Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
25
result(s) for
"Borowitz, Mariel"
Sort by:
Government data, commercial cloud
New data handling models may affect use for research Many government agencies have adopted open data policies, making their data freely available to all users online. At the same time, many agencies are experiencing substantial increases in the volume of data that they generate or collect. Simply upgrading existing systems is often not sufficient to ensure that large volumes of data remain accessible and can be analyzed efficiently; instead, agencies are transitioning to cloud infrastructures. Whereas some agencies seek to develop new in-house cloud platforms, many others are turning to commercial cloud providers. However, the ways in which agencies are partnering with these commercial entities vary considerably, as does the distribution of costs among agencies, cloud providers, and users. In some cases, users may need to pay to work with government data that were previously freely available. Although the underlying data may remain free, agencies may allow commercial providers to charge fees to users to download or analyze data using their commercial platform. Such challenges to the implementation of open data policies must be addressed to ensure that the current benefits of these policies are not lost and to realize the opportunities for researchers and society presented by big data and cloud computing.
Journal Article
Challenges in using satellite data for non-remote sensing specialists, an exploratory case study
In recent years, there has been a global trend among governments to provide free and open access to data collected by Earth-observing satellites with the purpose of maximizing the use of this data for a broad array of research and applications. Yet, there are still significant challenges facing non-remote sensing specialists who wish to make use of satellite data. This commentary explores an illustrative case study to provide concrete examples of these challenges and barriers. We then discuss how the specific challenges faced within the case study illuminate some of the broader issues in data accessibility and utility that could be addressed by policymakers that aim to improve the reach of their data, increase the range of research and applications that it enables, and improve equity in data access and use.
Journal Article
Examining the value of satellite data in halting transmission of polio in Nigeria: A socioeconomic analysis
In 2014, Nigeria halted transmission of wild poliovirus for the first time in its history. A critical enabling component in this historic achievement was the use of satellite data to produce more accurate maps and population estimates used in planning and implementing vaccination campaigns. This article employs a value-of-information approach to estimate the net socioeconomic benefits associated with this use of satellite data. We calculate the increase in the likelihood of halting transmission of polio associated with the use of satellite-based information compared to traditional data sources, and we consider the benefits associated with savings to the healthcare system as well as health benefits. Using a conservative approach focused on just 1 year of benefits, we estimate net socioeconomic benefits of between$46.0 million and $ 153.9 million. In addition to these quantified benefits, we also recognize qualitative benefits associated with improving human health, reaching marginalized communities, and building capacity among local populations. We also explore the substantial benefits associated with follow-on projects that have made use of the satellite-based data products and methodologies originally developed for the Nigeria polio eradication effort.
Journal Article
An Interoperable Information Umbrella
In 1996, Joseph Nye and William Owens foresaw the importance of information technologies and data sharing, warning that if the United States did not share the knowledge gained from its information systems—particularly satellites—other countries would have added incentive to develop their own. However, their analysis did not consider the potential benefits of resiliency offered by redundant allied systems. Decision makers should consider both the soft-power benefits of data sharing as well as the resiliency benefits associated with redundant, interoperable systems to enable a more robust path forward for gaining and preserving power in the information age. This article examines the disadvantages of restricting access to data as predicted by Nye and Owens and the unexpected benefits of redundancy for three space sector information technologies: reconnaissance satellites, global navigation satellite systems, and space domain awareness systems.
Journal Article
International cooperation in climate monitoring via satellite: Incentives and barriers to data sharing
Understanding and addressing climate change requires the collection of a significant amount of environmental data. Although satellites can best collect much of this data, it is not possible for one nation to collect all relevant climate data on its own, and there are currently gaps in relevant satellite data collection. Further, much of the data that is collected is not shared freely, but instead has barriers to access that limit its use for both scientific research and operational purposes. This research examined the development of data sharing policies to identify the barriers and incentives to international sharing of climate data collected by satellites. Quantitative analysis of satellite data-sharing policies for Earth observation data as well as case studies of domestic agencies in the U.S., Europe, and Japan, showed that limitations in data sharing are due to 1) a belief that data can efficiently be treated as a commodity, a viewpoint which conflicts with experience for nearly all climate data; 2) the lack of recognition of the normative justification for sharing climate data, though this norm exists for weather data; and 3) insufficient agreement that international cooperation and data sharing are required to adequately monitor climate change. These limitations exist due to uncertainties about the nature of the market for climate data, the inadequate understanding of climate impacts and the ability to mitigate them, and an inadequate understanding of the requirements of climate science and operational activities. To address this situation, countries should adopt free and open policies, recognizing that social benefit is maximized when data is treated as a public good and freely shared, and that cost recovery and commercialization of scientific satellite data are not viable. Countries should also share climate data internationally because it has the potential to save lives and property, creating a moral requirement for sharing. Finally, countries should agree on a minimal set of climate data that must be shared to adequately monitor climate. This agreement should be institutionalized by World Meteorological Organization (WMO) resolution framework, similar to WMO Resolution 40, which addressed weather data sharing.
Dissertation
Japan is now the 5th country to land on the Moon – the technology used will lend itself to future lunar missions
Lunar Excursion Vehicle 1 includes a camera, as well as scientific equipment, and uses a hopping mechanism to maneuver on the Moon. NASA has multiple spacecraft orbiting the Moon right now, and it’s already successfully launched the SLS rocket, which is capable of taking humans back to the Moon. NASA is developing very large and complex systems internally – like the Gateway space station, planned to orbit near the Moon, and the infrastructure for the Artemis human Moon missions.
Newspaper Article
Japan is now the 5th country to land on the Moon – the technology used will lend itself to future lunar missions
Lunar Excursion Vehicle 1 includes a camera, as well as scientific equipment, and uses a hopping mechanism to maneuver on the Moon. NASA has multiple spacecraft orbiting the Moon right now, and it’s already successfully launched the SLS rocket, which is capable of taking humans back to the Moon. NASA is developing very large and complex systems internally – like the Gateway space station, planned to orbit near the Moon, and the infrastructure for the Artemis human Moon missions.
Newspaper Article