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The purpose of the current study was to identify and understand the experiences, needs, and effects of intrafamilial homicide (IFH) on surviving families. A homicide is considered intrafamilial when the perpetrator and decedent were both members of the same chosen or biological family. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 14 adult surviving family members of an IFH (M age = 46.14 years, SD = 12.78 years; n = 9 females, n = 5 males; n = 8 Black, n = 6 White; n = 11 non-Hispanic, n = 3 Hispanic). The results of thematic analyses indicated that families encountered a significant and negative impact to the family system as a result of the IFH. Specifically, participants discussed experiencing familial relationship strains, including relational cut-offs, child-custody and visitation issues, and divorce. Participants also provided their definition of immediate family and discussed the implications of the definition for post-IFH service provision. Most participants provided the first names or relationship titles of those individuals that they included within their immediate family, as well as a qualitative description of those relationships. Some participants also discussed the awareness that the co-victims that are impacted by the IFH are not always included within the traditional definition of immediate family and how that preconception can negatively impact post-IFH service provision. This research addresses much needed gaps in the extant literature, helps to inform future couple and family therapy practices, and provides direction for future research.

The work presented here shows a steady development of the SABRE modality towards biomedical applications. Starting with the introduction of NMR, MRI, hyperpolarization, and the hyperpolarization technique used throughout this work SABRE, in Chapters 1 and 2. The work then moves into a detailed description of the spin dynamics of a particularly important biomarker([1,2- 13C]pyruvate) in Chapter 3. Followed with a description of hyperpolarization dynamics of a solution inside a reactor imaged with a low field MRI (6.5 mT) in Chapter 4. Chapter 5 demonstrates work on improving the total polarization achievable with SABRE, through the study of pulsed sequences (WOLF-SABRE) in comparison to normal SABRE experiments (StaticSABRE). Finally, the cumulation of this work is shown in Chapter 6, where the first ever demonstration of SABRE hyperpolarized signal in vivo.

Apostome ciliates are symbiotic protozoa associated with a variety of invertebrate hosts. A specific group of apostomes, exuviotrophs, are commonly found on crustaceans. Exuviotrophs feed on the exuvial fluid in the molted exoskeleton of their host. For this reason, they have developed a life cycle that is dependent upon the molting habits of the host.

The purpose of this project was to analyze the denotative and connotative meaning ascribed to twenty theological terms by the members and regular attenders of Herminie United Methodist Church, Herminie, Pennsylvania. This analysis was made with the intention of improving communication in the teaching and preaching ministry of the church. This project consisted of four main parts: (1) preparation of the instruments, (2) use of a Preaching Review form before and after the analysis of a Communication Survey, (3) administration and analysis of the Communication Survey, and (4) communication of the results to the leaders and members of the church. The twenty terms analyzed were: God, spirit, presence, religion, theology, Jesus Christ, Lord, grace, love, gospel, faith, sin, forgiveness, resurrection, baptism, church, Christian, prayer, Bible, and soul. Bailey developed a semantic differential instrument to measure the connotative meaning of these twenty terms which was used as a part of this project. Items from instruments developed by Sease and Hertzler were used to measure the denotative meaning of these same twenty terms. A personal data form was included to determine the age and sex of each of the respondents and the importance each assigned to twelve church activities: Sunday worship, preaching, Sunday school, prayer meeting, committee and board meetings, evangelism, community service activities, missions, social action, Bible study, discussion of social issues, and human singing. A Preaching Review was conducted with a representative group of twenty members of the congregation to analyze three sermons prior to the survey and three sermons following the analysis of the Communication Survey. Participants were asked to indicate which words they heard and to react to their use on a semantic differential scale. Analysis of the Preaching Review showed a reduction in the number of words reported as used that were not used and a four percent increase in the percentage of persons hearing the words used. The mean response to the semantic differential increased by +.18 and the percentage of most positive responses increased from fifty-five percent to sixty percent. Written comments concerning sermons were more positive after the analysis of the survey data. The Communication Survey revealed that 67.6 percent of the answers selected on the denotative form were the best answers. The words: church, theology, spirit, and presence had less than the best answer by more than half the respondents. The connotative portion of the study showed extremely positive responses to all the words with more than half of the useable answers receiving the most positive rating. Only the word sin received approximately neutral responses. Religion, theology, Lord, church, and soul had a median response below the highest possible. Persons over age seventy gave unuseable responses in 36.5 percent of the possible responses on the connotative study. The analysis of the personal data revealed that the respondents represented the membership. By analyzing the importance assigned to various church activities, using Hoge's categories of public and private protestants, it was determined that thirty-one percent of the respondents were private party members, twenty-eight percent were public party members, and the balance were bridges--persons who did not favor either party. Reports were made to the Administrative Board, the adult church school teachers, and appeared in written form in the church newsletter. It was concluded that these theological words evoke a positive response when they are heard; however, there is onlyy a 67.6 percent agreement as to their meaning. They should be used sparingly and only when no other word or phrase can communicate the exact meaning intended. When they are used, the pastor or teacher should explain the shade of meaning he or she wishes to communicate.

University students are increasingly recognized as a vulnerable population, suffering from higher levels of anxiety, depression, substance abuse, and disordered eating compared to the general population. Therefore, when the nature of their educational experience radically changes-such as sheltering in place during the COVID-19 pandemic-the burden on the mental health of this vulnerable population is amplified. The objectives of this study are to 1) identify the array of psychological impacts COVID-19 has on students, 2) develop profiles to characterize students' anticipated levels of psychological impact during the pandemic, and 3) evaluate potential sociodemographic, lifestyle-related, and awareness of people infected with COVID-19 risk factors that could make students more likely to experience these impacts. Cross-sectional data were collected through web-based questionnaires from seven U.S. universities. Representative and convenience sampling was used to invite students to complete the questionnaires in mid-March to early-May 2020, when most coronavirus-related sheltering in place orders were in effect. We received 2,534 completed responses, of which 61% were from women, 79% from non-Hispanic Whites, and 20% from graduate students. Exploratory factor analysis on close-ended responses resulted in two latent constructs, which we used to identify profiles of students with latent profile analysis, including high (45% of sample), moderate (40%), and low (14%) levels of psychological impact. Bivariate associations showed students who were women, were non-Hispanic Asian, in fair/poor health, of below-average relative family income, or who knew someone infected with COVID-19 experienced higher levels of psychological impact. Students who were non-Hispanic White, above-average social class, spent at least two hours outside, or less than eight hours on electronic screens were likely to experience lower levels of psychological impact. Multivariate modeling (mixed-effects logistic regression) showed that being a woman, having fair/poor general health status, being 18 to 24 years old, spending 8 or more hours on screens daily, and knowing someone infected predicted higher levels of psychological impact when risk factors were considered simultaneously. Inadequate efforts to recognize and address college students' mental health challenges, especially during a pandemic, could have long-term consequences on their health and education.