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The production of synthetic natural gas in the context of power-to-gas is a promising technology for the utilization of CO2. Ni-based catalysts supported on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared through incipient wetness impregnation and characterized using N2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR). The catalysts were tested for CO2 methanation in the 200–400 °C temperature range and at atmospheric pressure. The results demonstrated that the catalytic activity increased with the addition of the CNTs and Ni loading. The selectivity towards CH4 was close to 100% for the Ni/ZrO2/CNT catalysts. Reduction of the calcined catalyst at 500 °C using H2 modified the surface chemistry of the catalyst, leading to an increase in the Ni particles. The CO2 conversion was dependent on the Ni loading and the temperature reduction in the NiO species. The 10Ni/ZrO2/CNT catalyst was highly stable in CO2 methanation at 350 °C for 24 h. Thus, CNTs combined with Ni and ZrO2 were considered promising for use as catalysts in CO2 methanation at low temperatures.

BRCA1 germline mutations increase the lifetime risk of developing breast and ovarian cancers. However, taking into account the differences in disease manifestation among mutation carriers, it is probable that different BRCA1 mutations have distinct haploinsufficiency effects and lead to the formation of different phenotypes. Using lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from heterozygous BRCA1 mutation carriers and non-carriers, we investigated the haploinsufficiency effects of various mutation types using qPCR, immunofluorescence, and microarray technology. Lymphoblastoid cell lines carrying a truncating mutation showed significantly lower BRCA1 mRNA and protein levels and higher levels of gamma-H2AX than control cells or those harboring a missense mutation, indicating greater spontaneous DNA damage. Cells carrying either BRCA1 mutation type showed impaired RAD51 foci formation, suggesting defective repair in mutated cells. Moreover, compared to controls, cell lines carrying missense mutations displayed a more distinct expression profile than cells with truncating mutations, which is consistent with different mutations giving rise to distinct phenotypes. Alterations in the immune response pathway in cells harboring missense mutations point to possible mechanisms of breast cancer initiation in carriers of these mutations. Our findings offer insight into how various heterozygous mutations in BRCA1 could lead to impairment of BRCA1 function and provide strong evidence of haploinsufficiency in BRCA1 mutation carriers.

