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"Bossard, Laurent"
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Regional Atlas on West Africa
Recent global changes have placed regional integration at the centre of Africa’s political and economic agenda. This Atlas is both a driver and the result of strategic thinking on regional integration in West Africa. Containing maps, statistics and analyses, it describes the West African region, its population, settlement, territories, its economy and its vulnerabilities. It analyses the developments and the ways in which West Africa is conforming to a constantly changing global environment. The Atlas also identifies the medium- and long-term trends and provides elements for strategic thinking on the future.
eBook
Regional atlas on West Africa
Recent global changes have placed regional integration at the center of Africa's political and economic agenda. This atlas, containing maps, statistics and analyses, describes the West African region, its population, settlement, territories, its economy and its vulnerabilities. It analyzes the developments and the ways in which West Africa is conforming to a constantly changing global environment. The atlas also identifies the medium- and long-term trends and provides elements for strategic thinking on the future.--Publisher's description.
Book
Foreword
During the finalisation of this book, the crisis in Mali entered a new phase: a global war on terrorism. Measuring the consequences of this latest development is impossible at the moment. At the very least, division among communities poses a significant short-term risk. War encourages people to see things in black and white (Manichaeism); an ethnic or social group can be assimilated with the enemy because they are from the same origins.
Book Chapter
Where cities can take Africa
Tangier in 2000 was a sleepy coastal city in the north of Morocco. Fifteen years later, Tangier's population has exploded three-fold into a vibrant metropolitan area of 1.5 million inhabitants. The city's free-zones have attracted new industries, such as automobile producers. A new business district called Tangier City Center and new satellite cities arise around Tangier's old town, providing local inhabitants with modern infrastructure and amenities that have been sorely lacking. A new high-speed train is being built to connect people with the state-of-the-art Ibn Batouta International Airport.Examples like these prove how urbanisation is transforming African societies profoundly. Africa is urbanising twice as fast as Europe did. The share of urban residents in the total population has increased from 14% in 1950 to 40% today. It took Europe 110 years to move from 15% urban in 1800, to 40% in 1910. Africa has achieved that same transformation in 60 years, nearly half the time. The continent is urbanising at a historically rapid pace coupled with an unprecedented demographic boom: the population living in cities has doubled from 1995 to 472 million in 2015. By 2050, about 56% of Africans are expected to live in cities.
Journal Article
An Atlas of the Sahara-Sahel
The Sahara-Sahel has seen recurrent episodes of instability. However, the recent Libyan and Malian crises have intensified the level of violence. These episodes have restructured the geopolitical and geographical dynamics of the region. Cross-border or regional, these contemporary crises require new institutional responses. How can countries sharing this space - Algeria, Libya, Mali, Morocco, Mauritania, Niger, Chad and Tunisia and all related states such as Nigeria - stabilize and develop?Historically, the Sahara plays an intermediary role between North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa. Commercial and human exchanges are intense and based on social networks that now include trafficking. Understanding their structure, geographical and organizational mobility of criminal groups and migratory movements represents a strategic challenge. This book hopes to address this challenge and stimulate strategies for the Sahel of the European Union, the United Nations, the African Union or ECOWAS (Economic Community of the States of West Africa) in order to foster lasting peace.The Atlas is based on an analysis of mapped regional security issues and development objectives to open the necessary dialogue between regional and international organizations, governments, researchers and local stakeholders tracks.
eBook
L’insécurité, principale cause de la faim au Sahel
Malgré de bonnes récoltes, plus de 10 millions de personnes pourraient souffrir de malnutrition dans les pays sahéliens.
Newspaper Article
Togo : une géographie électorale presque immuable
Le taux de participation à l’élection présidentielle s’est érodé. Le président sortant Faure Gnassingbé a été réélu grâce aux voix du centre et du nord du pays.
Newspaper Article
Diagnosis of animal trypanosomoses: proper use of current tools and future prospects
Reliable diagnostic tools are needed to choose the appropriate treatment and proper control measures for animal trypanosomoses, some of which are pathogenic.
Trypanosoma cruzi
, for example, is responsible for Chagas disease in Latin America. Similarly, pathogenic animal trypanosomoses of African origin (ATAO), including a variety of
Trypanosoma
species and subspecies, are currently found in Africa, Latin America and Asia. ATAO limit global livestock productivity and impact food security and the welfare of domestic animals. This review focusses on implementing previously reviewed diagnostic methods, in a complex epizootiological scenario, by critically assessing diagnostic results at the individual or herd level. In most cases, a single diagnostic method applied at a given time does not unequivocally identify the various parasitological and disease statuses of a host. These include “non-infected”, “asymptomatic carrier”, “sick infected”, “cured/not cured” and/or “multi-infected”. The diversity of hosts affected by these animal trypanosomoses and their vectors (or other routes of transmission) is such that integrative, diachronic approaches are needed that combine: (i) parasite detection, (ii) DNA, RNA or antigen detection and (iii) antibody detection, along with epizootiological information. The specificity of antibody detection tests is restricted to the genus or subgenus due to cross-reactivity with other
Trypanosoma
spp. and Trypanosomatidae, but sensitivity is high. The DNA-based methods implemented over the last three decades have yielded higher specificity and sensitivity for active infection detection in hosts and vectors. However, no single diagnostic method can detect all active infections and/or trypanosome species or subspecies. The proposed integrative approach will improve the prevention, surveillance and monitoring of animal trypanosomoses with the available diagnostic tools. However, further developments are required to address specific gaps in diagnostic methods and the sustainable control or elimination of these diseases.
Graphical Abstract
Journal Article