Explore the vast range of titles available.

Access to clean water is vital for public health; however, many urban households suffer from waterborne illnesses due to contamination. This study examines the economic cost of contaminated water to households in Khurda (Odisha) and Paschim Medinipur (West Bengal), focusing on diseases like diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and fever. Using a detailed questionnaire, data were gathered from 281 households. Findings show that 17% of households with piped water reported illness compared to 5.26% with non-piped water, with issues such as foul smell and red water also noted. The average household cost of illness is ₹47.69 (US$ 0.571), highlighting the need for improved water infrastructure and sanitation to address public health risks.