Correspondence to Volker Scheer; volkerscheer@yahoo.com Regular physical activity confers important health benefits, reduces all-cause mortality and can prolong life.1 Physical activity and exercise as preventative measures, through enhancing health and well-being, managing multimorbidity, and guiding rehabilitation from illness and injury or postoperatively, as well as promoting social inclusion and addressing aspects of health inequalities, form one of the cornerstones of the specialty of sports and exercise medicine (SEM).2 Approximately one-third of the world’s population suffer from musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries that negatively impact their health, cause disability and constitute a major economic burden on the health system and society.2 SEM physicians are trained in assessing, diagnosing and managing MSK injuries, therefore, avoiding unnecessary investigations and procedures and reducing costs.2 SEM physicians are also key in prescribing exercise, especially for chronic medical conditions, therefore, decreasing the consumption of medications and reducing costs to healthcare systems.2 SEM as a professional medical specialty or subspecialty exists in most European countries.3 However entry requirements, training pathways and curricula differ considerably between countries.3 Although the European Union allows free travel and recognition of professional qualifications, this is not the case for SEM physicians, as there is currently no general recognition of the specialty within Europe.3 Early SEM was more focused on athletes and teams’ care. The European Federation of Sports Medicine Associations (EFSMA), which aims to promote, develop and harmonise Sports Medicine training and recognition as a primary medical specialty and inclusion in the basic curricula of medical schools within Europe.8 Fédération Internationale de Médecine du Sport (FIMS) or International Federation of Sports Medicine, as an international association, committed to the promotion and development of Sports Medicine throughout the world, aiming to protect the physical and mental health and ensuring the well-being of all who are engaged in sports and exercise, assisting athletes in achieving optimal performance. Examples of these organisations include but are not limited to sports teams/clubs, sports federations, governing bodies, state run or national health systems, private establishments providing MSK/sport injury clinics, universities and academic institutions, public health, and sports and physical activity policy-making boards and committees. Table 1 Summary of specific ECOSEP committees with aims and objectives for SEM specialty Committee Aims and objectives Scientific Propose guidelines (eg, sports injuries treatment and rehabilitation, antidoping) Cooperate with other organisations (such as IOC, WADA, FIMS, FSMA) Organise congresses Education Advance the competency of SEM Commitment to education and continuous professional development Support national organisations to promote the specialty Circulate the British Journal of Sports Medicine to ECOSEP members Support the trans-European introduction of sports and exercise medicine into undergraduate medical curricula Creating postgraduate programmes and seminars providing further training for SEM physicians Invite medical students with an early interest in sports and exercise medicine to become associate members of ECOSEP Ensure that the College’s website http://www.ecosep.eu/ becomes a vibrant platform for the active exchange of information between its members by providing regular updates from the sports medicine literature, consensus practice guidelines, useful links to other websites Research Promote scientific research International Promoting collaborative initiatives with National European and International Sports Medicine Organisations from around the world Developing a working relationship by engaging in the exchange of information for research, knowledge, education and best practice Ethics Adherence to ethical standards in SEM research, training and education Medical student Providing educational courses, contacts to more senior SEM physicians and career paths advice Travelling fellowship Providing scholarships for SEM trainees to SEM centres around Europe and insight into different healthcare systems and learning from international colleagues Fighting inactivity Promote physical activity at grassroots and among general public across all age groups and levels of physical ability by providing advice, information and educational support Promote population behavioural modification towards a more physically active lifestyle by raising awareness about activities of daily life such as active leisure, commute, school and shopping trips Increase healthcare professionals’ awareness and confidence in managing health through physical activity and exercise Share and promote current best evidence, guidelines and recommendations for physical activity Share, promote and engage with design and implementation of government strategies and policies for physical activity at both national and European levels Promote scientific collaborations between ECOSEP and other European and International Sports Medicine, Exercise Sciences and physical activity organisations Junior doctors Offering electives at various SEM centres across Europe

Enzymatic synthesis of short-chain esters (flavours) might enable their labelling as natural, increasing their value. Covalently immobilised Rhizopus oryzae lipase (EO-proROL) was used to synthesise isoamyl butyrate and acetate. In cyclohexane, the best performer reaction solvent, 1.8 times higher yield of isoamyl butyrate (ca. 100%) than isoamyl acetate (ca. 55%) was obtained. Optimum initial acid concentration (410 mM) and acid:alcohol mole ratio (0.5) were established by a central composite rotatable design to maximise isoamyl butyrate single-batch and cumulative production with reused enzyme. These conditions were used to scale up the esterification (150 mL) and to assess yield, initial esterification rate, productivity and enzyme operational stability. Commercial isoamyl alcohol and fusel oil results were found to be similar as regards yield (91% vs. 84%), initial reaction rate (5.4 µM min−1 with both substrates), operational stability (40% activity loss after five runs with both) and productivity (31.09 vs. 28.7 mM h−1). EO-proROL specificity for the structural isomers of isoamyl alcohol was also evaluated. Thus, a successful biocatalyst and product conditions ready to be used for isoamyl ester industrial production are here proposed.

The psychological well-being of students affects their academic achievement, social relationships and school coexistence and is something that families worry about. This aspect becomes vital when students have atypical development and/or specific needs. Studies on the impact of giftedness on students’ self-concept and self-esteem offer mixed results. Emotional Intelligence (EI) is a key factor for their well-being that must be developed by educational institutions. This study analyzes the relationships between emotional intelligence profiles and both self-concept and self-esteem of identified gifted students between 8 and 18 years of age who study in regular Spanish schools and non-identified peers. A total of 118 identified gifted and 122 non-identified subjects participated in the study. The Self-Concept Scale Form 5 (AF5), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and the Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24 (TMMS-24) were administered. Clusters of students were identified on the basis of their scores in the three dimensions of EI. Subsequently, the differences in self-esteem and self-concept according to the student’s emotional intelligence profile were analyzed. The results showed a taxonomy of three-cluster profiles in both groups and the existence of differences between profiles of EI in the self-esteem and self-concept dimensions in gifted students, not so in the non-identified group. The results have important implications for education and health professionals, both for the evaluation and for the introduction of adjusted intervention programs in case of vulnerability.

