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The CUPID-Mo experiment to search for 0νββ decay in 100Mo has been recently completed after about 1.5 years of operation at Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (France). It served as a demonstrator for CUPID, a next generation 0νββ decay experiment. CUPID-Mo was comprised of 20 enriched Li2100MoO4 scintillating calorimeters, each with a mass of ∼0.2 kg, operated at ∼20 mK. We present here the final analysis with the full exposure of CUPID-Mo (100Mo exposure of 1.47 kg×year) used to search for lepton number violation via 0νββ decay. We report on various analysis improvements since the previous result on a subset of data, reprocessing all data with these new techniques. We observe zero events in the region of interest and set a new limit on the 100Mo 0νββ decay half-life of T1/20ν>1.8×1024 year (stat. + syst.) at 90% CI. Under the light Majorana neutrino exchange mechanism this corresponds to an effective Majorana neutrino mass of mββ <(0.28-0.49) eV, dependent upon the nuclear matrix element utilized.

CUPID-Mo, located in the Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (France), was a demonstrator for the next generation 0 ν β β decay experiment, CUPID. It consisted of an array of 20 enriched Li 2 100 MoO 4 bolometers and 20 Ge light detectors and has demonstrated that the technology of scintillating bolometers with particle identification capabilities is mature. Furthermore, CUPID-Mo can inform and validate the background prediction for CUPID. In this paper, we present a detailed model of the CUPID-Mo backgrounds. This model is able to describe well the features of the experimental data and enables studies of the 2 ν β β decay and other processes with high precision. We also measure the radio-purity of the Li 2 100 MoO 4 crystals which are found to be sufficient for the CUPID goals. Finally, we also obtain a background index in the region of interest of 3.7  - 0.8 + 0.9  (stat) - 0.7 + 1.5  (syst)  × 10 - 3  counts/ Δ E FWHM / mol iso / year , the lowest in a bolometric 0 ν β β decay experiment.

We report the measurement of the two-neutrino double-beta ( 2 ν β β ) decay of 100 Mo to the ground state of 100 Ru using lithium molybdate ( Li 2 100 MoO 4 ) scintillating bolometers. The detectors were developed for the CUPID-Mo program and operated at the EDELWEISS-III low background facility in the Modane underground laboratory (France). From a total exposure of 42.235 kg × day, the half-life of 100 Mo is determined to be T 1 / 2 2 ν = [ 7 . 12 - 0.14 + 0.18 ( stat . ) ± 0.10 ( syst . ) ] × 10 18  years. This is the most accurate determination of the 2 ν β β half-life of 100 Mo to date.

The current experiments searching for neutrinoless double- β ( 0 ν β β ) decay also collect large statistics of Standard Model allowed two-neutrino double- β ( 2 ν β β ) decay events. These can be used to search for Beyond Standard Model (BSM) physics via 2 ν β β decay spectral distortions. 100 Mo has a natural advantage due to its relatively short half-life, allowing higher 2 ν β β decay statistics at equal exposures compared to the other isotopes. We demonstrate the potential of the dual read-out bolometric technique exploiting a 100 Mo exposure of 1.47 kg  ×  years, acquired in the CUPID-Mo experiment at the Modane underground laboratory (France). We set limits on 0 ν β β decays with the emission of one or more Majorons, on 2 ν β β decay with Lorentz violation, and 2 ν β β decay with a sterile neutrino emission. In this analysis, we investigate the systematic uncertainty induced by modeling the 2 ν β β decay spectral shape parameterized through an improved model, an effect never considered before. This work motivates searches for BSM processes in the upcoming CUPID experiment, which will collect the largest amount of 2 ν β β decay events among the next-generation experiments.

CUPID-Mo is a bolometric experiment to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay ( 0 ν β β ) of 100 Mo . In this article, we detail the CUPID-Mo detector concept, assembly and installation in the Modane underground laboratory, providing results from the first datasets. The CUPID-Mo detector consists of an array of 20 100 Mo -enriched 0.2 kg Li 2 MoO 4 crystals operated as scintillating bolometers at ∼ 20 mK . The Li 2 MoO 4 crystals are complemented by 20 thin Ge optical bolometers to reject α events by the simultaneous detection of heat and scintillation light. We observe a good detector uniformity and an excellent energy resolution of 5.3 keV (6.5 keV) FWHM at 2615 keV, in calibration (physics) data. Light collection ensures the rejection of α particles at a level much higher than 99.9% – with equally high acceptance for γ / β events – in the region of interest for 100 Mo 0 ν β β . We present limits on the crystals’ radiopurity: ≤ 3 μ Bq/kg of 226 Ra and ≤ 2 μ Bq/kg of 232 Th . We discuss the science reach of CUPID-Mo, which can set the most stringent half-life limit on the 100 Mo 0 ν β β decay in half-a-year’s livetime. The achieved results show that CUPID-Mo is a successful demonstrator of the technology developed by the LUMINEU project and subsequently selected for the CUPID experiment, a proposed follow-up of CUORE, the currently running first tonne-scale bolometric 0 ν β β experiment.

