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A well-documented, publicly available, global data set of surface ocean carbon dioxide (CO2 ) parameters has been called for by international groups for nearly two decades. The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) project was initiated by the international marine carbon science community in 2007 with the aim of providing a comprehensive, publicly available, regularly updated, global data set of marine surface CO2 , which had been subject to quality control (QC). Many additional CO2 data, not yet made public via the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC), were retrieved from data originators, public websites and other data centres. All data were put in a uniform format following a strict protocol. Quality control was carried out according to clearly defined criteria. Regional specialists performed the quality control, using state-of-the-art web-based tools, specially developed for accomplishing this global team effort. SOCAT version 1.5 was made public in September 2011 and holds 6.3 million quality controlled surface CO2 data points from the global oceans and coastal seas, spanning four decades (1968-2007). Three types of data products are available: individual cruise files, a merged complete data set and gridded products. With the rapid expansion of marine CO2 data collection and the importance of quantifying net global oceanic CO2 uptake and its changes, sustained data synthesis and data access are priorities.

As a response to public demand for a well-documented, quality controlled, publically available, global surface ocean carbon dioxide (CO2 ) data set, the international marine carbon science community developed the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT). The first SOCAT product is a collection of 6.3 million quality controlled surface CO2 data from the global oceans and coastal seas, spanning four decades (1968-2007). The SOCAT gridded data presented here is the second data product to come from the SOCAT project. Recognizing that some groups may have trouble working with millions of measurements, the SOCAT gridded product was generated to provide a robust, regularly spaced CO2 fugacity (fCO2 ) product with minimal spatial and temporal interpolation, which should be easier to work with for many applications. Gridded SOCAT is rich with information that has not been fully explored yet (e.g., regional differences in the seasonal cycles), but also contains biases and limitations that the user needs to recognize and address (e.g., local influences on values in some coastal regions).

I am a passionate dementia advocate living life as an American, Latino, gay, disabled, military veteran, who was diagnosed at age 47 with MCI and at 54 with Lewy Body Dementia. This has caused mild to moderate cognitive impairments in processing, language, and attention. My diagnosis does not define me and I remain active in spiritual and social communities, with a strong focus on family and support. My presentation will bring the perspective of a person living with dementia to discuss engaging people with lived experience in dementia research and policy. I will illustrate how I “found my voice” as a person living with dementia, invited to contribute to shaping global and national dementia policies. I have the privilege of being a member of three advisory groups: the NAPA Advisory Council on Alzheimer's Research, Care, and Services, a US governmental body which informs dementia policy, research directions, and the national dementia plan; the Global Brain Health Institute Lived Experience Group, which mentors young researchers globally who are Atlantic Fellows for Equity in Brain Health; and the Alzheimer's Disease International Lived Experience Panel which facilitates global discussions regarding dementia policy and advocacy. I will speak about my perceptions of positive elements of these panels, such as sharing personal experiences and influencing decision‐makers. I will illustrate negative elements that compromise my participation including difficult logistics for a person with cognitive challenges, not being taken seriously, and feeling trivialized and tokenized. I have been supported when the meeting facilitator takes a personal interest and encourages me and have experienced barriers when I am viewed as not having the ability to be creative and contribute. I will share my own experience with other countries’ policies on how people with lived experience are engaged in dementia research. I will draw lessons from these experiences on how countries can learn from each other about best practices for engaging people with lived experience in dementia policy and research. This will include recommendations on how dementia researchers can learn to better engage with people living with dementia and help them feel welcomed to these panels and activities.

This three volume book is the follow-up handbook to the bestselling volume \"Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions\", the definitive reference in the field.In line with the enormous developments in this area, this is not a new edition, but rather a new book in three volumes with over 50% more content.

Wind energy is gaining critical ground in the area of renewable energy, with wind energy being predicted to provide up to 8% of the worlds consumption of electricity by 2021. This book reviews the design and functionality of wind turbine rotor blades as well as the requirements and challenges for composite materials used in both current and future designs of wind turbine blades. Part one outlines the challenges and developments in wind turbine blade design, including aerodynamic and aeroelastic design features, fatigue loads on wind turbine blades, and characteristics of wind turbine blade airfoils. Part two discusses the fatigue behavior of composite wind turbine blades, including the micromechanical modelling and fatigue life prediction of wind turbine blade composite materials, and the effects of resin and reinforcement variations on the fatigue resistance of wind turbine blades. The final part of the book describes advances in wind turbine blade materials, development and testing, including biobased composites, surface protection and coatings, structural performance testing and the design, manufacture and testing of small wind turbine blades This book offers a comprehensive review of the recent advances and challenges encountered in wind turbine blade materials and design, and will provide an invaluable reference for researchers and innovators in the field of wind energy production, including materials scientists and engineers, wind turbine blade manufacturers and maintenance technicians, scientists, researchers and academics.

Avicennia marina is a mangrove species that can be found on the coast of Indonesia, specifically in Lampung province. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Avicennia marina nutrients in natural mangroves. This study was conducted in the coast of Pesawaran, Lampung, Indonesia in December 2023. Nutrient sampling included leaves, roots, and sediment in the Avicennia marina mangrove area. The statistical analysis used the principal component analysis (PCA) approach. The nutrients analyzed were nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), zinc (Z), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe) in the leaves, roots, and sediment. The results of this study revealed the eigenvalues and loading factors of the nutrient variables. The main factor (F1) presented 99.78% of the variable data where each variables contributed not significantly different. The main to the least variables were Mg (0.47), Fe (-0.46), N (0.43), Zn (-0.43), and P (0.42). The negative values of Fe and Zn variables indicated a negative correlation with Mg, N, and P. If the Fe and Zn values increase, then the Mg, N, and P values will be the opposite.

