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The Sm–Nd isotope systematics and geochemistry of eclogitic, websteritic and peridotitic garnet and clinopyroxene inclusions together with characteristics of their corresponding diamond hosts are presented for the Letlhakane mine, Botswana. These data are supplemented with new inclusion data from the nearby (20–30 km) Orapa and Damtshaa mines to evaluate the nature and scale of diamond-forming processes beneath the NW part of the Kalahari Craton and to provide insight into the evolution of the deep carbon cycle. The Sm–Nd isotope compositions of the diamond inclusions indicate five well-defined, discrete eclogitic and websteritic diamond-forming events in the Orapa kimberlite cluster at 220 ± 80 Ma, 746 ± 100 Ma, 1110 ± 64 Ma, 1698 ± 280 Ma and 2341 ± 21 Ma. In addition, two poorly constrained events suggest ancient eclogitic (> 2700 Ma) and recent eclogitic and websteritic diamond formation (< 140 Ma). Together with sub-calcic garnets from two harzburgitic diamonds that have Archaean Nd mantle model ages (TCHUR) between 2.86 and 3.38 Ga, the diamonds studied here span almost the entire temporal evolution of the SCLM of the Kalahari Craton. The new data demonstrate, for the first time, that diamond formation occurs simultaneously and episodically in different parageneses, reflecting metasomatism of the compositionally heterogeneous SCLM beneath the area (~ 200 km2). Diamond formation can be directly related to major tectono-magmatic events that impacted the Kalahari Craton such as crustal accretion, continental breakup and large igneous provinces. Compositions of dated inclusions, in combination with marked variations in the carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions of the host diamonds, record mixing arrays between a minimum of three components (A: peridotitic mantle; B: eclogites dominated by mafic material; C: eclogites that include recycled sedimentary material). Diamond formation appears dominated by local fluid–rock interactions involving different protoliths in the SCLM. Redistribution of carbon during fluid–rock interactions generally masks any potential temporal changes of the deep carbon cycle.

IntroductionDeficient emotion regulation is a common and impairing area of difficulty among children and adolescents with externalizing disorders. Emotion focused cognitive behavioral therapy ECBT is a form of CBT that is suggested to be employed to improve dysregulation of anxiety and other kind of emotions in anxious youth.ObjectivesExamine the efficacy of an Emotion-focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (ECBT) inspired program on emotional regulation difficulties and behavioral problems in children and adolescents with externalizing disordersMethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional comparative experimental study. Subjects were 50 patients exhibiting behavioral disorders aged 9 to 18 years , with a diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD).Participants were assigned to ECBT and control groups. ECBT group contributed in 12-h weekly sessions within ECBT-inspired program. The control group received standard care. To assess emotion-related competencies, children were administered the emotion regulation questionnaire (ERQ-CA) and the alexithymia questionnaire for children(AQC). Parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL) to measure youth externalizing problems. Tests were administered in pre- and post-test to all subjects. Both groups were matched for age, sex and educationnal level. Comparison of pre- and post-test results was performed using the Student’s t-test.ResultsECBT demonstrated a significant difference in the reduction of behavioral problems. ECBT effectively increased adaptive emotion regulation strategies (cognitive reappraisal) in the post-test. ECBT also reduced alexithymia scores, particularly difficulty identifying feelings, and externally oriented thinking.ConclusionsECBT demonstrated promising initial effectiveness in addressing emotion regulation deficits of children with externalizing behaviorsDisclosureNo significant relationships.

