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Whether or not you have heard of pioneering nutritionist Muriel Bell, she has had a profound effect on your health.Appointed New Zealand's first state nutritionist in 1940, Muriel Bell was behind ground-breaking public health schemes such as milk in schools, iodised salt, and water fluoridation.

Whether or not you have heard of pioneering nutritionist Muriel Bell, she has had a profound effect on your health. Appointed New Zealand’s first state nutritionist in 1940, a position she held for almost a quarter-century, Muriel Bell was behind ground-breaking public health schemes such as milk in schools, iodised salt and water fluoridation. As a lecturer in physiology from 1923 to 1927, she had been one of the first women academics at Otago Medical School. The second woman in New Zealand to be awarded the research degree of Doctor of Medicine (MD), in 1926, her subsequent pioneering research on vitamins and minerals helped to prevent deficiency diseases, and later, optimise health. Bell’s early research into fats and cholesterol tackled the complexity of nutrition- related aspects of coronary heart disease. At the base of her commitment to science lay a deep social concern, especially for women and children. In service to this cause Muriel Bell worked tirelessly. Her nutritional advice – common sense to us today but revolutionary at the time – was to eat more fruit, vegetables, wholegrains and milk products and to cut down on sugar, fat and meat. In 1937 she became a foundation member of the Medical Research Council, serving for two decades while simultaneously she was the sole woman on the Board of Health. Muriel Bell was a trailblazer by anyone’s definition, unswervingly committed to the understanding that ‘we are what we eat’; that nutrition is a cornerstone of individual and public health. Diana Brown tells the story of this extraordinary woman in this long-overdue biography.--Publisher information. Source: National Library of New Zealand Te Puna Matauranga o Aotearoa, licensed by the Department of Internal Affairs for re-use under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand Licence.

In this dissertation, I argue that Theosophical Society co-founder Helena Petrovna Blavatsky’s first major work, Isis Unveiled (1877), describes an occult hermeneutic of myth based on the privileging of intuition, theorized especially in Neoplatonic terms, and premised on a tripartite spirit-soul-body constitution of the human being. Her hermeneutic also privileges initiation, construed as experiential gnosis often produced by ritual, and she opposes both intuition and initiation to reason and empiricism. Theorizing global myths as allegories revealing elements of a universal religion, or secret doctrine, traceable to India, she brings together an esotericism premised on a combination of Indian religion and thought with the Renaissance amalgamation of Neoplatonism, Hermeticism and Kabbalah. My elucidation of the hermeneutics espoused in Isis also includes explications of Blavatsky’s ideas about the nature of human beings, the world, and the divine, indicating the degree to which reading is imbricated with all facets of her thinking, and I demonstrate the ways in which magical ability and readerly ability are of a piece in her thinking. I also highlight Blavatsky’s significant engagement in polemic with and citation of natural scientists and textual scholars of the nineteenth century. In doing so, I argue that she engages in what I call para-academic argument, meaning that she argues partly in the terms of philological scholars, whose concerns with comparison and origins she genuinely shares, in order to make a partially public case for truths only fully accessible through intuitive and initiatory means. Significantly for the study of religion, Blavatsky engages and opposes Friedrich Max Müller, often remembered as the founder of the modern academic study of religion, in his arguments about the epistemological superiority of the scholar over emic interpreters. Through Blavatsky’s engagement with and positioning of the occult vis-à-vis such scholarship and the impact of Isis Unveiled and the Theosophical Society, I argue that the academic study of religion becomes constitutive of modern occultism.

