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Railway networks systems are by design open and accessible to people, but this presents challenges in the prevention of events such as terrorism, trespass, and suicide fatalities. With the rapid advancement of machine learning, numerous computer vision methods have been developed in closed-circuit television (CCTV) surveillance systems for the purposes of managing public spaces. These methods are built based on multiple types of sensors and are designed to automatically detect static objects and unexpected events, monitor people, and prevent potential dangers. This survey focuses on recently developed CCTV surveillance methods for rail networks, discusses the challenges they face, their advantages and disadvantages and a vision for future railway surveillance systems. State-of-the-art methods for object detection and behaviour recognition applied to rail network surveillance systems are introduced, and the ethics of handling personal data and the use of automated systems are also considered.

A.B. BOSWORTH. Conquest and Empire: The Reign of Alexander the Great. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988. Pp. xiii, 330. $44.50 (us), cloth; $14.95 (us), paper. Reviewed by Edward Anson. ANTHONY R. BIRLEY. Septimius Severus: The African Emperor, rev. ed. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1988. Pp. xi, 291. $29.95 (us). Reviewed by Patricia A. Clark. ARCHIBALD R. LEWIS. Nomads and Crusaders A.D. 1000-1368. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1988. Pp. ix, 213. $25.00 (us). Reviewed by Faith Wallis. ELIZABETH ENDICOTT-WEST. Mongolian Rule in China: Local Administration in the Yuan Dynasty. Cambridge, Mass, and London: Harvard University Press, 1989. Pp. 217. $23.00 (us). Reviewed by Thomas T. Allsen. J.H. ELLIOTT. Spain and Its World 1500-1700: Selected Essays. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1989. Pp.xvi, 295. $27.50 (us). Reviewed by Ida Altman. RONALD HAYCOCK and KEITH NEILSON, eds. Men, Machines, and War. Waterloo, Ont.: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1988. Pp. xx, a 19. $27.95 (CAN). Reviewed by Brian Bond. PAUL SONNINO. Louis XIV and the Origins of the Dutch War. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988. Pp. xii, 226. $39.50 (us). Reviewed by David Parrott. BRIAN W. HILL. Robert Harley: Speaker, Secretary of State and Premier Minister. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1988. Pp. xi, 259. $35.00 (us). Reviewed by Jeremy Black. AZAR GAT. The Origins of Military Thought from the Enlightenment to Clausewitz. New York: The Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, 1989. Pp. xii, 281. $49.95 (us). Reviewed by Daniel Moran. ROGER DANIELS. Asian America: Chinese and Japanese in the United States since 1850. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1989. Pp. xviii, 384. $24.95 (us). Reviewed by Patricia E. Roy. R.P.T. DAVENPORT-HINES and GEOFFREY JONES, eds. British Business in Asia since 1860. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989. Pp. xvi, 301. $54.50 (us). Reviewed by A.J.H. Latham. GERARD J. DE GROOT. Douglas Haig, 1861-1928. Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1989. Pp.xi, 441. $34.95 (us). Reviewed by Brian Holden Reid. LEROY VAIL, ed. The Creation of Tribalism in Southern Africa. London: James Currey; Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1989. Pp. xiv, 422. $45.00 (us). Reviewed by John Flint. PHILIP SNOW. The Star Raft: China's Encounter with Africa. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1988. Pp. xxii, 250. £14.95. Reviewed by Jack Bermingham. SCOTT S. BURNETT, ed. Korean-American Relations: Documents Pertaining to the Far Eastern Diplomacy of the United States: III: The Period of Diminishing Influence, 1896-1905. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1989. Pp. xiii, 304. $24.00 (us). Reviewed by Charles M. Dobbs. GORDON LAXER. Open for Business: The Roots of Foreign Ownership in Canada. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1989. Pp. viii, 247. $16.95 (CAN). Reviewed by M. Patricia Marchak. LINDA B. HALL and DON M. COERVER. Revolution on the Border: The United States and Mexico, 1910-1920. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1988. Pp. xii, 205. $35.00 (us). Reviewed by Mark T. Gilderhus. RICHARD WALL and JAY WINTER, eds. The Upheaval of War: Family, Work and Welfare in Europe, 1914-1918. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988. Pp. vii, 497. $65.00 (us). Reviewed by William Rodney. JOHN WHITECLAY CHAMBERS II. To Raise an Army: The Draft Comes to Modern America. New York: The Free Press (Macmillan), 1987. Pp. 448. $24.95 (us). Reviewed by J. Garry Clifford. CHARLES C. MOSKOS. A Call to Civic Service: National Service for Country and Community. New York: The Free Press (Macmillan), 1988. Pp. xii, 226. $22.95 (us). Reviewed by J. Garry Clifford. MARSHALL M. LEE and WOLFGANG MICHALKA. German Foreign Policy 1917-1933: Continuity or Break? Leamington Spa: Berg (Publishers Limited; dist., New York: St. Martin's Press, 1987. Pp. 180. $32.50 (us). Reviewed by Andrew J. Crozier. JOHN ROBERT FERRIS. Men, Money, and Diplomacy: The Evolution of British Strategic Foreign Policy, 1919-1926. Ithaca, N.Y. and London: Cornell University Press, 1989. Pp. xiii, 335. $24.95 (us). Reviewed by Erik Goldstein. JOSHUA A. FOGEL, ed. and trans. Life Along the South Manchurian Railway: The Memoirs of Itō Takeo. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 1988. Pp. xxxi, 241. $29.95 (us). Reviewed by Hamish Ion. CHRISTOPHER DUGGAN. Fascism and the Mafia. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1989. Pp. xiii, 322. $27.50 (us). Reviewed by Richard Bosworth. WILLIAM S. GRENZEBACH, JR. Germany's Informal Empire in East-Central Europe: German Economic Policy toward Yugoslavia and Rumania, 1933-1939. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1988. Pp. ix, 269. DM 76. Reviewed by Dov B. Lungu. MICHAEL BURLEIGH. Germany Turns Eastwards: A Study of Ostforschung in the Third Reich. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988. Pp. xi, 351. $49.50 (us). Reviewed by Alexander Dallin. WILLIAM R. ROCK. Chamberlain and Roosevelt: British Foreign Policy and the United States, 1937-1940. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1988. Pp. xiv, 330. $30.00 (us). Reviewed by F.M. Carroll. HENRY PELLING. Britain and the Marshall Plan. London: Macmillan, 1988. Pp. viii, 188. £35.00. Reviewed by F.M. Carroll. IAN M. DRUMMOND and NORMAN HILLMER. Negotiating Freer Trade: The United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, and the Trade Agreements of 1938. Waterloo, Ont.: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1989. Pp. x, 197. $29.95 (CAN); $35.00 (us). Reviewed by J.L. Granatstein. LAWRENCE C. SOLEY. Radio Warfare: OSS and CIA Subversive Propaganda. New York: Praeger, 1989. Pp. x, 249. $24.95 (us). Reviewed by David Stafford. LEON V. SIGAL. Fighting to a Finish: The Politics of War Termination in the United States and Japan, 1945. Ithaca, N.Y. and London: Cornell University Press, 1988. Pp. xii, 335. $39.95 (us). Reviewed by Robert H. Ferrell. ANNA C. BRAMWELL, ed. Refugees in the Age of Total War. Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1988. Pp. xv, 359. $75.00 (us). Reviewed by John S. Conway. IRA M. LAPIDUS. A History of Islamic Societies. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988. Pp. xxxi, 1,002. $42.50 (us). Reviewed by L. Carl Brown. GEORGE CORM. Fragmentation of the Middle East: The Last Thirty Years. London: Hutchinson, 1988. Pp. 282. £9.95. Reviewed by L. Carl Brown. STEPHEN G. RABE. Eisenhower and Latin America: The Foreign Policy of Anticommunism. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1988. Pp. 237. $29.95 (us). Reviewed by Michael J. Francis. EDWARD A. OLSEN. US Policy and the Two Koreas. Boulder, Col. : Westview Press, 1988. Pp. xvii, 115. $11.95 (us). Reviewed by John W. Coogan. JON HALLIDAY and BRUCE CUMINGS. Korea: The Unknown War. London: Viking, 1988. Pp. 224. £14.95. Reviewed by John W. Coogan. ANTHONY CLARK AREND. Pursuing a Just and Durable Peace: John Foster Dulles and International Organization. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1988. Pp. x, 243. $39.95 (us). Reviewed by Marc Gallicchio. H. BASIL ROBINSON. Diefenbaker's World: A Populist in Foreign Affairs. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1989. Pp. xvii, 351. $29.95 (CAN). Reviewed by Doug Owram. MICHAEL NICHOLSON. Formal Theories in International Relations. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989. Pp. xiii, 254. $39.50 (us). Reviewed by Melvin Small. W.W. ROSTOW. Essays on a Half-Century: Ideas, Policies, and Action. Boulder, Col.: Westview Press, 1988. Pp. 190. $29.95 (us). Reviewed by Fraser Harbutt.

