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La littérature africaine tout aussi bien que les autres littératures, a recours, elle aussi, au social comme discours et comme sens, ainsi, dans cet article, notre souci premier, est de démontrer comment le discours littéraire affleure le discours social, à travers un phénomène assez sensible, l'héritage. Nous tenterons donc de démontrer cette profonde remise en question des pouvoirs du langage ainsi que l'hétérérogénéité de la pensée.

Le but de cet article est d'effectuer une analyse de l'effet de l'ouverture commerciale sur l'économie en Algérie dans le cadre de l'accord d'association avec l'UE (union européenne) et aborder une thématique clé de l'OMC (Organisation Mondiale du Commerce) à savoir le libre-échange. Durant la quinzaine d'années écoulée, le pays ne semble pas, au vu des résultats obtenus, avoir engagé ni des politiques de substitution ni des politiques de diversification des exportations. La dépendance aux importations s'est davantage accrue et les exportations hors hydrocarbures ont au mieux stagné. Il en a découlé une demande globale accrue, alimentée par les recettes pétrolières, que l'offre ne pourra pas soutenir. La question qui revient souvent dans les débats, qui peut relever aussi du paradoxe, concerne les capacités de l'économie algérienne à absorber les chocs liés à l'ouverture du commerce extérieur, d'un côté, et de l'autre, on peut noter l'insuffisance ou l'absence de politiques publiques dotant l'économie de telles capacités de résilience.

Background: Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic vector-borne disease and a significant global public health concern worldwide and in Algeria. In this study, we investigated the potential role of ticks and fleas as carriers of Leishmania in endemic regions of Algeria. Methods: Adult ectoparasites were collected from reservoir dogs and cohabiting animals across three provinces: Tizi-Ouzou (northeast), M’Sila (southeast), and Tébessa (extreme east). A subset of 247 ectoparasites was randomly selected for Leishmania DNA screening using ITS1-PCR. Results: Morphological identification revealed two tick species, Rhipicephalus turanicus (378 specimens) and Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l (127 specimens), and one flea species, Ctenocephalides felis (94 specimens). Dogs were the most heavily infested hosts (74.12%), followed by sheep (9.51%) and cats (9.34%). Leishmania DNA was detected in 36.43% (90/247) of the tested specimens, with higher positivity in ticks (41.32%) compared to fleas (17.64%). Infection rates varied by host species, with dogs harboring the majority of positive ectoparasites (62/90), primarily R. sanguineus s.l (19/30) and R. turanicus (40/115). Leishmania DNA was also detected in ectoparasites collected from cats and sheep, whereas goats and rabbits were free from Leishmania DNA. Conclusions: This investigation highlights the high detection rate of Leishmania DNA in ticks and fleas from animals in Algerian endemic regions, indicating exposure to infected hosts. Together with previous reports, these findings support the view that ticks and fleas may act as incidental hosts or mechanical carriers of the parasite. However, their role in parasite transmission remains unconfirmed and warrant further investigation, particularly through studies assessing vector competence. These results emphasize the need for additional research to clarify the contribution of these ectoparasites to Leishmania transmission and multi-host dynamics.

This work is focused on the synthesis and performance of Ni 3 (PO 4 ) 2 -based catalysts doped with Cu, Co, Mn, Ce, Zr, and Mg for the complete oxidation of ethanol, aiming at reducing emissions from ethanol-blended gasoline. Nickel phosphate was prepared via the co-precipitation method, followed by impregnation with the specified dopants. The catalysts were thoroughly characterized by XRD, N 2 -physisorption, XRF, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, FESEM, NH 3 -TPD, CO 2 -TPD, and H 2 -TPR to explain their performance. All catalysts achieved complete ethanol conversion (100%) at a temperature below 320 °C. The performance of the catalysts was strongly influenced by the dopant type of which Co, Ce, Mn, and Mg showed high CO 2 selectivity (selectivity > 90% at 95% ethanol conversion temperature ( T 95 )). The mechanism of oxidation is affected by the acido-basicity of the catalysts and the redox properties leading to a reaction through ethylene formation over the acid catalysts and acetaldehyde over the basic catalysts. The redox properties of the doped catalysts play a crucial role in enhancing the catalytic activity and selectivity toward CO₂, as the redox-active dopants facilitate the activation of oxygen species, which are essential for the complete oxidation of ethanol. In particular, Co and Ce demonstrated superior redox characteristics, facilitating the conversion of intermediate species and leading to higher CO 2 selectivity while minimizing undesirable by-products. Graphical Abstract

New EA-sulfonamides and indazole-sulfonamides were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for their anticancer activities. The target compound structures were elucidated using various spectroscopic techniques such as NMR-1H and 13C, infrared spectroscopy, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The anticancer activities of the novel compounds were evaluated against four human cancer cell lines, namely A-549, MCF-7, Hs-683, and SK-MEL-28 as well as the normal cell line HaCaT, using 5-fluorouracil and etoposide as reference drugs. Among the tested compounds, 9, 10, and 13 exhibited potent anticancer activities which are better than or similar to the reference compounds 5-fluorouracil and etoposide, against the A-549, MCF-7, and Hs-683 cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 0.1 to 1 μM. Molecular docking studies of compounds 9, 10, and 13 showed a strong binding with selected protein kinase targets, which are linked to the tested cancer types. Furthermore, the analysis of the molecular dynamics simulation results demonstrated that compound 9 exhibits significant stability when bound to both JAK3 and ROCK1 kinases. This new compound has the potential to be developed as a novel therapeutic agent against various cancers.

La réhabilitation du chemin des touristes est un projet ambitieux qui vise la valorisation de l'un des sites phares, pittoresques et exceptionnels de la ville de Constantine, il été inscrit dans le cadre de l'événement de « Constantine Capitale de la culture arabe 2015», mais malheureusement ce projet a connu un retard qui entrave son avancement. Nous envisageons, par le biais de notre recherche, et à partir d'un questionnaire et un ensemble des outils et techniques de management de projet, d'élucider les vraies causes qui entravent l'avancement dans le cycle de vie du projet. Nous avons postulé que ce retard incombe essentiellement à l'absence d'une approche managériale efficace et effective dès l'émergence de projet. Afin d'éliminer, réduire et éviter ce retard en a proposé quelques solutions pour résoudre les problèmes et les contraintes rencontrés par l'application adéquate et cohérente des meilleurs pratiques et du corpus de connaissances de management de projet. Enfin, nous tirons des conclusions générales et proposons des recommandations pour des futures recherches.