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"Bowler, C."
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Trading the fixed income, inflation and credit markets : a relative value guide
\"In this book, the authors give an applied approach to relative value techniques, showing readers how to decide on the best place to put their money in order to get the best return. They cover multiple asset classes - fixed income, commodities and equities although the main focus is fixed income. They cover products that are rarely documented such as CMS floaters and structured interest and credit products. The initial part of the book will consider the main derivative products and their pricing interrelationships. It argues that within any asset class there are mathematical relationships that tie together four key building blocks: cash products, forwards / futures, swaps and options. The nature of these interrelationships means that there may be a variety of different ways in which a particular strategy can be expressed. The second part of the book will be focused primarily on relative value within a fixed income context and will look at strategies that build on the pricing relationships between products as well as those that focus on how to identify the optimal way to express a view on the movement of the yield curve. The third part of the book will take the main themes of relative value and show how they could be applied within other asset classes. \"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Tara Oceans studies plankton at PLANETARY SCALE
The ocean is the largest ecosystem on Earth, and yet we know very little about it. This is particularly true for the plankton that inhabit the ocean. Although these organisms are at least as important for the Earth system as the rainforests and form the base of marine food webs, most plankton are invisible to the naked eye and thus are largely uncharacterized. To study this invisible world, the multinational Tara Oceans consortium, with use of the 110-foot research schooner Tara, sampled microscopic plankton at 210 sites and depths up to 2000 m in all the major oceanic regions during expeditions from 2009 through 2013 (1).
Journal Article
An Intranet of Things approach for adaptable control of behavioral and navigation-based experiments
Investigators conducting behavioral experiments often need precise control over the timing of the delivery of stimuli to subjects and to collect precise times of subsequent behavioral responses. Furthermore, investigators want fine-tuned control over how various multi-modal cues are presented. behaviorMate takes an ‘Intranet of Things’ approach, using a networked system of hardware and software components for achieving these goals. The system outputs a file with integrated timestamp–event pairs that investigators can then format and process using their own analysis pipelines. We present an overview of the electronic components and GUI application that make up behaviorMate as well as mechanical designs for compatible experimental rigs to provide the reader with the ability to set up their own system. A wide variety of paradigms are supported, including goal-oriented learning, random foraging, and context switching. We demonstrate behaviorMate’s utility and reliability with a range of use cases from several published studies and benchmark tests. Finally, we present experimental validation demonstrating different modalities of hippocampal place field studies. Both treadmill with burlap belt and virtual reality with running wheel paradigms were performed to confirm the efficacy and flexibility of the approach. Previous solutions rely on proprietary systems that may have large upfront costs or present frameworks that require customized software to be developed. behaviorMate uses open-source software and a flexible configuration system to mitigate both concerns. behaviorMate has a proven record for head-fixed imaging experiments and could be easily adopted for task control in a variety of experimental situations.
Journal Article
Microbiology and visual outcomes of culture-positive bacterial endophthalmitis in Oxford, UK
Purpose
To review the microbiology of culture-positive cases of bacterial endophthalmitis, and to correlate this with visual outcomes.
Method
Case notes were reviewed for culture-positive cases of bacterial endophthalmitis over a period from November 1999 to June 2012. Cases were identified retrospectively using a local database. The Fisher exact test was used for statistical analysis.
Results
Of the 47 cases of culture-positive bacterial endophthalmitis identified, 81 % occurred postoperatively, 11 % followed intravitreal injection, 6 % had an endogenous source and 2 % followed ocular trauma. Eighty-seven percent of bacteria cultured were Gram-positive. The most commonly identified organisms were coagulase-negative Staphylococci (47 %) and
Streptococcus spp
. (30 %). Patients were treated with intravitreal vancomycin and either amikacin or ceftazidime. All Gram-negative isolates were sensitive to aminoglycosides and ceftazidime, and all Gram-positive isolates were vancomycin-sensitive. Final visual acuity (VA) was 6/12 or better in 41 % of cases and counting fingers (CF) or worse in 30 %. Endophthalmitis caused by
Streptococcus spp.
was associated with a poorer final VA (OR for CF or worse = 14.9,
P
< 0.01). Cases caused by
coagulase-negative Staphylococci
had a better visual outcome (OR for VA of 6/12 or better = 5.7,
P
= 0.013). Five eyes were eviscerated or enucleated. Infection with
Haemophilus influenzae
was strongly associated with this outcome (OR = 57,
P
< 0.01).
