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Parental engagement in stimulating activities and the use of different discipline behaviors play a significant role in young children's behavioral development. Psychological frameworks often posit that parental beliefs and psychological well-being are key drivers of these parental behaviors. However, the influence of parental beliefs and psychological well-being on these parenting behaviors, and consequently on children's behavioral outcomes, remains understudied, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We collected primary data from 267 parents of young children (Mage in months = 13.66; 52.06% girls) living in low-income households in Bogotá and Soacha, Colombia, and assessed how parental beliefs and psychological distress predict children's behaviors through parental engagement in stimulation activities and use of violent punishment. Structural equation modeling indicated that positive parental beliefs about violence were linked to reduced engagement in stimulating activities, predicting lower child effortful control and positive affectivity, while parental psychological distress was associated with greater use of violent punishment, predicting lower effortful control and higher negative affectivity in children. These results underscore the importance of addressing parental beliefs and psychological well-being to support positive parenting behaviors and promote healthy behavioral development in young children, particularly in LMIC contexts.

Parental engagement in stimulating activities and the use of different discipline behaviors play a significant role in young children’s behavioral development. Psychological frameworks often posit that parental beliefs and psychological well-being are key drivers of these parental behaviors. However, the influence of parental beliefs and psychological well-being on these parenting behaviors, and consequently on children’s behavioral outcomes, remains understudied, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We collected primary data from 267 parents of young children (M age in months = 13.66; 52.06% girls) living in low-income households in Bogotá and Soacha, Colombia, and assessed how parental beliefs and psychological distress predict children’s behaviors through parental engagement in stimulation activities and use of violent punishment. Structural equation modeling indicated that positive parental beliefs about violence were linked to reduced engagement in stimulating activities, predicting lower child effortful control and positive affectivity, while parental psychological distress was associated with greater use of violent punishment, predicting lower effortful control and higher negative affectivity in children. These results underscore the importance of addressing parental beliefs and psychological well-being to support positive parenting behaviors and promote healthy behavioral development in young children, particularly in LMIC contexts.

Introducción: se entiende como variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca (VFC) a la variación en milisegundos entre un latido y otro. Esta se encuentra influenciada por el sistema nervioso autónomo, y las diferentes condiciones que determinen un aumento o disminución de la actividad del sistema nervioso simpático o parasimpático, condicionarán cambios en la misma. Teniendo en cuenta que los centros de activación autonómica se encuentran a nivel de la médula espinal, el tallo encefálico y el hipotálamo y que en este último se realiza la retroalimentación que regula el eje hormonal hipotálamo - hipófisis - gonadal, se propone que el comportamiento de estrógenos y progesterona se encuentra relacionado con la actividad del sistema nervioso autónomo y que, por tanto, se condicionarán cambios en la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca determinados por las diferentes fases del ciclo menstrual. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el comportamiento de la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca, a través de los dominios en tiempo, en frecuencia y el análisis no lineal, y establecer la posible influencia del estímulo hormonal femenino teniendo en cuenta la fase del ciclo menstrual en la que se encuentre. Métodos: se recogió una muestra de 27 mujeres voluntarias que cumplieran los criterios de inclusión (edad entre 18 y 25 años, ciclo menstrual regular y que no consumieran anticonceptivos orales en la actualidad). Se realizó la toma de un electrocardiograma en DII durante cinco minutos en dos momentos diferentes de su ciclo: 1) Fase menstrual, tomado como el primer día de la menstruación o los dos días previos a este, y 2) Fase ovulatoria entendido como el día 14±2. Resultado: se obtuvo una disminución significativa (p = 0,004) en la entropía aproximada (ApEn) durante la fase menstrual, lo cual sugiere una menor actividad del sistema nervioso parasimpático durante esta fase. Con lo anterior se concluye que: existe una relación entre el estímulo hormonal y la actividad del sistema nervioso autónomo, siendo el método más sensible para la evaluación de dicha actividad la entropía aproximada. Conclusión: este estudio demuestra una vez más la relación existente entre los sistemas de regulación (endocrino y sistema nervioso autónomo).

This letter provides an update on the activities of \"The Global Collaboration on Traumatic Stress\" (GC-TS) as first described by Schnyder et al. in 2017. It presents in further detail the projects of the first theme, in particular the development of and initial data on the Global Psychotrauma Screen (GPS), a brief instrument designed to screen for the wide range of potential outcomes of trauma. English language data and ongoing studies in several languages provide a first indication that the GPS is a feasible, reliable and valid tool, a tool that may be very useful in the current pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Further multi-language and cross-cultural validation is needed. Since the start of the GC-TS, new themes have been introduced to focus on in the coming years: a) Forcibly displaced persons, b) Global prevalence of stress and trauma related disorders, c) Socio-emotional development across cultures, and d) Collaborating to make traumatic stress research data \"FAIR\". The most recent theme added is that of Global crises, currently focusing on COVID-19-related projects.