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Despite increasing evidence for the contribution of microbiomes to host fitness and evolution, their role in the adaptation and successful establishment of invasive animal species remains underexplored. Animal microbiomes can mediate key host phenotypic traits such as energy metabolism, detoxification and disease resistance. Therefore, harbouring a highly functional microbiome may be advantageous in the context of invasion, where small host populations must rapidly adapt to new environmental conditions. We conducted a scoping review of studies focusing on microbiomes and animal invasions to explore the extent and nature of research efforts on this topic and to identify general patterns that may help elucidate the relationship between host microbial communities and invasiveness. The analysis of 147 articles published between 2006 and 2024 showed a steady increase in the research output on the topic, in parallel with growing interest in biological invasions and technical and theoretical advances in microbiome research. However, the application of new analytical approaches that go beyond taxonomic characterisation remains limited and the research output is still heavily biased towards invasive invertebrates. Although most of the reviewed research was descriptive, a more detailed assessment of a subset of 43 studies using a comparative design revealed some recurring patterns. Host microbiomes in the introduction range tend to diverge from those in the native range, but invasive populations generally retain a core of microorganisms involved in key phenotypic traits such as disease resistance. Studies that have examined the microbiomes of invasive species along their invasion pathway highlight how stochastic events, propagule pressure and population mixing are relevant drivers of microbial community assembly during introductions. Comparisons of the microbiomes of invasive species and co-occurring, outcompeted native species often suggest that some of the observed phenotypic differences driving their interactions are microbiome-mediated. However, to date, only a handful of studies have been able to establish the mechanistic link between microbiomes and host invasiveness using an experimental design. While observational studies remain valuable at this early stage, we advocate for a wider use of novel technologies and experimental approaches to generate robust functional and mechanistic information that will strengthen their inferential value. As more system-specific studies become available, meta-analytical approaches may allow us to uncover broader eco-evolutionary patterns and ultimately elucidate the role of microbiomes in animal invasions.

According to Wendy Nolan, a sales agent at Houlihan Lawrence's Chappaqua office, some buyers are attracted to tidy little homes in walking distance to the Metro-North Railroad station and the shops in Chappaqua's small business district.

\"When I tell people we live in the woods, I really mean that,\" said Paul Keyes, describing his life in Chappaqua in northern Westchester. \"When I pull off the road after the long trip home from work and finally come up our driveway, I feel like I've gone on vacation to the Adirondacks.\"

The turning point came in 1998, when the Dobbs Ferry Union Free School District became the first in Westchester to join the International Baccalaureate organization, based in Geneva -- prompting home buyers to take a fresh look at the virtues of the 2.4-square-mile village of 11,000 residents. According to 2010 United States Census data, non-Hispanic whites were 72.5 percent of village residents, Hispanics 10.5 percent, Asians 8.6 percent and African-Americans 7.2 percent.

Two decades ago, Dobbs Ferry, then a working-class village in southern Westchester along the Hudson River, was considered by many the poor stepsister of its immediate neighbors--artsy Hastings-on-Hudson on its southern border and upscale Irvington to the north.

What You'll Find The Goldens Bridge Fire District has 822 single-family homes, one co-op building with 48 units, three townhouse developments with 184 units and about 20 lots that are zoned commercial, said Lise Robertson, the town's assessor. Four years ago Shalyn Courtney, a financial adviser who commutes to an office in Purchase, and her husband, Buddy, a client service manager for Wells Fargo in White Plains and Shelton, Conn., paid $419,000 for a three-bedroom two-and-a-half-bath townhouse in the Glen, a 1998 development.

\"Not quite rural but very non-suburban,\" is how Lisa Arrigo, a resident of Goldens Bridge, describes this 2.6-square-mile hamlet of rolling hills and densely wooded areas in the town of Lewisboro.