Conclusion
Over the time period of this study there was no evidence of emerging resistance to empirical antibiotics which are commonly used for the treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis. Infection with coagulase-negative Staphylococci was associated with a good visual outcome, whilst infection with
Streptococcus spp.
or
Haemophilus influenzae
was associated with a poor visual outcome.
Journal Article
Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus meningitis—a case report and review of the literature
A case is described of a 79-year-old man, trampled by his horses, who subsequently developed a wound infection and, later, meningitis.
Streptococcus equi
subsp.
zooepidemicus
was isolated as the causative organism.
S. equi
subsp.
zooepidemicus
, which carries the Lancefield Group C antigen, is an uncommon human pathogen but is commonly isolated from bacterial infections in animals, particularly horses. It is most commonly acquired by humans following animal contact. A review of the literature identified 20 previously described cases of
S. equi
subsp.
zooepidemicus
meningitis. Crude mortality following infection was 24%. All of the patients who died were over 70 years of age and the ingestion of unpasteurised dairy products was associated with all but one of the fatal cases. Hearing loss was a frequent complication, occurring in 19% of cases. Only 38% of patients made a complete recovery. Treatment regimes commonly included benzylpenicillin or a third-generation cephalosporin, with a mean treatment duration in survivors of 23 days.
Journal Article
In vitro antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial keratitis isolates in Oxford, UK: a 10-year review
Purpose
To analyse the spectrum of bacterial keratitis isolates and their
in vitro
antibiotic susceptibilities over a 10-year period in Oxford, UK; and to compare the
in vitro
efficacy of ciprofloxacin with that of the combination of gentamicin and cefuroxime over the same period.
Methods
All culture-positive corneal scrapes received from the Oxford Eye Hospital between July 1999 and June 2009 were identified retrospectively using a local microbiology database. For analysis of trends over time, the data was split into two equal 5-year periods. Statistical analysis was done using the
χ
2
and Fisher exact tests.
Results
Over the 10-year study period, 467 corneal scrapes were performed of which 252 (54.0%) had positive bacterial cultures, growing a total of 267 organisms. The most commonly isolated bacteria were
Staphylococci
(40.1%) followed by
Pseudomonas
species (28.5%), other Gram-negative species (17.2%),
Streptococci
(7.1%), and
Corynebacteria
(6.0%). Between the first and second time periods there was an increase in the number of coagulase-negative
Staphylococci
and an increased resistance of the non-Pseudomonas Gram-negative group to chloramphenicol. Of the 189 isolates tested for sensitivity to both empirical antibiotic regimens, 176 (93.2%) were susceptible to ciprofloxacin whereas 188 (99.5%) were susceptible to either gentamicin or cefuroxime (
P
=0.0015).
Conclusions
The spectrum of bacterial keratitis isolates and their
in vitro
antibiotic sensitivity patterns have generally remained stable over time. The combination of gentamicin and cefuroxime provides a broader spectrum of antimicrobial cover than ciprofloxacin monotherapy in Oxford, although both regimens continue to be appropriate choices for the initial management of this condition.
Journal Article
Chloroplast-mitochondria cross-talk in diatoms
Diatoms are unicellular, mainly photosynthetic, eukaryotes living within elaborate silicified cell walls and believed to be responsible for around 40% of global primary productivity in the oceans. Their abundance in aquatic ecosystems is such that they have on different occasions been described as the insects, the weeds, or the cancer cells of the ocean. In contrast to higher plants and green algae which derive from a primary endosymbiosis, diatoms are now believed to originate from a serial secondary endosymbiosis involving both green and red algae and a heterotrophic exosymbiont host. As a consequence of their dynamic evolutionary history, they appear to have red algal-derived chloroplasts empowered largely by green algal proteins, working alongside mitochondria derived from the non-photosynthetic exosymbiont. This review will discuss the evidence for such an unusual assemblage of organelles in diatoms, and will present the evidence implying that it has enabled them with unorthodox metabolisms that may have contributed to their profound ecological success.