According to the Act's statement of legislative intent, its purpose is \"to maintain and promote economic competition in trade and commerce\" occurring in Texas.3 This is because unreasonable limitations on employees' abilities to accept new employment or solicit clients or former co-employees to join them in this new endeavor, i.e., to compete against their former employers, could not only hinder legitimate competition between businesses, but could also impede the mobility of skilled employees.4 On the other hand, valid noncompetition agreements can constitute a reasonable restraint on commerce. When the parties consent to such agreements, the result may be an increase in efficiency by encouraging employers to entrust confidential information and important client relationships to key employees.5 Legitimate covenants not to compete also incentivize employers to develop goodwill by making them more likely to invest often significant resources in developing goodwill that an employee could otherwise immediately take and use to their own advantage and against the former employer.6 In other words, enforceable covenants not to compete ensure that the costs incurred to develop human capital are protected against competitors who, having not made such expenditures, might appropriate the employer's investment to their own economic advantage.7 The Act (Texas Business and Commerce Code chapter 15.50(a)) provides:8 a covenant not to compete is enforceable if it is ancillary to or part of an otherwise enforceable agreement at the time the agreement is made to the extent that it contains limitations as to time, geographical area, and scope of activity to be restrained that are reasonable and do not impose a greater restraint than is necessary to protect the goodwill or other business interests of the [employer soliciting the promise not to compete].9 This seemingly simple paragraph has been extensively analyzed by judges, resulting in twenty-seven years of interpretative case law. 1. The first major case to interpret the Act was Light v. Centel Cellular Co. of Texas. 10 In Light, the Texas Supreme court held that a covenant not to compete is \"ancillary to or part of\" an otherwise enforceable agreement if: (a) the consideration given by the employer in that agreement gives rise to the employer's interest in restraining the employee from competing; and (b) the covenant is designed to enforce the employee's consideration or return promise in that agreement.11 These words added burden to employers trying to enforce noncompetition agreements, and in fact, the agreement at issue in the Light case was found not to be enforceable.12 The employer was now required to show that the consideration the employer provided in exchange for the employee's non-competition obligations \"give[s] rise\" to the employer's interest in restraining the employee from competing.13 The easiest example is an employer providing confidential or proprietary information to the employee which one can easily understand would give rise to the employer not wanting the employee to compete. The Marsh case evaluated a situation where a manager signed a stock option agreement which included a provision that he would not solicit Marsh customers for two years after the termination of his employment.23 The Court found that this was an \"otherwise enforceable agreement\" and went on to say that \"[c]onsideration for a noncompete [agreement] that is reasonably related to an interest worthy of protection such as trade secrets, confidential information or goodwill, satisfies the statutory nexus; and there is no textual basis for excluding the protection of much of goodwill from the business interests that a noncompete may protect.

Introduction As we care for patients during the coronavirus pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), it is important to learn and analyze the health outcomes for HIV-positive patients who have been infected with COVID-19. The clinical course and outcome of COVID-19 among patients with HIV-1 infection are still unknown and novel. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of 34 HIV-positive patients who are diagnosed with COVID-19. The following basic demographic, clinical, and laboratory test information were collected for each patient: age, race/ethnicity, gender, CD4/viral load count before and after COVID-19 diagnosis, clinical symptoms, hospitalizations, antiretroviral medications, and comorbidities. These data were collected from the electronic health record (EHR) and recorded in the study database. Results The mean (interquartile range (IQR)) HIV viral load (RNA PCR) after COVID-19 infection was 37,170 (<20-167) copies/mL compared to 25,730 (<20-100) copies/mL before COVID-19 infection. The mean (IQR) CD4+ lymphocyte count prior to and after COVID-19 infection was 583 (101-1139) and 477 (167-821) cells/mm , respectively. Hypertension (n = 20) was the most prevalent comorbidity found in the cohort of HIV-positive patients. Patients with HIV RNA < 20 copies/mL prior to and after COVID-19 infection were 27 (79.3%) and 17 (73.7%), respectively. Conclusion As the pandemic situation keeps on evolving, there will be new findings on how people living with HIV might be affected by SARS-CoV-2. Our findings highlight the importance of larger sample size studies to better understand the management of HIV-positive patients in a pandemic situation.

Medication labeling omissions in the OR and the adverse events that result from them remain a challenge in health care facilities. Standardization of protocols based on guidance from the Joint Commission, AORN, the Institute for Safe Medication Practices, and other organizations is important to ensure that patients do not mistakenly receive the wrong medication. A clinical nurse specialist and a perioperative education coordinator at the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, undertook a direct observation quality improvement project to assess the adherence of 21 nurses and 19 surgical technologists to a revised medication and solution labeling protocol implemented in February 2008. Results showed that overall, 70% of staff members adhered to the medication and solution labeling protocol but adherence varied among specialty areas. There was increased adherence to the protocol by junior staff members compared with more experienced staff members.

This paper addresses the issue of property rights of various types of interest holders. Specifically, the legal concept created by Justice Benjamin Cardozo, that property rights are like a \"bundle of sticks.\" One of the \"sticks\" is the executive right. The executive right is the right to authorize exploration and development of the mineral estate, or in layman's terms, the right to lease. The executive right comes with duties or obligations to the other interest holders. The court has been inconsistent in ruling on these duties and therefore it has been difficult to determine what are the exact duties that are owed. This paper examines the relevant court cases in this area of the law to determine what the current court decisions mean for executive right owners.