I am a passionate dementia advocate living life as an American, Latino, gay, disabled, military veteran, who was diagnosed at age 47 with MCI and at 54 with Lewy Body Dementia. This has caused mild to moderate cognitive impairments in processing, language, and attention. My diagnosis does not define me and I remain active in spiritual and social communities, with a strong focus on family and support. My presentation will bring the perspective of a person living with dementia to discuss engaging people with lived experience in dementia research and policy. I will illustrate how I \"found my voice\" as a person living with dementia, invited to contribute to shaping global and national dementia policies. I have the privilege of being a member of three advisory groups: the NAPA Advisory Council on Alzheimer's Research, Care, and Services, a US governmental body which informs dementia policy, research directions, and the national dementia plan; the Global Brain Health Institute Lived Experience Group, which mentors young researchers globally who are Atlantic Fellows for Equity in Brain Health; and the Alzheimer's Disease International Lived Experience Panel which facilitates global discussions regarding dementia policy and advocacy. I will speak about my perceptions of positive elements of these panels, such as sharing personal experiences and influencing decision-makers. I will illustrate negative elements that compromise my participation including difficult logistics for a person with cognitive challenges, not being taken seriously, and feeling trivialized and tokenized. I have been supported when the meeting facilitator takes a personal interest and encourages me and have experienced barriers when I am viewed as not having the ability to be creative and contribute. I will share my own experience with other countries' policies on how people with lived experience are engaged in dementia research. I will draw lessons from these experiences on how countries can learn from each other about best practices for engaging people with lived experience in dementia policy and research. This will include recommendations on how dementia researchers can learn to better engage with people living with dementia and help them feel welcomed to these panels and activities.

Acute-on-chronic liver failure is an acute deterioration of liver function manifesting as jaundice and coagulopathy with the development of ascites, with a high probability of extrahepatic organ involvement and high 28-day mortality. The pathogenesis involves extensive hepatic necrosis, which is associated with severe systemic inflammation and subsequently causes the cytokine storm, leading to portal hypertension, organ dysfunction, and organ failure. These patients have increased gut permeability, releasing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPS) in the blood, leading to hyper-immune activation and the secretion of cytokines, followed by immune paralysis, causing the development of infections and organ failure in a proportion of patients. Early detection and the institution of treatment, especially in the \"Golden Window\" period of 7 days, gives an opportunity for reversal of the syndrome. Scores like the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) ACLF research consortium (AARC) score, a model for end stage liver disease (MELD), and the CLIF Consortium acute-on-chronic liver failure (CLIF-C ACLF) score can help in the prediction of mortality. Treatment strategy includes treatment of acute insult. Patients should be considered for early transplant with MELD score >28, AARC score >10, high-grade hepatic encephalopathy, and in the absence of >2 organ failure or overt sepsis to improve survival of up to 80% at five years. Patients, with no option of transplant, can be treated with emerging therapies like faecal microbial transplant, plasma exchange, etc., which need further evaluation.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the main food crop that serves as a source of carbohydrates for most of the world’s population. The main obstacle in the cultivation of upland rice is drought. One of the technologies that can be applied and has great potential as drought mitigation is the use of microbes that promote plant growth, such as Bacillus subtilis . The purpose of this study was to analyze the growth of two varieties of upland rice, namely Sigambiri Merah and Inpago 13 Fortiz, under drought stress conditions and the application technique of Bacillus subtilis microbes. The experiment was carried out in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of North Sumatra, using a randomized block design with three factors and three replicates. The first factor is the upland rice variety, which includes the local Sigambiri Merah variety and the superior Inpago 13 Fortiz variety. The second factor is the technique of Treatment with Bacillus subtilis , consisting of no application, application to seeds, and application at 3 weeks after sowing. The third factor is soil moisture content, set at 40%, 60%, and 80% of field capacity. The results of the study showed that there were differences in the characteristics of the varieties. Sigambiri Merah had a higher average plant height compared to Inpago 13 Fortiz, while the parameters of leaf number Number of offspring, and wet weight of shoots and roots were higher in the Inpago 13 Fortiz variety. Decreasing soil moisture content reduced plant height, leaf number, Number of offspring, wet weight of roots and shoots, and dry weight of roots and shoots. Application of Bacillus subtilis at 3 weeks after sowing had a positive effect on increasing plant height, leaf number, tiller count, wet weight of roots and shoots, and dry weight of roots and shoots.

Even after two hereditary successions of power and what would appear to be preparations for a third, the question of whether North Korea should be considered a monarchy is yet to be recognized as an important one. Taking both North Korean realities and relevant political-scientific discussions of the institution of monarchy into account, this paper argues that North Korea should indeed be considered a monarchy. The monarchical model, if properly understood, may afford insight into the stability and longevity of the regime, suggest a different approach to nuclear negotiations, and produce less alarming assessments of the risk of conflict than those currently informed by the perception of a conventional personalist dictatorship.