IntroductionExternalizing disorders involve undercontrolled, impulsive, or aggressive behavior. Included in this category are Conduct Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Attention deficit hyperactivity. Difficulties with emotion regulation are a core feature of externalizing disorders in children and adolescents. Yet, no studies to date have compared the relative efficacy of an ECBT program in this population.Objectivesto investigate the effectiveness of an ECBT inspired program in children and adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Conduct Disorder (CD) and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)MethodsWe conducted an experimental study with a pretest posttest design and a control group. 50 subjects with either ADHD, ODD or CD were selected and assigned to the experimental and control group. 25 patients ages 9–18 (13 boys, 12 girls) were enrolled in the ECBT-inspired program with 19 completing treatment. Comparison of pre- and post-test results for each sub-group was performed using the Wilcoxon test.Resultsshowed that youths in the ADHD and ODD groups demonstrated a significant reduction in externalizing behavior problems measured by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). In terms of emotional regulation, only the group of patients with ODD showed a significant improvement in the cognitive reappraisal subscale of the emotional regulation questionnaire(ERQ- CA ). Only in the ODD group, significant improvement was found in the identification and external oriented thniking subscale scores of the alexithymia questionnaire for children (AQC).ConclusionsSuch comparisons are necessary to determine the clinical profile of patients who might most benefit from such an intervention.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic rheumatic disease of unknown aetiology in childhood. Approximately 40- 60% of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) have continuous or recurrent disease activity extending into adulthood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical, biological and radiological course of JIA in adulthood. A retrospective study including 35 patients was conducted between 2010 and 2019. The patients enrolled met the ILAR criteria for the diagnosis of JIA. Patients with JIA older than 20 years were included. Data regarding sociodemographic features, Physical growth, disease activity, biological and radiological parameters were analysed. Thirty one patients were recruited. The sex ratio was 0.53. The mean age at the time of the study was 38.9 years [20-69]. The mean age of the disease onset was 9 years [3-16]. These patients were assigned to discrete JIA categories: rheumatoid factor positive polyarthritis (47.7%), rheumatoid factor negative polyarthritis (23.9%), oligoarthritis (14.2%), enthesitis-related arthritis (9.5%), and psoriatic arthritis (4.7%).A failure to thrive was seen in 33.3% of patients. Overweight and obesity were found in 38% and 19% of patients, respectively. Biological inflammatory syndrome was noted in 52% of patients, and 65.2% had active disease. Hip involvement was noted in 43.5% of patients and 17.4% of them had a total hip replacement. Sixteen patients had neck pain and the imagining showed an atloid-axoid dislocation in 50% of them. Radiographs showed a joint destruction in 60.9% of patients and a wrist arthritis was the most frequent involvement. Most of our included patients maintain active disease and have functional impairment in adulthood. None declared

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a heterogeneous group of diseases that have in common an onset before the age of 16 years, more than 6-month duration, and the presence of arthritis for at least 6 weeks with no identifiable cause. Hips are the commonly affected joints in severe destructive JIA. Hip disease develops in 20% to 50% of children with JIA. We aimed to analyze the epidemiological, clinical, and radiological aspects of hip involvement in Tunisian JIA. A retrospective study including 35 patients was conducted between 2010 and 2019. The patients enrolled met the ILAR criteria for the diagnosis of JIA. Clinical, biological and radiological parameters relating to the hip involvement were collected. Thirty-five patients were enrolled. The mean age of the disease onset was 9 years [3-15]. The mean age of the patients at the time of the study was 37.8 years [17-69]. The mean duration of the disease was 27 years [2- 56]. These patients were assigned to discrete JIA categories: rheumatoid factor positive polyarthritis (43.5%), rheumatoid factor negative polyarthritis (21.7%), enthesitis-related arthritis (17.4%), oligoarthritis (13%) and psoriatic arthritis (4.4%). A biological inflammatory syndrome was noted in 52% of patients. Hip involvement was noted in 43.5% of patients. Coxitis occurred on average 15 years after the JIA onset [[4-37]. Thirty four percent of the patients had bilateral hip involvement. The mean Lequesne index was 14. Joint space narrowing and erosions were noted in respectively 68% and 34% of cases. The majority of patients (82.6%) received medical treatment combining nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and rehabilitation. In the other cases, a total hip replacement was necessary. Coxitis was significantly correlated with rheumatoid factor positive polyarthritis subtype (p=0.02) and with the presence of biological inflammatory syndrome (p=0.03). Hip involvement is a major and highly prevalent issue in our JIA patients. None declared