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the response capacity of the health care workforce, and health care professionals have been experiencing acute stress reactions since the beginning of the pandemic. In Spain, the first wave was particularly severe among the population and health care professionals, many of whom were infected. These professionals required initial psychological supports that were gradual and in line with their conditions. In the early days of the pandemic in Spain (March 2020), this study aimed to design and validate a scale to measure acute stress experienced by the health care workforce during the care of patients with COVID-19: the Self-applied Acute Stress Scale (EASE). Item development, scale development, and scale evaluation were considered. Qualitative research was conducted to produce the initial pool of items, assure their legibility, and assess the validity of the content. Internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach α and McDonald ω. Confirmatory factor analysis and the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test were used to assess construct validity. Linear regression was applied to assess criterion validity. Back-translation methodology was used to translate the scale into Portuguese and English. A total of 228 health professionals from the Spanish public health system responded to the 10 items of the EASE scale. Internal consistency was .87 (McDonald ω). Goodness-of-fit indices confirmed a two-factor structure, explaining 55% of the variance. As expected, the highest level of stress was found among professionals working in health services where a higher number of deaths from COVID-19 occurred (P<.05). The EASE scale was shown to have adequate metric properties regarding consistency and construct validity. The EASE scale could be used to determine the levels of acute stress among the health care workforce in order to give them proportional support according to their needs during emergency conditions, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introducción: las representaciones sociales de las altas capacidades intelectuales configuran la manera en que este fenómeno es comprendido y valorado e inciden, de forma decisiva, en las prácticas parentales y en todos los ámbitos psicosociales. Pero no se han encontrado estudios que analicen y comparen las representaciones sociales sobre las altas capacidades en progenitores e hijos con y sin esta neurodivergencia como grupos diferenciados. Este fue el objetivo de la investigación. Método: este estudio transversal mixto aplicó la técnica de asociación libre de palabras y el diferencial semántico a 273 niños/as (132 identificados de altas capacidades) y sus progenitores (N = 280). Cinco jueces categorizaron 1659 palabras. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y diferencias de medias. Resultados: los resultados obtenidos mostraron la heterogeneidad de la representación social y la pervivencia de algunos estereotipos negativos, aunque la valencia y las actitudes fueron mayoritariamente neutras/positivas. Conclusión: esto evidencia la necesidad de programas de sensibilización social y de formación para las familias y la sociedad en general, para garantizar su equidad e inclusión.

The production of synthetic natural gas in the context of power-to-gas is a promising technology for the utilization of CO[sub.2]. Ni-based catalysts supported on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared through incipient wetness impregnation and characterized using N[sub.2] adsorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR). The catalysts were tested for CO[sub.2] methanation in the 200–400 °C temperature range and at atmospheric pressure. The results demonstrated that the catalytic activity increased with the addition of the CNTs and Ni loading. The selectivity towards CH[sub.4] was close to 100% for the Ni/ZrO[sub.2]/CNT catalysts. Reduction of the calcined catalyst at 500 °C using H[sub.2] modified the surface chemistry of the catalyst, leading to an increase in the Ni particles. The CO[sub.2] conversion was dependent on the Ni loading and the temperature reduction in the NiO species. The 10Ni/ZrO[sub.2]/CNT catalyst was highly stable in CO[sub.2] methanation at 350 °C for 24 h. Thus, CNTs combined with Ni and ZrO[sub.2] were considered promising for use as catalysts in CO[sub.2] methanation at low temperatures.