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"Bronzaft, Arline L"
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Abating New York city transit noise: A matter of will, not way
From the latter part of the 19th century, when New York City trains began to operate, until the present time, New York City's Transit Authority has received train noise complaints from riders and residents living near its transit system. The growing body of literature demonstrating the adverse effects of noise on physical and mental health raises the question as to whether transit noise is hazardous to the health of New York City's transit riders and residents living near the transit system. Several studies have examined the impacts of the noise of New York's transit system on hearing, health and learning. Despite the Transit Authority's efforts to remedy transit noise in response to complaints, the noise problem has not yet been satisfactorily ameliorated. This paper will suggest how the Transit Authority could employ techniques that could lower the noise levels of its system and benefit the health and welfare of New Yorkers. The recommendations in this paper could also apply to other cities with major transit systems where noise abatement has not been treated seriously.
Journal Article
Noise: combating a ubiquitous and hazardous pollutant
With a growing body of data suggesting a link between noise and adverse mental and physical health and with noise pollution becoming even more pervasive, especially from the rapid increase in air travel and highway traffic, individuals worldwide are forging alliances to combat this hazardous pollutant. Especially active are the anti-aircraft noise groups. In the United States, the federal government has limited its responsibilities with respect to noise control after an initial interest in the 1970s when legislation was passed promising to protect the American people against the harmful effects of noise. These past years anti-noise activists in the United States have been working arduously to urge the federal government to once again take an active role in abating and controlling noise. They have also been enlisting more citizens to their cause as they educate them to the hazards of noise.
Journal Article
The Effect of Elevated Train Noise On Reading Ability
The effect of the noise of passing trains on reading skills of children in a New York City elementary school is investigated. Comparison of reading scores between children on the noisy side of the building and those on the quieter side reveals significantly lower scores for the former. Data indicate that both indiscriminate blocking out of sounds by the children, and lost teaching time due to passing trains account for depressed reading scores. City agencies are urged to seek methods of reducing urban noise.
Journal Article
Spatial Orientation in a Subway System
The absence of a clear structural legibility within the New York City subway system tends to make its users dependent on other informational aids about its structural design and operations-such as signs, announcements, and especially the official New York City subway map and guide. The effectiveness of the New York City subway guide was tested by assigning 20 Ss a travel route which consisted of four trip-segments of varying difficulty. Of the total 80 trip segments, only 37 were traveled via acceptable (as determined by authors) solutions, with subjects having more difficulty planning acceptable solutions for more complex trip-segments. Interviews revealed that subjects felt insecure traveling the subway because the graphics in the system did not serve to reinforce their train selections. The findings suggest that the New York City subway system needs an improved map to guide its passengers as well as better systemwide graphics.
Journal Article
ARCHITECTS, ENGINEERS AND PLANNERS AS ANTI-NOISE ADVOCATES
Evidence is mounting that noise pollution must be recognized as a serious health hazard, rather than a mere annoyance. Although modern technology has resulted in creating noisier surroundings, there is the technical ability to lower the din or it can be developed with some effort. For example, the treatments to reduce the noise level of New York City's noisy transit system existed for many years but the operators of this system refused to abandon their posture that noise was inherent to the operation of a rail system. Only continued citizen pressure forced the agency to initiate the appropriate abatement programs. Similarly, it was citizen action that lowered the decibels of aircraft. Now engineers and designers are being asked to involve themselves more directly and assertively in producing quieter generators, fans and compressors. Architects must also plan to muffle the sounds as they design apartment dwellings and office buildings to house more people in limited spaces. Professionals must play more active roles in identifying, assessing and correcting noise problems.
Journal Article
Career, Marriage, and Family Aspirations of Young Black College Women
Reports findings of a survey of female college students in response to the following research questions: (1) Do Black college-educated women want to combine career, marriage, and children? (2) Do they expect their husbands to share more household and child care responsibilities? and (3) what is their attitude toward women's societal role? (AF)
Journal Article
Do the Future Plans of Educated Black Women Include Black Mates
Information on Black women's plans for careers, marriage, and family and their choices of dating and marriage partners was obtained from a questionnaire distributed to a sample (N = 70) of young, unmarried Black female college students enrolled at a large urban university. Nearly four-fifths of the women planned to study beyond college; nearly 90% hoped for a career; the majority envision a future with husbands and children. However, with as many as 15% opting to remain single, clues for this choice were sought from their answers to the questions on their dating experiences and their attitudes toward Black men. Data were also collected and analyzed on the willingness of the women to date and marry men from other racial/ethnic groups.
Journal Article
Female Freshmen View Their Roles as Women
A sample of 1,063 women entering a tuition-free public university under an \"open admissions\" program in September, 1970, was queried as to their marriage, family and career plans for the future. Responses showed that a plurality saw their role in fifteen years as that of \"a married career woman with children.\" It was pointed out that these data represented the views of students coming from predominantly lower-middle-class and working-class backgrounds.
Journal Article