The current experiments searching for neutrinoless double-β (0vββ) decay also collect large statistics of Standard Model allowed two-neutrino double-β (2vββ) decay events. These can be used to search for Beyond Standard Model (BSM) physics via 2vββ decay spectral distortions. 100Mo has a natural advantage due to its relatively short half-life, allowing higher 2vββ decay statistics at equal exposures compared to the other isotopes. We demonstrate the potential of the dual read-out bolometric technique exploiting a 100Mo exposure of 1.47 kg X years, acquired in the CUPID-Mo experiment at the Modane underground laboratory (France). We set limits on 0vββ decays with the emission of one or more Majorons, on 2vββ decay with Lorentz violation, and 2vββ decay with a sterile neutrino emission. In this analysis, we investigate the systematic uncertainty induced by modeling the 2vββ decay spectral shape parameterized through an improved model, an effect never considered before. This work motivates searches for BSM processes in the upcoming CUPID experiment, which will collect the largest amount of 2vββ decay events among the next-generation experiments.

The current experiments searching for neutrinoless double-$$\\beta $$β ($$0\\nu \\beta \\beta $$0 ν β β ) decay also collect large statistics of Standard Model allowed two-neutrino double-$$\\beta $$β ($$2\\nu \\beta \\beta $$2 ν β β ) decay events. These can be used to search for Beyond Standard Model (BSM) physics via$$2\\nu \\beta \\beta $$2 ν β β decay spectral distortions. 100 Mo has a natural advantage due to its relatively short half-life, allowing higher$$2\\nu \\beta \\beta $$2 ν β β decay statistics at equal exposures compared to the other isotopes. We demonstrate the potential of the dual read-out bolometric technique exploiting a 100 Mo exposure of 1.47 kg $$\\times $$×  years, acquired in the CUPID-Mo experiment at the Modane underground laboratory (France). We set limits on$$0\\nu \\beta \\beta $$0 ν β β decays with the emission of one or more Majorons, on$$2\\nu \\beta \\beta $$2 ν β β decay with Lorentz violation, and$$2\\nu \\beta \\beta $$2 ν β β decay with a sterile neutrino emission. In this analysis, we investigate the systematic uncertainty induced by modeling the$$2\\nu \\beta \\beta $$2 ν β β decay spectral shape parameterized through an improved model, an effect never considered before. This work motivates searches for BSM processes in the upcoming CUPID experiment, which will collect the largest amount of$$2\\nu \\beta \\beta $$2 ν β β decay events among the next-generation experiments.

The current experiments searching for neutrinoless double-β (0ν β β) decay also collect large statistics of Standard Model allowed two-neutrino double-β (2ν β β ) decay events. These can be used to search for Beyond Standard Model (BSM) physics via 2ν β β decay spectral distortions. 100Mo has a natural advantage due to its relatively short half-life, allowing higher 2ν β β decay statistics at equal exposures compared to the other isotopes. We demonstrate the potential of the dual read-out bolometric technique exploiting a 100Mo exposure of 1.47 kg years, acquired in the CUPID-Mo experiment at the Modane underground laboratory (France). We set limits on 0ν β β decays with the emission of one or more Majorons, on 2ν β β decay with Lorentz violation, and 2ν β β decay with a sterile neutrino emission. In this analysis, we investigate the systematic uncertainty induced by modeling the 2ν β β decay spectral shape parameterized through an improved model, an effect never considered before. This work motivates searches for BSM processes in the upcoming CUPID experiment, which will collect the largest amount of 2ν β β decay events among the next-generation experiments.

Low-background anisotropic scintillators represents an innovative approach to study the presence, in the galactic halo, of those Dark Matter (DM) candidate particles able to induce just nuclear recoils, by exploiting the directionality approach. ZnWO4 crystal scintillators are particularly well-suited for such investigations, since the light output and scintillation pulse shape vary depending on the angle of incidence of heavy particles (e.g., α particles and nuclear recoils) relative to the crystal axes. Due to this anisotropic behavior, a signal induced by those DM candidates can be investigated in two independent modes: studying the directionality variation both of the signal rate and of the pulse shape discrimination from the γ/β radiation (that does not give rise to any anisotropic effects). Additionally, the detector’s sensitivity spans a wide range of DM masses, attributed to the differing atomic masses of its target nuclei (Zn, W, and O). Building on these characteristics, the ADAMO project carried out new studies to examine the anisotropic response of ZnWO4 scintillators to α particles and nuclear recoils induced by neutron scattering. A summary of these investigations are presented in this paper.

CUPID-Mo, located in the Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (France), was a demonstrator for the next generation$$0\\nu \\beta \\beta $$0 ν β β decay experiment, CUPID. It consisted of an array of 20 enriched Li$$_{2}$$2$$^{100}$$100 MoO$$_4$$4 bolometers and 20 Ge light detectors and has demonstrated that the technology of scintillating bolometers with particle identification capabilities is mature. Furthermore, CUPID-Mo can inform and validate the background prediction for CUPID. In this paper, we present a detailed model of the CUPID-Mo backgrounds. This model is able to describe well the features of the experimental data and enables studies of the$$2\\nu \\beta \\beta $$2 ν β β decay and other processes with high precision. We also measure the radio-purity of the Li$$_{2}$$2$$^{100}$$100 MoO$$_4$$4 crystals which are found to be sufficient for the CUPID goals. Finally, we also obtain a background index in the region of interest of 3.7 $$^{+0.9}_{-0.8}$$- 0.8 + 0.9  (stat)$$^{+1.5}_{-0.7}$$- 0.7 + 1.5  (syst) $$\\times ~10 ^{-3}$$× 10 - 3  counts/$$\\Delta E_{\\text {FWHM}}/\\text {mol}_{\\text {iso}}/\\text {year},$$Δ E FWHM / mol iso / year , the lowest in a bolometric$$0\\nu \\beta \\beta $$0 ν β β decay experiment.