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"Boyden, Linda"
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WEIRD FISH
A seahorse is a strange kind of fish that lives in warm, shallow water all around the world. Seahorses can be as long as a big foot or as small as a thumbprint.
Magazine Article
Weird Fish
Did you know that seahorse dads have the babies? \"No other animal does that. A seahorse mom puts her eggs into the dad's brood pouch. Then in about a month, nearly 200 seahorse babies are born and swim away on their own.\" (U.S. KIDS) Learn many seahorse facts and find out why these gentle creatures are in danger.
Magazine Article
A toolbox of Cre-dependent optogenetic transgenic mice for light-induced activation and silencing
This study describes the generation of knock-in mouse lines that express optogenetic activators or silencers in a CRE recombinase–dependent manner, and demonstrates the reliability and utility of these tools with
in vivo
and
ex vivo
light-induced activation and silencing of neuronal activity.
Cell type–specific expression of optogenetic molecules allows temporally precise manipulation of targeted neuronal activity. Here we present a toolbox of four knock-in mouse lines engineered for strong, Cre-dependent expression of channelrhodopsins ChR2-tdTomato and ChR2-EYFP, halorhodopsin eNpHR3.0 and archaerhodopsin Arch-ER2. All four transgenes mediated Cre-dependent, robust activation or silencing of cortical pyramidal neurons
in vitro
and
in vivo
upon light stimulation, with ChR2-EYFP and Arch-ER2 demonstrating light sensitivity approaching that of
in utero
or virally transduced neurons. We further show specific photoactivation of parvalbumin-positive interneurons in behaving ChR2-EYFP reporter mice. The robust, consistent and inducible nature of our ChR2 mice represents a significant advance over previous lines, and the Arch-ER2 and eNpHR3.0 mice are to our knowledge the first demonstration of successful conditional transgenic optogenetic silencing. When combined with the hundreds of available Cre driver lines, this optimized toolbox of reporter mice will enable widespread investigations of neural circuit function with unprecedented reliability and accuracy.
Journal Article
A scoping review of wildfire smoke risk communications: issues, gaps, and recommendations
Background
Wildfire smoke exposure has become a growing public health concern, as megafires and fires at the wildland urban interface increase in incidence and severity. Smoke contains many pollutants that negatively impact health and is linked to a number of health complications and chronic diseases. Communicating effectively with the public, especially at-risk populations, to reduce their exposure to this environmental pollutant has become a public health priority.
Although wildfire smoke risk communication research has also increased in the past decade, best practice guidance is limited, and most health communications do not adhere to health literacy principles: readability, accessibility, and actionability. This scoping review identifies peer-reviewed studies about wildfire smoke risk communications to identify gaps in research and evaluation of communications and programs that seek to educate the public.
Methods
Four hundred fifty-one articles were identified from Web of Science and PubMed databases. After screening, 21 articles were included in the final sample for the abstraction process and qualitative thematic analysis. Ten articles were based in the US, with the other half in Australia, Canada, Italy, and other countries. Fifteen articles examined communication materials and messaging recommendations. Eight papers described communication delivery strategies. Eleven articles discussed behavior change. Six articles touched on risk communications for vulnerable populations; findings were limited and called for increasing awareness and prioritizing risk communications for at-risk populations.
Results
This scoping review found limited studies describing behavior change to reduce wildfire smoke exposure, characteristics of effective communication materials and messaging, and communication delivery strategies. Literature on risk communications, dissemination, and behavior change for vulnerable populations was even more limited.
Conclusions
Recommendations include providing risk communications that are easy-to-understand and adapted to specific needs of at-risk groups. Communications should provide a limited number of messages that include specific actions for avoiding smoke exposure. Effective communications should use mixed media formats and a wide variety of dissemination strategies. There is a pressing need for more intervention research and effectiveness evaluation of risk communications about wildfire smoke exposure, and more development and dissemination of risk communications for both the general public and vulnerable populations.
Journal Article
Vibratory Urticaria Associated with a Missense Variant in ADGRE2
A variant in
ADGRE2,
encoding an adhesion G-protein–coupled receptor, is associated with vibratory urticaria. The variant probably causes disease; if so, it is likely to do so by weakening an autoinhibitory mechanism of the receptor.