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic rheumatic disease in children. In contrast to adult rheumatoid arthritis, where numerous studies have shown a high prevalence of involvement of the cervical spine, few studies have been published examining this entity in JIA. We aimed to analyze clinical and radiological findings of cervical spine involvement in patients with JIA. A retrospective study including 35 patients was conducted between 2010 and 2019. The patients enrolled met the ILAR criteria for the diagnosis of JIA. Clinical, biological, and radiological data were collected. Patients had a radiological evaluation that included cervical spine x-rays in antero-posterior, lateral and lateral views with flexion. Thirty-five patients were enrolled. The mean age of the disease onset was 9 years [3-15]. The mean age of the patients at the time of the study was 37.8 years [17-69]. The mean duration of the disease was 27 years [2-56]. These patients were assigned to discrete JIA categories: rheumatoid factor positive polyarthritis (43.5%), rheumatoid factor negative polyarthritis (21.7%), enthesitis-related arthritis (17.4%), oligoarthritis (13%) and psoriatic arthritis (4.4%). Sixteen patients (45%) reported neck pain. Cervical spine involvement occurred on average 7 years [0-13] after the JIA onset. Cervical spine radiographs showed anterior atlantoaxial subluxation (> 5mm) in 8 patients. Magnetic-resonance imagining was performed in 9 patients that had abnormal neurological examination showing a pannus formation of C1-C2 junction (3 cases), a basilar invagination (4 cases) and erosions of the odontoid process (2 cases). A cervical collar has been used for immobilization in patients with significant cervical spine damage. A C1-C2 arthrodesis was proposed to 4 patients. These findings suggest that the presence of cervical involvement in JIA patients is frequent. Radiologic assessment of cervical spine should be systematically performed for early detection and to prevent its complications. None declared

Background:Comorbidities can be associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA). This association can be fortuitous but can also be secondary to rheumatism itself or to the effects of the treatments used. These comorbidities can worsen the disease and even increase patient mortality.Objectives:To assess the prevalence of comorbidities in RA or SpA patients from the Tunisian BIologics National Registry (BINAR) and to focus on their influence on the disease activity.Methods:BINAR is a multicenter non-interventional and prospective study, conducted in Tunisia with 80 rheumatologists over a period of three years. It included patients with RA (ACR / EULAR 2010 criteria) or SpA (ASAS 2009 criteria). Data were collected and analyzed through an electronic platform managed by DACIMA. They included demographic data, smoking status and types of comorbidities (cardiovascular disease, diabetes, dyslipidemia, osteoporosis, high blood pressure (HBP), neoplasia, gastrointestinal ulcer, depression and fibromyalgia). RA activity was evaluated by the DAS28-VS score and SpA activity by the BASDAI and ASDAS-CRP scores.Results:We included 298 patients (175 PR and 123 SpA) making the mean sex ratio 0.6 and mean age 49.18 years ± 14.1 [18-79]. Mean BMI was 27.0 ± 5.5 kg / m2 [15 -45] and 17.7% of the patients were current smokers. Concerning disease activity, mean DAS28-VS in RA was at 4.9 ± 1.5 [1.1 - 8.1 and mean BASDAI and ASDAS-CRP, in SpA, were respectively 4.1 ± 1.8 and 2.8 ± 1.1. Comorbidities were noted in 54% of patients (62.1% in SpA and 37.9% in RA), with an average of 1.7 comorbidities per patient.The most common comorbidities were osteoporosis (38.8%), cardiovascular disease (20.1%), diabetes (16.8%), HBP (18.1%), dyslipidemia (6.7%) and GIU (6.0%). Depression, fibromyalgia and neoplasia were mentioned in 1.7%, 1% and 1%, respectively.No correlation was found between the number of comorbidities and the activity level of RA: DAS28-VS (p=0.12), nor the activity level of SpA: BASDAI(p=0.07), ASDAS-CRP(p=0.15). Correlations were studied between each comorbidity and activity disease parameters of RA and SpA, they are specified in Table 1. We found that only the presence of osteoporosis was associated with SpA activity, (ASDAS-CRP; p = 0.02).Tableau n°1:Relation between comorbidities and the disease activity parameters of rheumatoid arthritis and SpondyloarthritisDAS 28 ESRBASDAIASDAS CRPDiabetesp = 0.737p = 0.633p = 0.652High Blood pressurep = 0.252p = 0.998p = 0.323Obesityp = 0.565p = 0.585p = 0.904Dyslipidemiap = 0.332p = 0.349p = 0.997Osteoporosisp = 0.372p = 0.989p = 0.020Gastrointestinal ulcerp = 0.829p = 0.286p = 0.910DAS: disease activity score; BASDAI: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index; ASDAS: Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity ScoreConclusion:According to this study, in patients with RA and SpA associated comorbidities may occur more frequently than expected (54%). However, they had no relation to the activity of the disease according to their frequencies or their types, except osteoporosis which was significantly associated with the SpA activity. Identifying these comorbidities may affect the management and treatment decisions for these patients to ensure an optimal clinical outcome.Acknowledgments:noneDisclosure of Interests:None declared

