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It is widely assumed that genetic differences in gene expression underpin much of the difference among individuals and many of the quantitative traits of interest to geneticists. Despite this, there has been little work on genetic variability in human gene expression and almost none in the human brain, because tools for assessing this genetic variability have not been available. Now, with whole-genome SNP genotyping arrays and whole-transcriptome expression arrays, such experiments have become feasible. We have carried out whole-genome genotyping and expression analysis on a series of 193 neuropathologically normal human brain samples using the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Mapping 500K Array Set and Illumina HumanRefseq-8 Expression BeadChip platforms. Here we present data showing that 58% of the transcriptome is cortically expressed in at least 5% of our samples and that of these cortically expressed transcripts, 21% have expression profiles that correlate with their genotype. These genetic-expression effects should be useful in determining the underlying biology of associations with common diseases of the human brain and in guiding the analysis of the genomic regions involved in the control of normal gene expression.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressively disabling impairments in memory, cognition, and non-cognitive behavioural symptoms. Sporadic AD is multifactorial and genetically complex. While several monogenic mutations cause early-onset AD and gene alleles have been suggested as AD susceptibility factors, the only extensively validated susceptibility gene for late-onset AD is the apolipoprotein E (APOE) Ε4 allele. Alleles of the APOE gene do not account for all of the genetic load calculated to be responsible for AD predisposition. Recently, polymorphisms across the neuronal sortilin-related receptor (SORL1) gene were shown to be significantly associated with AD in several cohorts. Here we present the results of our large case-control whole-genome scan at over 500,000 polymorphisms which presents weak evidence for association and potentially narrows the association interval.

Launching a starshade to rendezvous with the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope would provide the first opportunity to directly image the habitable zones of nearby sunlike stars in the coming decade. A report on the science and feasibility of such a mission was recently submitted to NASA as a probe study concept. The driving objective of the concept is to determine whether Earth-like exoplanets exist in the habitable zones of the nearest sunlike stars and have biosignature gases in their atmospheres. With the sensitivity provided by this telescope, it is possible to measure the brightness of zodiacal dust disks around the nearest sunlike stars and establish how their population compares to our own. In addition, known gas-giant exoplanets can be targeted to measure their atmospheric metallicity and thereby determine if the correlation with planet mass follows the trend observed in the Solar System and hinted at by exoplanet transit spectroscopy data. In this paper we provide the details of the calculations used to estimate the sensitivity of Roman with a starshade and describe the publicly available Python-based source code used to make these calculations. Given the fixed capability of Roman and the constrained observing windows inherent for the starshade, we calculate the sensitivity of the combined observatory to detect these three types of targets and we present an overall observing strategy that enables us to achieve these objectives.

Microlensing is the only method that can detect and measure mass of wide orbit, low mass, solar system analog exoplanets. Mass measurements of such planets would yield massive science on planet formation, exoplanet demographics, free floating planets, planet frequencies towards the galaxy. High res follow-up observations of past microlens targets provide a mass measurement of microlens planets and hosts at an uncertainty of <20%. This will be primary method for mass measurement with WFIRST. We advocate for the fact that high resolution observations with AO, HST and JWST(in future) remain necessary in coming decade to develop the methods, to determine the field and filter selection, understand the systematics and to develop a robust pipeline to release high quality data products from WFIRST microlensing survey such that the astronomy community can promptly engage in the science. We also support future high res obs with US ELTs with advanced Laser AO systems in context of enhancing the science return of WFIRST microlensing survey. We endorse the 2018 Exoplanet Science Strategy report published by the National Academy. This white paper extends and complements the material presented therein. In particular, this white paper supports the recommendation of the National Academy Exoplanet Science Strategy report that: NASA should launch WFIRST to conduct its microlensing survey of distant planets and to demonstrate the technique of coronagraphic spectroscopy on exoplanet targets. This white paper also supports to the finding from that report which states \"A number of activities, including precursor and concurrent observations using ground- and space-based facilities, would optimize the scientific yield of the WFIRST microlensing survey.\"

Judge Ted Noble of the Saskatchewan Court of Queen's Bench imposed a two-year sentence, which included one year of house arrest and one year in jail, after [Robert Latimer]'s 1997 conviction. Polls taken after Latimer's trial showed three-quarters of Canadians thought the mandatory sentence was too harsh a punishment for the Wilkie, Sask.-area farmer who said he killed his severely disabled daughter, Tracy, in 1993 to end her suffering. If the the Latimer case does come before cabinet, he might anticipate having at least one supporter at the table. In 1995, Senator Sharon Carstairs said the penalty is too harsh for Latimer.