Physical urticarias are disorders in which localized hives develop in response to any of various stimuli.
1
The histamine release that is associated with urticarias has implicated aberrant degranulation of mast cells in their pathogenesis.
2
Isolated or syndromic cold urticaria can be caused by variants in
NLRP3,
3
which encodes a component of the inflammasome signaling complex, or in
PLCG2,
4
which encodes a regulatory phospholipase. Otherwise, no pathogenic variants underlying physical urticarias have been identified.
ADGRE2
encodes a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF)–seven transmembrane (TM7) subclass of adhesion G-protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs); the ADGRE2 protein has an N-terminal extracellular . . .
Journal Article
Safety in operating theatres
Work in progress is reported for a research project aiming to improve multiprofessional teamworking in operating theatres through iterative educational intervention. Experimental design is combined with collaborative inquiry. The hypothesis is: will planned, complex educational intervention focused upon improving communication in teamwork lead to better patient safety? The project is embedded in a wider educational agenda promoting democratic working practices, and this is reflected in the participative inquiry aspect of the research where operating theatre staff take ownership of the project through establishing common meanings for \"good practice\". The cohort involves 300 personnel (surgeons, anaesthetists, nurses and support staff) spread across two theatre complexes (11 theatres in total) in a large UK hospital. The focus of this paper is necessarily upon design and methodology, as the first data set is being gathered and analysed at the time of writing. Future papers will focus upon results and offer conclusions and recommendations.
Journal Article
Safety in operating theatres
Work in progress is reported for a research project aiming to improve multiprofessional teamworking in operating theatres through iterative educational intervention. Experimental design is combined with collaborative inquiry. The hypothesis is: will planned, complex educational intervention focused upon improving communication in teamwork lead to better patient safety? The project is embedded in a wider educational agenda promoting democratic working practices, and this is reflected in the participative inquiry aspect of the research where operating theatre staff take ownership of the project through establishing common meanings for \"good practice\". The cohort involves 300 personnel (surgeons, anaesthetists, nurses and support staff) spread across two theatre complexes (11 theatres in total) in a large UK hospital. The focus of this paper is necessarily upon design and methodology, as the first data set is being gathered and analysed at the time of writing. Future papers will focus upon results and offer conclusions and recommendations.
Journal Article
A suite of transgenic driver and reporter mouse lines with enhanced brain cell type targeting and functionality
Modern genetic approaches are powerful in providing access to diverse types of neurons within the mammalian brain and greatly facilitating the study of their function. We here report a large set of driver and reporter transgenic mouse lines, including 23 new driver lines targeting a variety of cortical and subcortical cell populations and 26 new reporter lines expressing an array of molecular tools. In particular, we describe the TIGRE2.0 transgenic platform and introduce Cre-dependent reporter lines that enable optical physiology, optogenetics, and sparse labeling of genetically-defined cell populations. TIGRE2.0 reporters broke the barrier in transgene expression level of single-copy targeted-insertion transgenesis in a wide range of neuronal types, along with additional advantage of a simplified breeding strategy compared to our first-generation TIGRE lines. These novel transgenic lines greatly expand the repertoire of high-precision genetic tools available to effectively identify, monitor, and manipulate distinct cell types in the mouse brain.
Paper
Surgical Team Self-Review: Enhancing Organisational Learning in the Royal Cornwall Hospital Trust
The wider team's professional and organisational learning would therefore be lost to the detriment of future patient safety. The UK Governmental report in 2000 into learning from adverse events within the National Health Service (NHS) stated that too often in the past we have witnessed tragedies which could have been avoided had the lessons of past experience been properly learned. In response to this recommendation, QinetiQ has been working with the Royal Cornwall Hospital (RCH), Truro, to develop and trial a series of tools that enable surgical teams to review and enhance performance. Prior to conducting a surgical procedure this team does not usually engage in any pre-briefing activity. A teamwork model was developed specifically for surgical teams, to provide the topics for review. Staff at RCH has reacted positively to the concept of Team Self-Review, although there was an initial Hawthorne effect evident when QinetiQ were facilitating the reviews.
Book Chapter