IntroductionLes conduites suicidaires sont en augmentation en Tunisie et touchent une population de plus en plus jeune. Le but de notre étude était de décrire le profil sociodémographique et clinique des tentatives de suicide chez l'enfant et l'adolescent.MéthodesCette étude était transversale et descriptive, incluant 50 suicidants, recrutés au service de pédopsychiatrie de l'Hôpital Razi de la Manouba et dans deux services de réanimation et de pédiatrie de Tunis, entre juillet 2012 et juin 2013. Ont été relevés les facteurs sociodémographiques et cliniques, les antécédents de maltraitance, la scolarité, les caractéristiques de la TS, l'intentionnalité suicidaire évaluée par le Suicide Intent Scale, et les troubles psychopathologiques à l'aide du Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview.RésultatsLe sex-ratio était de 0,56, la moyenne d'âge était de 12,4 ans avec des extrêmes de 7 à 16 ans. Un échec ou un fléchissement scolaire a concerné 86% des suicidants. Dans 38% des cas il s'agissait de récidive; des antécédents d'automutilations ont été retrouvés dans les mêmes proportions. Un contexte de maltraitance a été signalé dans 46% des cas. L'ingestion médicamenteuse était le moyen le plus fréquent, les psychotropes étant les plus représentés. Une différence significative entre le genre a été retrouvée dans le recours aux moyens suicidaires, ainsi les garçons ont eu davantage recours aux moyens physiques (p=0,04) et les filles aux intoxications (p=0,001). L'intentionnalité suicidaire était élevée dans 44%. Un épisode dépressif majeur et le trouble de l'adaptation étaient les troubles les plus fréquemment retrouvés dans respectivement 58% et 24% des cas.ConclusionLes troubles dépressifs et la maltraitance se dégagent comme des facteurs de risque des TS chez les enfants et les adolescents, ces facteurs doivent être pris en considération dans les stratégies de prévention du suicide dans cette population.

// ABSTRACT IN FRENCH: Cette étude s'intéresse aux facteurs explicatifs des décisions d'identification des incorporels acquis lors de regroupements d'entreprises. Elle porte sur un échantillon de regroupements initiés sur le marché français pendant la période 2005-2006 et comptabilisés selon le référentiel IFRS. Les résultats révèlent que les choix comptables des groupes français, au moment de l'allocation du coût d'acquisition, résultent d'un arbitrage entre la volonté de maximiser les résultats futurs et celle de minimiser le risque de dépréciation des incorporels non amortissables. Reproduced by permission of Bibliothèque de Sciences Po

Cette étude s’intéresse aux facteurs explicatifs des décisions d’identification des incorporels acquis lors de regroupements d’entreprises. Elle porte sur un échantillon de regroupements initiés sur le marché français pendant la période 2005-2006 et comptabilisés selon le référentiel IFRS. Les résultats révèlent que les choix comptables des groupes français, au moment de l’allocation du coût d’acquisition, résultent d’un arbitrage entre la volonté de maximiser les résultats futurs et celle de minimiser le risque de dépréciation des incorporels non amortissables. Recognition of intangible assets in business combinations This study investigates acquirers’ strategy of purchase price allocation between intangible assets upon the completion of acquisitions. The empirical study is based on a sample of business combinations initiated on the French market during the period 2005-2006 and accounted for under IFRS. Our results indicate that accounting choices of French acquirers are at the heart of a trade-off between the will to maximize post-acquisition earnings and the desire to minimize the impairment risk of non-amortizable intangibles.