MARGARET C. MILLER. Athens and Persia in the Fifth Century BC: A Study in Cultural Receptivity. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997. Pp. xiv, 331.$100.00 (us). Reviewed by Paul Cartledge J. E. LENDON. Empire of Honour: The Art of Government in the Roman World. New York: Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, 1997. Pp. xii, 320. $108.00(CDN). Reviewed by T.D. Barnes YOUSSEF COURBAGE and PHILIPPE FARGUES. Christians and Jews under Islam, trans. Judy Mabro. London: I. B. Tauris, 1997; dist. New York: St Martin's Press.Pp. xiii, 242. $59.50 (us). Reviewed by Bruce Masters JANET L. NELSON. The Frankish World, 750-900. London: Hambledon Press,1996. Pp. xxxi, 256. $60.00 (us). Reviewed by David F. Appleby MATTHEW STRICKLAND. War and Chivalry: The Conduct and Perception of War inEngland and Normandy, 1066-1217. New York: Cambridge University Press,1996. Pp. xxii, 387. $69.95 (us). Reviewed by D.A. Carpenter ANDRE WINK. Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Volume II: The Slave Kings and the Islamic Conquest, 11th-13th Centuries. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1997. Pp. xii, 427. $137-50 (us). Reviewed by Richard M. Eaton ULRIKE KESSLER. Richard I Löwenherz: König, Kreuzritter, Abenteurer. Graz: VerlagStyria, 1995. Pp. 367. DM 58. Reviewed by John Gillingham WILLIAM CHESTER JORDAN. The Great Famine: Northern Europe in the EarlyFourteenth Century. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996. Pp. ix, 317.$16.95 (us), paper. Reviewed by John Langdon DAURIL ALDEN. The Making of an Enterprise: The Society of Jesus in Portugal, ItsEmpire, and Beyond, 1540-1750. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1996. Pp.xxxi, 707. $75.00 (us). Reviewed by Murdo J. MacLeod HENRY KAMEN. Philip of Spain. New Haven and London: Yale University Press,1997. Pp. xvi, 384. $35.00 (us). Reviewed by Charles J. Jago LESLEY B. CORMACK. Charting an Empire: Geography at the English Universities,1580-1620. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1997. Pp. xvi, 281.$23-95 (us), paper. Reviewed by D.R. Woolf JOHN A. LYNN. Giant of the Grand Siecle: The French Army, 1610-1715. New York:Cambridge University Press, 1997. Pp. xx, 651. $64.95 (us)- Reviewed by Richard Booney B. F. PORSHNEV. Muscovy and Sweden in the Thirty Years War, 1630-1635, trans.Brian Pearce; ed. Paul Dukes. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Pp.xxi, 256. $54-95 (us). Reviewed by Geoffrey Parker MARGARET DEACON. Scientists and the Sea, 1650-1900 : A Study of Marine Science, 2nd ed. Aldershot and Brookfield: Ashgate Publishing, 1997. Pp. xl, 459. $85.95(us). Reviewed by N.A.M. Rodger FRANCOIS CROUZET. Britain, France, and International Commerce: From Louis XIV to Victoria. Aldershot: Variorum, 1996; dist. Brookfield: Ashgate Publishing.Pp. xii, 312. $94-95 (us); Reviewed by David Hancock H. V. BOWEN. Elites, Enterprise, and the Making of the British Overseas Empire, 1688-1775. London: Macmillan, 1996; dist. New York: St Martin's Press. Pp. xiii,257-$59-95 (us). Reviewed by David Hancock LAURENCE HUEY BOLES, JR. The Huguenots, the Protestant Interest, and the War ofthe Spanish Succession, 1702-1714. New York: Peter Lang, 1997. Pp. x, 287. $46.95(us). Reviewed by John C. Rule ANTHONY CROSS. By the Banks of the Neva: Chapters from the Lives and Careers of the British in Eighteenth-Century Russia. New York: Cambridge University Press,1997. Pp. xv, 474. $80.00 (us). Reviewed by Janey Hartley S. ARASARATNAM. Maritime Commerce and English Power: Southeast India, 1750-1800. Aldershot: Variorum, 1996; dist. Brookfield, Ashgate Publishing. Pp. vii,326. $72.95 (us). Reviewed by Anthony Disney LAURENCE BROCKLISS and DAVID EASTWOOD, eds. A Union of Multiple Identities:The British Isles, c. 1750-c. 1850. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1997;dist. New York: St Martin's Press. Pp. xviii, 222. $69.95 (us)- Reviewed by Keith Robin WALTER A. MCDOUGALL. Promised Land, Crusader State: The American Encounterwith the World since 1776. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1997. Pp. xiii, 286.$26.00 (us). Reviewed by Frank Ninkovich JOSEPH R. FISCHER. A Well-Executed Failure: The Sullivan Campaign against the Iroquois, July-September 1779. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press,1997. Pp. x, 265. $29.95 (us). Reviewed by Robert S. Grumet JAN KŘEN. Die Konfliktgemeinschaft: Tschechen und Deutsche, 1780-1918. Munich: R. Oldenbourg Verlag, 1996. Pp. 404. DM 68; Reviewed by Karl F. Bahm RUDOLF JAWORSKI and ROBERT LUFT, eds. 1948/49 Revolutionen in Ostmittel-europa. Munich: R. Oldenbourg Verlag, 1996. Pp. 455. DM 98. Reviewed by Karl F. Bahm C. A. BAYLY. Empire and Information: Intelligence Gathering and Social Communicationin India, 1780-1870. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Pp.xiv, 412. $64.95 (us). Reviewed by Michael H. Fisher JENNIFER MORI. William Pitt and the French Revolution, 1785-1795. New York: StMartin's Press, 1997. Pp. xi, 305. $55.00 (us). Reviewed by J.E. Cookson JOSEPH K. ADJAYE. Diplomacy and Diplomats in 19th Century Asante. Trentonand Asmara: Africa World Press, 1996. Pp. xiv, 265. $18.95 (us) paper. Reviewed by Ivor Wiles ABBAS AMANAT. Pivot of the Universe: Nasir al-Din Shah Qajar and the IranianMonarchy, 1831-1896. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997. Pp. xix,536.$45.00 (us). Reviewed by Gavin R. G. Hambly JÖRG BRECHTEFELD. Mitteleuropa and German Politics: 1848 to the Present. London:Macmillan, 1996; dist. New York: St Martin's Press. Pp. vii, 195. $49.95 (us); Reviewed by Christian Leitz ROBERT MARK SPAULDING. Osthandel and Ostpolitik: German Foreign Trade Policiesin Eastern Europe from Bismarck to Adenauer. Providence: Berghahn Books,1997. Pp. xii, 546. $79.00 (us). Reviewed by Christian Leitz JOHN R. DAVIS. Britain and the German Zollverein, 1848-66. New York: St Martin'sPress, 1997. Pp. x, 238. $69.95 (us). Reviewed by John Clarke APOLLOS O. NWAUWA. Imperialism, Academe, and Nationalism: Britain and University Education for Africans, 1860-1960. London: Frank Cass, 1997; dist. Portland,Oreg.: ISBS. Pp. xix, 245. $49.50 (us). Reviewed by A. H. M. Kirk-Greene G. D. SHEFFIELD, ed. Leadership and Command: The Anglo-American Military Experiencesince 1861. London: Brassey's, 1997. Pp. xiii, 242. £25.00. Reviewed by John P. Campbell JAKOB VOGEL. Nationen im Gleichschritt: Der Kult der ←Nation in Waffen→ in Deutschland und Frankreich, 1871-1914. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht,1997. Pp. 404. DM 78. Reviewed by Thomas Rohkrämer DIETER BRÖTEL. Frankreich im Fernen Osten: Imperialistische Expansion undAspiration in Siam und Malaya, Laos, und China, 1880-1904. Stuttgart: FranzSteiner Verlag, 1996. Pp. xviii, 890. DM 198. Reviewed by Robert Lee H. L. WESSELING. Imperialism and Colonialism: Essays on the History of European Expansion. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1997. Pp. x, 212. $59-95 (us). Reviewed by William B. Cohen ROBERT COLE Propaganda in Twentieth Century War and Politics: An Annotated Bibliography. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 1996. Pp. xi, 402. $48.50 (us). Reviewed by Tony Shaw IAN CLARK. Globalization and Fragmentation: International Relations in the Twentieth Century. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. Pp. x, 220. $108.00(CDN). Reviewed by Richard Crockatt MARTIN EVANS and KEN LUNN, eds. War and Memory in the Twentieth Century. Oxford and New York: Berg, 1997. Pp. xxiii, 272. $19.50 (us), paper. Reviewed by David Thoms RAJEN HARSHE. Twentieth Century Imperialism: Shifting Contours and Changing Conceptions. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage, 1997. Pp. 276. $29.95 (us)- Reviewed by Robert Kubicek GOTTFRIED NIEDHART, DETLEF JUNKER, and MICHAEL W. RICHTER, eds. Deutschland in Europa: Nationale Interessen und Internationale Ordnung im 20. Jahrhundert. Mannheim: Palatium Verlag, 1997. Pp. xi, 402. DM 98. Reviewed by Ronald J. Granieri MICHAEL HUGHES. Inside the Enigma: British Officials in Russia, 1900-1939. London and Rio Grande: Hambledon Press, 1997. Pp. xi, 336. $55.00 (us). Reviewed by Dominic Leiven BRIAN MCALLISTER LINN. Guardians of Empire: The US Army and the Pacific, 1902-1940. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 1997;dist. Toronto: Scholarly Book Services. Pp. xvi, 343. $61.95 (CDN). Reviewed by J. Garry Clifford LIAN Xi. The Conversion of Missionaries: Liberalism in American Protestant Missionsin China, 1907-1932. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press,1997. Pp. xiv, 247. $38.50 (us). Reviewed by Daniel Y. K. Kwan HASAN KAYALI. Arabs and Young Turks: Ottomanism, Arabism, and lslamism inthe Ottoman Empire, 1908-1918. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997.Pp. xv, 291. $18.00 (us), paper. Reviewed by William L. Cleveland BOB REINALDA, ed. The International Transportworkers Federation, 1914-1948:The Edo Fimmen Era. Amsterdam: Stichting Beheer Internationaal Instituut voorSociale Geschiedenis, 1997. Pp. 301. NLG 62.50. Reviewed by Franklin Broeze JAMES S. CORUM. The Luftwaffe: Creating the Operational Air War, 1918-1940. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1997. Pp. ix, 378. $39.95 (us). Reviewed by John H. Morrow, Jr. EPHRAIM MAISEL. The Foreign Office and Foreign Policy, 1919-1926. Brighton:Sussex Academic Press, 1994. Pp. xi, 323. $54.95 (us); Reviewed by Briton C. Busch BÜLENT GÖKAY. A Clash of Empires: Turkey between Russian Bolshevism and British Imperialism, 1918-1923. London and New York: I. B. Tauris, 1997; dist. NewYork: St Martin's Press. Pp. x, 268. $59.50 (us). Reviewed by Briton C. Busch BRIAN G. MARTIN. The Shanghai Green Gang: Politics and Organized Crime, 1919-1937. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996. Pp. x, 314. $40.00 (us). Reviewed by Poshek Fu J. F. V. KEIGER. Raymond Poincaré. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997. Pp. x, 413. $64.95 (us). Reviewed by Martin Thomas M. L. R. SMITH. Fighting for Ireland? The Military Strategy of the Irish Republican Movement. London and New York: Routledge, 1997. Pp. xxvii, 265. $18.95(us), paper. Reviewed by Alan O'Day PHILIPP GASSERT. Amerika im Dritten Reich: Ideologie, Propaganda und Volksmeinung 1933-1945. Stuttg