the living to ancestral spirits. In some cases, inheritance may not be an active strategy at all and might be argued to constitute a form of by-product mutualism.
Journal Article
Subsistence strategies and early human population history: An evolutionary ecological perspective
One of the keystones of the evolutionary ecological approach is the concept of energy budget, in which time and energy allocation is conceptually divided into somatic effort (growth, development and maintenance, and includes subsistence activities) and reproductive effort (which is further divided into mating effort and parental effort). Time and energy allocated to one component must be traded off against allocation to another. Using this energy budget approach in conjunction with some of the general implications of foraging theory, this article will explore the relationship between population dynamics and subsistence intensification. My discussion will revolve around two basic propositions regarding long-term human population history: 1) the near-zero growth rates that have prevailed through much of prehistory are likely due to long-term averaging across periods of relatively rapid local population growth interrupted by infrequent crashes caused by density-dependent and density-independent factors; and 2) broad changes in population growth rates across subsistence modes in prehistory are probably best explained in terms of changes in mortality due to the dampening or buffering of crashes rather than significant increases in fertility.
Journal Article
The evolution of magnanimity
Conspicuous consumption associated with status reinforcement behavior can be explained in terms of costly signaling, or strategic handicap theory, first articulated by Zahavi and later formalized by Grafen. A theory is introduced which suggests that the evolutionary raison d'être of status reinforcement behavior lies not only in its effects on lifetime reproductive success, but in its positive effects on the probability of survival through infrequent, unpredictable demographic bottlenecks. Under some circumstances, such \"wasteful\" displays may take the form of displays of altruistic behavior and generosity on the part of high status individuals, in that is signals the ability to bear the short-term costs of being generous or \"cooperative,\" while at the same time reinforcing the long-term benefits of higher status.
Journal Article
Population History and the Islamization of the Iberian Peninsula: Skeletal Evidence from the Lower Alentejo of Portugal
McMillan et al focus on the process of Islamization in the Lower Alentejo of southern Portugal in the region of the town of Mertola. They also compare a series of discrete genetically determined morphological traits of the cranium in two stratigraphically and temporally distinct skeletal populations recovered in the town--one from the Late Roman/Paleo-Christian period, the other from the Islamic period--to determine whether the two populations could have been drawn from the same gene pool.
Journal Article