Journal Article
Have We Made Progress? Interprofessional Diversity Within Faculty and Course Directors of Continuous Professional Development Courses Pre- and Post-Joint Accreditation
This study aimed to quantify the impact of joint accreditation on the prevalence of physician and non-physician continuous professional development (CPD) course directors(CDs) and faculty.
CPD CDs and faculty credentials were collected in 2017 (one-year pre-joint accreditation) and 2022 (one-year post-joint accreditation), using electronic and manual data extraction. CPD CDs and faculty were grouped into physician and non-physician cohorts for the quantitative analysis.
A significant increase in the number of non-physician CDs was observed from 2017 (11.3%) to 2022 (22.5%). There were significantly more non-physician faculty at non-physician-focused courses (8.7 ± 8.1 faculty compared to 2.6 ± 4.1 at physician-focused conferences, p = 0.003) with a large effect size, Cohen's
= -1.32 [95% CI -1.8, -0.9]. Finally, while physicians had statistically higher faculty scores for all three measurements (p < 0.001), the effect sizes were small (Cohen's
ranging 0.18-0.20).
Increased diversity in CDs and faculty was noted when comparing pre- and post-joint accreditation suggesting compliance with joint accreditation standards and the growing emphasis on team-based healthcare. Future research is needed to investigate barriers to CPD participation as CDs and faculty for both physician and non-physician healthcare team members. Additional research will continue to help expand diverse professional representation among CDs and faculty within CPD courses.
Journal Article
Tara Pacific Expedition’s Atmospheric Measurements of Marine Aerosols across the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
Marine aerosols play a significant role in the global radiative budget, in clouds’ processes, and in the chemistry of the marine atmosphere. There is a critical need to better understand their production mechanisms, composition, chemical properties, and the contribution of ocean-derived biogenic matter to their mass and number concentration. Here we present an overview of a new dataset of in situ measurements of marine aerosols conducted over the 2.5-yr Tara Pacific Expedition over 110,000 km across the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Preliminary results are presented here to describe the new dataset that will be built using this novel set of measurements. It will characterize marine aerosols properties in detail and will open a new window to study the marine aerosol link to the water properties and environmental conditions.
Journal Article
Step-changes in the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the Gulf of Maine, as documented by the GNATS time series
We identify step-changes in the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the Gulf of Maine (GoM) using the Gulf of Maine North Atlantic Time Series (GNATS), a series of oceanographic measurements obtained between September 1998 and December 2010 along a transect in the GoM running from Portland, ME, to Yarmouth, NS. GNATS sampled a period of extremes in precipitation and river discharge (4 of the 8 wettest years of the last century occurred between 2005 and 2010). Coincident with increased precipitation, we observed the following shifts: (1) decreased salinity and density within the surface waters of the western GoM; (2) both reduced temperature and vertical temperature gradients in the upper 50 m; (3) increased colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) concentrations and particle scattering in the western GoM; (4) increased concentrations of nitrate and phosphate across all but the eastern GoM; (5) increased silicate, particularly in the western GoM, with a sharp increase in the ratio of silicate to dissolved inorganic nitrogen; (6) sharply decreased carbon fixation by phytoplankton; (7) moderately decreased chlorophyll, particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) in the central GoM and (8) decreased POC- and PIC-specific growth rates. Gulf-wide anomaly analyses suggest that (1) the surface density changes were predominantly driven by temperature, (2) dissolved nutrients, as well as POC/PON, varied in Redfield ratios and (3) anomalies for salinity, density, CDOM, particle backscattering and silicate were significantly correlated with river discharge. Precipitation and river discharge appear to be playing a critical role in controlling the long-term productivity of the Gulf of Maine by supplying CDOM and detrital material, which ultimately competes with phytoplankton for light absorption.
Journal Article