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A coding mission
\"When you have a problem, where can you go for answers? The library! When Codie and her friends join Ms. Gillian, the Specialist, on another Adventure in Makerspace, they find themselves lost in a maze, with a monster just around the corner! Can they code their way out? Join them to complete Mission: Coding! This graphic novel includes fun bonus features such as a theme song and author interview available through the free Capstone 4D app. A great way to add augmented reality to your reading experience!\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Globally important nitrous oxide emissions from croplands induced by freeze–thaw cycles
Seasonal freezing induces large thaw emissions of nitrous oxide, a trace gas that contributes to stratospheric ozone destruction and atmospheric warming. Cropland soils are by far the largest anthropogenic source of nitrous oxide. However, the global contribution of seasonal freezing to nitrous oxide emissions from croplands is poorly quantified, mostly due to the lack of year-round measurements and difficulty in capturing short-lived pulses of nitrous oxide with traditional measurement methods. Here we present measurements collected with half-hourly resolution at two contrasting cropland sites in Ontario and Manitoba, Canada, over 14 and 9 years, respectively. We find that the magnitude of freeze–thaw-induced nitrous oxide emissions is related to the number of days with soil temperatures below 0 °C, and we validate these findings with emissions data from 11 additional sites from cold climates around the globe. Based on an estimate of cropland area experiencing seasonal freezing, reanalysis model estimates of soil temperature, and the relationship between cumulative soil freezing days and emissions that we derived from the cropland sites, we estimate that seasonally frozen cropland contributes 1.07 ± 0.59 Tg of nitrogen as nitrous oxide annually. We conclude that neglecting freeze–thaw emissions would lead to an underestimation of global agricultural nitrous oxide emissions by 17 to 28%.
Large fluxes of nitrous oxide occur when frozen soils thaw. Field measurements and mathematical models suggest that freeze–thaw events are responsible for 17 to 28% of nitrous oxide emitted from agricultural soils globally.
Journal Article
Higher Education in India in the Time of Pandemic, Sans a Learning Management System
Higher education in India was caught completely unawares by the COVID-19 pandemic and the necessitated closure of educational institutions. Despite almost a decade of experience with online and distance learning at some top-tier and private institutions, the vast majority were unprepared and looked for quick solutions for different components of teaching–learning depending on the need of the hour. The immediate tool sought was a videoconferencing platform to substitute in-class lectures. With no access to a learning management system, faculty chose one platform for videoconferencing, one for interaction with students, and another for uploading class notes. Disparity in students’ access to devices and the internet presented challenges. Assessment of learning, which hitherto was largely pen and paper based, was delayed for lack of a viable solution. Experiences documented in this study demonstrate faculty resilience, but lack of institutional leadership and preparedness is starkly evident.
Journal Article
Skaar : son of Hulk - the complete collection
Born in fire. Raised by monsters. Destined to smash! On an alien planet shattered by war, no one is stronger than Skaar -- the savage Son of Hulk! But as a warlord and a princess spread chaos through the wastelands, will Skaar save the puny survivors -- or eat them? Skaar seeks the mysterious Old Power, but can even he stop the coming of the Silver Surfer-and Galactus the Devourer? The soothsayers sing: One day, monsters will clash -- the boy will confront the man who abandoned him. When the Son of Hulk seeks vengeance on his father, will Earth be turned into Planet Skaar?
BOOK
Monitoring Biodiversity Impacts of a Changing Arctic Through Environmental DNA
The Ocean Molecular Ecology (OME) program at the NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) is a recently established research group that partners with several established PMEL and Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC) programs including Ecosystems & Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations (EcoFOCI), Ocean Carbon, and Earth-Ocean Interactions (EOI). The OME program utilizes a suite of molecular tools to support long-term research initiatives through genomics applications, and their development and application as novel environmental (e)DNA approaches has been key for facilitating collaborations within PMEL and NOAA Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, and across NOAA line offices.
Journal Article
Negotiating on the margins of a margin: the US withdrawal from the Turks and Caicos Islands, 1975–1983
Following the adoption of a new constitution that permitted the election of a ministerial government as part of the ongoing decolonization of the British Caribbean in the 1970s, the Turks and Caicos Islands [TCI] immediately entered into base lease extension negotiations with the USA, which maintained three small defense facilities in the British Crown Colony. During the period under consideration in this article, the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office and the TCI government, led by Chief Minister James ‘Jags’ McCartney, attempted to obtain monetary and developmental concessions from the USA once lease extension discussions became base closure and withdrawal negotiations. Using core theoretical concepts from the study of international negotiations—contractual credibility, anchoring, and ripeness—to frame a close reading of the correspondence associated with the tripartite US-UK-TCI discussions, this paper explores the approach, strategies, and behaviors of the counterparties in a unique base closure episode from the Cold War.
