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Communicating environmental exposure results and health information in a community-based participatory research study
Background
Communicating results to participants is a fundamental component of community-based participatory research (CBPR). However, in environmental exposure studies this is not always practiced, partly due to ethical concerns of communicating results that have unknown clinical significance.
Methods
Growing Up Healthy
was a community-based participatory research study that sought to understand the relationship between environmental exposures to phthalates and early puberty in young girls. After in-depth consultation with a Community Advisory Board, study investigators provided group summary results of phthalate exposures and related health information to the parents of study participants. Parents’ comprehension and knowledge of the health information provided was then assessed through questionnaires.
Results
After receiving the information from the research team, responders were able to correctly answer comprehension questions about phthalate exposures in their community, were able to identify ways to reduce exposure to phthalates, and indicated plans to do so. Questionnaires revealed that parents wanted more information on phthalates, and that children’s environmental health was an important concern.
Conclusions
We conclude that effective communication of exposure results of unknown clinical significance to participants in environmental health studies can be achieved by providing group summary results and actionable health information. Results suggest that there was an improvement in knowledge of environmental health and in risk reduction behaviors in our study population.
Journal Article
Beef stew
When his friends decline to come over for a beef stew dinner, Nicky feels bad until a surprise visitor shows up.
Book
Community-Based Participatory Research: Lessons Learned from the Centers for Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research
Over the past several decades there has been growing evidence of the increase in incidence rates, morbidity, and mortality for a number of health problems experienced by children. The causation and aggravation of these problems are complex and multifactorial. The burden of these health problems and environmental exposures is borne disproportionately by children from low-income communities and communities of color. Researchers and funding institutions have called for increased attention to the complex issues that affect the health of children living in marginalized communities-and communities more broadly-and have suggested greater community involvement in processes that shape research and intervention approaches, for example, through community-based participatory research (CBPR) partnerships among academic, health services, public health, and community-based organizations. Centers for Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research (Children's Centers) funded by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency were required to include a CBPR project. The purpose of this article is to provide a definition and set of CBPR principles, to describe the rationale for and major benefits of using this approach, to draw on the experiences of six of the Children's Centers in using CBPR, and to provide lessons learned and recommendations for how to successfully establish and maintain CBPR partnerships aimed at enhancing our understanding and addressing the multiple determinants of children's health.
Journal Article
Childhood Obesity and Neighborhood Food-Store Availability in an Inner-City Community
Prior studies have shown an association between fast-food restaurants and adolescent body size. Less is known about the influence of neighborhood food stores on a child's body size. We hypothesized that in the inner-city, minority community of East Harlem, New York, the presence of convenience stores and fast-food restaurants near a child's home is associated with increased risk for childhood obesity as measured by body mass index (BMI).
Baseline data of 6- to 8-year-old East Harlem boys and girls (N
=
323) were used. Anthropometry (height and weight) was conducted with a standardized protocol. Food-store data were collected via a walking survey. Stores located within the same census block as the child's home address were identified by using ArcGIS 8.3. We computed age- and sex-specific BMI percentiles by using national norms of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Using odds ratios, we estimated risk of a child's BMI percentile being in the top tertile based on number and types of food stores on their census blocks.
Convenience stores were present in 55% of the surveyed blocks in which a study particpant lived and fast-food restaurants were present in 41%. Children (n
=
177) living on a block with 1 or more convenience stores (range, 1–6) were more likely to have a BMI percentile in the top tertile (odds ratio 1.90, 95% confidence interval, 1.15–3.15) compared with children having no convenience stores (n
=
146).
The presence of convenience stores near a child's residence was associated with a higher BMI percentile. This has potential implications for both child- and neighborhood-level childhood obesity interventions.
Journal Article
Transformative Sustainable Business Models in the Light of the Digital Imperative—A Global Business Economics Perspective
The considerable body of literature on business models, business model innovation, and sustainable business models has yet to fully account for the impact of external dynamics—including the digital imperative—on generating sustainable value propositions. To address this issue, we developed a multifaceted framework of transformative sustainable business models, spanning three levels: the external environment, the organization, and the individual. We drew on the resource-based view and the literature on digitization to explain how organizations can capitalize on dynamic transformative capabilities to generate novel value propositions, based on both reconstructionist logic and shared-value logic. These include elements such as co-creation, usage-based pricing, agility, closed-loop processes, asset sharing, and collaborative business ecosystems.
Journal Article
Taos Society of Artists
\"\"A lavishly illustrated two-volume study of the Taos Society of Artists. Essays on the TSA and its founding plus scholarly biographical and art historical essays on twelve TSA artists with exemplary works of the artists studied\"-Provided by publisher\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Business Model Innovation toward Sustainability and Circularity—A Systematic Review of Innovation Types
Organizations increasingly build on business model innovation (BMI) to reinvent their business models in sustainable and circular ways. This is reflected by a surge in academic research and business practice on sustainable and circular business model innovation. In this article, we take stock of the current literature to clarify which types of innovations contribute to the transformation to sustainable and circular business models. Building on a systematic literature review on sustainable and circular business model innovation using Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA), our primary contributions include (1) the identification, categorization, and discussion of various innovation types that lead to sustainable and circular business model innovation, (2) the identification of a research gap, and (3) avenues for future research.
Journal Article