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"Bright, John"
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Choice architecture to promote fruit and vegetable purchases by families participating in the Special Supplemental Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC): randomized corner store pilot study
To conduct a pilot study to determine if improving the visibility and quality of fresh produce (choice architecture) in corner stores would increase fruit/vegetable purchases by families participating in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC).
Six stores were randomly assigned to choice architecture intervention or control. Store-level WIC sales data were provided by the state. Primary outcomes were WIC fruit/vegetable voucher and non-fruit/vegetable voucher sales, comparing trends from baseline (December 2012-October 2013) with the five-month intervention period (December 2013-April 2014). Secondary outcomes were differences in customer self-reported fruit/vegetable purchases between baseline and end of the intervention.
Chelsea, MA, USA, a low-income urban community.
Adult customers (n 575) completing store exit interviews.
During baseline, WIC fruit/vegetable and non-fruit/vegetable sales decreased in both intervention and control stores by $US 16/month. During the intervention period, WIC fruit/vegetable sales increased in intervention stores by $US 40/month but decreased in control stores by $US 23/month (difference in trends: $US 63/month; 95 % CI 4, 121 $US/month; P=0·036); WIC non-fruit/vegetable sales were not different (P=0·45). Comparing baseline and intervention-period exit interview responses by customers participating in WIC (n 134), intervention store customers reported increased fruit/vegetable purchases compared with control store customers (18 v. -2 %), but this did not achieve statistical significance (P=0·11).
Placement of fruits/vegetables near the front of corner stores increased purchase of produce by customers using WIC. New policies that incentivize stores to stock and prominently display good-quality produce could promote healthier food choices of low-income families.
Journal Article
PPARγ Agonists Promote Oligodendrocyte Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells by Modulating Stemness and Differentiation Genes
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are a small population of resident cells that can grow, migrate and differentiate into neuro-glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor transcription factor that regulates cell growth and differentiation. In this study we analyzed the influence of PPARγ agonists on neural stem cell growth and differentiation in culture. We found that in vitro culture of mouse NSCs in neurobasal medium with B27 in the presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) induced their growth and expansion as neurospheres. Addition of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and PPARγ agonist ciglitazone or 15-Deoxy-Δ(12,14)-Prostaglandin J(2) (15d-PGJ2) resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of cell viability and proliferation of NSCs in culture. Interestingly, NSCs cultured with PPARγ agonists, but not ATRA, showed significant increase in oligodendrocyte precursor-specific O4 and NG2 reactivity with a reduction in NSC marker nestin, in 3-7 days. In vitro treatment with PPARγ agonists and ATRA also induced modest increase in the expression of neuronal β-III tubulin and astrocyte-specific GFAP in NSCs in 3-7 days. Further analyses showed that PPARγ agonists and ATRA induced significant alterations in the expression of many stemness and differentiation genes associated with neuro-glial differentiation in NSCs. These findings highlight the influence of PPARγ agonists in promoting neuro-glial differentiation of NSCs and its significance in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Journal Article
العاقر
\"العاقر\" عنوان ينتمي إلى حقل المسرح بامتياز ويشكل مفتاحا لولوج الرواية يصفها مؤلفها الكاتب الأمريكي الكبير جون شتاينبك من النوع الأدبي الجديد وفي هذا العمل يرصد شتاينبك حركة أربع شخصيات مسرحية عبر مسارات سردية\" متوازية\" تشكل فصول المسرحية وتفترق وتتقاطع غير أن نقاط النقاطع أقل من نقاط الإفتراق وإن كانت جميع الأحداث تدور تحت سقف المسرح.
Book
The changing mass of the Antarctic Ice Sheet during ENSO-dominated periods in the GRACE era (2002–2022)
Large-scale modes of climate variability significantly influence Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) mass change. Improved understanding of the relationship between these climate modes and AIS mass change can help reduce uncertainties in future ice mass estimates and its contribution to sea level rise. However, the spatiotemporal patterns of AIS mass variation driven by El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-induced atmospheric circulation remain unclear. We investigated AIS mass variability during different ENSO periods using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) observed mass changes and modelled surface mass balance (using RACMO2.4p1) over the period 2002 to 2022. To allow comparison with GRACE, we used a cumulative sum indexing method to define different ENSO-dominated `periods' over 2002–2022. This method results in time periods that are dominated by a particular phase of ENSO, that is not necessarily equivalent to specific events as derived from canonical indices. The results show strong spatial variability in how the ENSO teleconnection cumulatively manifests over the AIS. These differing spatial patterns are primarily driven by changes in the Amundsen Sea Low strength, location, and extent, which alter circulation patterns and moisture flow in West Antarctica. In East Antarctica, ice mass variability is largely influenced by the positioning of cyclonic and anticyclonic circulation anomalies, primarily driven by the Southern Annular Mode; however, ENSO signals are also present. In both East and West Antarctica, this study shows that the spatial impact of any given ENSO-dominant period can trigger distinct circulation patterns which can variably influence surface mass balance and ice mass change. However, uncertainties remain, as the mass variability observed during ENSO-dominant periods may not be solely attributed to ENSO, due to teleconnections that may not have fully developed or may have been masked by other processes.