Journal Article
Single-Point Calibration for Microwave Sounders: Application to TEMPEST-D
Passive microwave sounders are critical for accurate forecasts from numerical weather prediction models. These sensors are calibrated using a traditional two-point approach, with one source typically a free-space blackbody target and the second a clear view to the cosmic microwave background, commonly referred to as “cold space.” Occasionally, one or both of these calibration sources can become corrupted, either by solar/lunar intrusion in the cold space view or by thermal instability of the blackbody calibration source. A Temporal Experiment for Storms and Tropical Systems (TEMPEST) microwave sounder instrument is currently deployed on the International Space Station (ISS) for a 3-yr mission. TEMPEST is also calibrated using a blackbody target and cold space view; however, the cold space view will be routinely obstructed by objects present on the ISS. Here we test an alternative single-point calibration methodology that uses only the blackbody calibration target. We find the brightness temperature difference between this new approach and the traditional two-point calibration approach to be <0.1 K when applied to 3 years of the TEMPEST CubeSat Demonstration (TEMPEST-D) mission data from 2018 to 2020. This approach is applicable to other microwave radiometers that experience occasional degradation of calibration sources, such as thermal effects, intrusions, or instability of noise diodes.
Journal Article
Establishing how social capital is studied in relation to cardiovascular disease and identifying gaps for future research—A scoping review protocol
Though the relationship between social capital and health has been widely studied, the evidence of this relationship in cardiovascular disease is limited, with varied and inconsistent measures. This scoping review seeks to address this gap by answering the following questions: (1) How has social capital been characterized and measured in the literature related to cardiovascular disease? and (2) What gaps exist in the evaluation of the relationship between social capital and cardiovascular disease?
A scoping review will be used to answer the research questions. The scoping review will apply established methods described by Arksey and O'Malley, Levac and colleagues, and the Joanne Briggs Institute: (1) identifying the research question(s); (2) identifying relevant studies; (3) selecting the studies; (4) charting the data; and (5) collating, summarizing, and reporting the results.
Our findings will be reported in accordance with the guidance provided in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) statement.
The synthesis of this evidence base is intended to provide a framework for how social capital has been defined and measured in the cardiovascular literature, with additional guidance for future research and evaluation. The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication and presentations at relevant seminars.
Journal Article
Dynamic adaptation process to implement an evidence-based child maltreatment intervention
Background
Adaptations are often made to evidence-based practices (EBPs) by systems, organizations, and/or service providers in the implementation process. The degree to which core elements of an EBP can be maintained while allowing for local adaptation is unclear. In addition, adaptations may also be needed at the system, policy, or organizational levels to facilitate EBP implementation and sustainment. This paper describes a study of the feasibility and acceptability of an implementation approach, the Dynamic Adaptation Process (DAP), designed to allow for EBP adaptation and system and organizational adaptations in a planned and considered, rather than
ad hoc
, way. The DAP involves identifying core elements and adaptable characteristics of an EBP, then supporting implementation with specific training on allowable adaptations to the model, fidelity monitoring and support, and identifying the need for and solutions to system and organizational adaptations. In addition, this study addresses a secondary concern, that of improving EBP model fidelity assessment and feedback in real-world settings.
Methods
This project examines the feasibility, acceptability, and utility of the DAP; tests the degree to which fidelity can be maintained using the DAP compared to implementation as usual (IAU); and examines the feasibility of using automated phone or internet-enabled, computer-based technology to assess intervention fidelity and client satisfaction. The study design incorporates mixed methods in order to describe processes and factors associated with variations in both how the DAP itself is implemented and how the DAP impacts fidelity, drift, and adaptation. The DAP model is to be examined by assigning six regions in California (USA) to either the DAP (n = 3) or IAU (n = 3) to implement an EBP to prevent child neglect.
Discussion
The DAP represents a data-informed, collaborative, multiple stakeholder approach to maintain intervention fidelity during the implementation of EBPs in the field by providing support for intervention, system, and organizational adaptation and intervention fidelity to meet local needs. This study is designed to address the real-world implications of EBP implementation in public sector service systems and is relevant for national, state, and local service systems and organizations.
Journal Article