Journal Article
Iron Man epic collection
Time for the Armored Avenger to start avenging. Tony Stark is back in the groove as Iron Man, from outer space to the ocean depths. But the new Stark Enterprises is under constant super-villain alert, under attack from familiar faces like Spymaster and new threats like the ethereal Ghost. And when Tony discovers that his technology has been stolen and abused, he declares war on anyone in armor! Iron Man's new ruthless streak brings him into conflict with the U.S. government, S.H.I.E.L.D. and the Avengers, and as his actions grow ever more extreme, he must battle an old friend in a new guise - Steve Rogers, aka The Captain!
Book
A case report of multiple primary prostate tumors with differential drug sensitivity
Localized prostate cancers are genetically variable and frequently multifocal, comprising spatially distinct regions with multiple independently-evolving clones. To date there is no understanding of whether this variability can influence management decisions for patients with prostate tumors. Here, we present a single case from a clinical trial of neoadjuvant intense androgen deprivation therapy. A patient was diagnosed with a large semi-contiguous tumor by imaging, histologically composed of a large Gleason score 9 tumor with an adjacent Gleason score 7 nodule. DNA sequencing demonstrates these are two independent tumors, as only the Gleason 9 tumor harbors single-copy losses of
PTEN
and
TP53
. The
PTEN
/
TP53
-deficient tumor demonstrates treatment resistance, selecting for subclones with mutations to the remaining copies of
PTEN
and
TP53
, while the Gleason 7
PTEN
-intact tumor is almost entirely ablated. These findings indicate that spatiogenetic variability is a major confounder for personalized treatment of patients with prostate cancer.
Prostate cancer is often a multifocal disease but how best to manage this clinically remains unclear. Here, the authors report a single case study of a patient with two genetically diverse tumours which showed differential response to therapy.
Journal Article
Batman, the caped crusader
\"A new collection featuring the legendary 1980s Batman epics \"Ten Nights of the Beast\" and \"A Death in the Family\", never before collected! This new collection of 1980s Batman tales includes the legendary story \"A Death in the Family,\" in which the Joker ends up killing the secon Robin, Jason Todd. It all begins with the story \"Ten Nights of the Beast,\" which introduced the deadly post-Soviet villain known as the KGBeast. Following that, a series of stories concerning organized crime in the streets of Gotham City leads into \"A Death in the Family,\" in which Robin follows a trail to find his birth mother, who is in cahoots with the Joker.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Localized high-risk prostate cancer harbors an androgen receptor activity–low subpopulation susceptible to HER2 inhibition
BACKGROUNDLocalized high-risk prostate cancer (PCa) often recurs despite neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). We sought to identify baseline molecular programs that predict pathologic response and reveal targetable vulnerabilities.METHODSWe profiled 147 biopsy foci from 48 MRI-visible lesions in 37 patients before 6 months of ADT plus enzalutamide and radical prostatectomy. Residual cancer burden (RCB) at prostatectomy was the primary outcome. Analyses incorporated PTEN loss, TMPRSS2:ERG status, and HER2/androgen receptor (AR) immunohistochemistry on baseline and posttreatment tissues. Findings were evaluated in an external transcriptional cohort (n = 121) and by multiplex immunostaining in an independent cohort (n = 61). Functional assays tested enzalutamide-responsive enhancers near ERBB2 and sensitivity to HER2 inhibition.RESULTSA baseline, HER2-associated transcriptional program correlated with higher RCB and inversely with AR activity, independent of PTEN and ERG. Exceptional responders had lower HER2 protein levels in pretreatment biopsy specimens. The inverse AR-HER2 relationship recurred across data sets and multiplex immunostaining, which revealed coexisting AR-high/HER2-low and HER2-high/AR-low subpopulations. Enzalutamide inhibited AR-mediated repression of ERBB2. HER2-high/AR-low cells present before therapy resisted ADT yet were sensitive to HER2 inhibitors; combining HER2 inhibitors with enzalutamide increased tumor cell killing. These findings were reproduced in the external cohort and orthogonal assays.CONCLUSIONBaseline HER2 activity marks intrinsic resistance to neoadjuvant ADT in localized high-risk PCa and identifies a preexisting, targetable AR-low subpopulation. HER2-directed therapy, alone or with AR blockade, warrants clinical evaluation.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT02430480.FUNDINGProstate Cancer Foundation; Department of Defense Prostate Cancer Research Program; National Institutes of Health.
Journal Article