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Background A majority of AI ethics frameworks focus on high-level principles but lack actionable guidance. Effectively implementing AI in projects requires the operationalization of AI ethics, translating principles into requirements. This paper proposes a novel method for operationalizing AI ethics through co-creation workshops. Methods The study adopted a qualitative, participatory research approach. Stakeholders from the VALIDATE project, a Horizon Europe action developing an AI-based clinical decision support system for stroke patient stratification, were divided into five diverse teams. The workshops aimed to: (i) determine the low-level ethical requirements stakeholders considered essential for the project, and (ii) identify requirements not included in the EU Trustworthy AI Guidelines. The methodology included storytelling, content analysis to identify ethical issues and dilemmas, eliciting quantifiable requirements using a standardized planning language (Planguage), and a procedural feedback process. Results The workshops identified explainability, privacy, model robustness, model validity, epistemic authority, fairness, and transparency as key ethical issues. Participants drafted low-level requirements related to privacy , explainability , transparency , and validity . Six issues ( time sensitivity, validity, prevention of harm to patients, patient-inclusive care, quality of life, and lawsuit prevention) could not be mapped to the EU Guidelines. Participants did not draft requirements in relation to the latter issues. Challenges included the diverse interpretations of concepts, such as validity . Participants generally had favorable impressions of the workshops, although they found formulating requirements in Planguage format more challenging than storytelling and topic prioritization. Conclusions The workshops elicited concrete, quantifiable, and actionable requirements, which were useful in developing a project-specific ethical framework. The proposed methodology is resource-efficient and requires fewer AI ethics experts than existing methods while remaining compatible with established guidelines. Procedural feedback results suggest that participants and facilitators would benefit from additional training in the use of Planguage. Potential challenges included the impact of power dynamics among participants on discussions, blind spots due to overlooked issues, and the absence of stroke patients among the participants.

The effect of environmental pollution on the safety of vegetable crops is a serious global public health issue. This study was conducted to assess heavy metal concentrations in soil, irrigation water, and 21 local vegetable species collected from four sites near mining activities and one control site in Northern Vietnam. Soils from vegetable fields in the mining areas were contaminated with cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As), while irrigation water was contaminated with Pb. Average concentrations of Pb and As in fresh vegetable samples collected at the four mining sites exceeded maximum levels (MLs) set by international food standards for Pb (70.6 % of vegetable samples) and As (44.1 % of vegetable samples), while average Cd concentrations in vegetables at all sites were below the MLs of 0.2. The average total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) across all vegetable species sampled was higher than the safety threshold of 1.0, indicating a health risk. Based on the weight of evidence, we find that cultivation of vegetables in the studied mining sites is an important risk contributor for local residents’ health.

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the impact of Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract on FLT3 regulation. V. amygdalina was extracted with 96% ethanol (VAE-96), and its cytotoxicity against FLT3- cell lines (MOLM-13 and MV-4-11) was evaluated. The results indicated that VAE-96 induced apoptosis in these cells and inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT, MAPK, and FLT3. Additionally, VAE-96 substantially diminished the activity of the FLT3 promoter and the expression of FLT3 mRNA. The extract was found to contain alkaloids, saponin, reduced sugar compounds, and polyphenols, including tannins and flavonoids, as per the phytoconstituents analysis. The potential of alkaloid fractions on MOLM-13 cells was indicated by the robust cytotoxic effect of the alkaloid fractions, which resulted in over 50% cell mortality at 30 µg/ml. Our results suggest that VAE-96 may be a beneficial agent for the prevention and treatment of AML with FLT3-ITD mutation. Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar o impacto do extrato da folha de Vernonia amygdalina na regulação do FLT3. V. amygdalina foi extraída com etanol 96% (VAE-96) e sua citotoxicidade contra linhagens celulares FLT3 (MOLM-13 e MV-4-11) foi avaliada. Os resultados indicaram que o VAE-96 induziu apoptose nestas células e inibiu a fosforilação de AKT, MAPK e FLT3. Além disso, o VAE-96 diminuiu substancialmente a atividade do promotor FLT3 e a expressão do mRNA do FLT3. Descobriu-se que o extrato contém alcaloides, saponinas, compostos de açúcar reduzido e polifenóis, incluindo taninos e flavonoides, conforme análise de fitoconstituintes. O potencial das frações alcaloides nas células MOLM-13 foi indicado pelo intenso efeito citotóxico das frações alcaloides, que resultou em mais de 50% de mortalidade celular a 30 µg/ml. Nossos resultados sugerem que o VAE-96 pode ser um agente benéfico para a prevenção e tratamento da LMA com mutação FLT3-ITD.

Abstracts It has been demonstrated that Lantana camara possesses several therapeutic properties that can be used to treat various human diseases, including dermatological and gastrointestinal conditions, tetanus, malaria, and tumours. In this investigation, every collected part of L. camara was extracted with absolute methanol to examine its antioxidant capacity using the DPPH assay and its anti-leukemia activity on two AML cell lines, MOLM-13 and MV4-11. In addition, anti-inflammatory effectiveness was evaluated. The results show that extracts from various sections of L. camara have a significant ability to neutralize free radicals, as indicated by their EC50 values. Most of the extracts had values less than 100 μg/ml, with the flower extract having an even lower value of less than 50 μg/ml. Experiments on two AML cell lines showed that the anti-leukemia effects of the extracts were remarkable, with the most potent impact belonging to the root extract (IC50 was 9.78 ± 0.61 and 12.48 ± 1.69 for MOLM-13 and MV4-11 cell lines). The antitumor effect of the extracts was determined to be time- and dose-dependent and did not correlate with antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, when BJ cells were exposed to L. camara root and leaf extracts, their migratory potential was dramatically reduced compared to untreated cells. The extracts demonstrated potential anti-inflammatory capabilities by lowering NO production in LPS-induced BJ cells. Resumo Foi demonstrado que Lantana camara possui diversas propriedades terapêuticas que podem ser utilizadas para tratar uma variedade de doenças humanas, incluindo condições dermatológicas e gastrointestinais, tétano, malária e tumores. Nesta investigação, cada parte coletada de L. camara foi extraída com metanol absoluto para examinar sua capacidade antioxidante utilizando o ensaio DPPH e sua atividade antileucêmica em duas linhagens celulares de LMA, MOLM-13 e MV4-11. Além disso, foi avaliada a eficácia anti-inflamatória. Os resultados mostram que os extratos de várias partes de L. camara têm uma capacidade significativa de neutralizar os radicais livres, como demonstrado pelos seus valores de EC50. A maioria dos extratos apresentava valores inferiores a 100 g/ml, com o extrato de flores apresentando um valor ainda mais baixo, inferior a 50 μg/ml. Experimentos em duas linhagens celulares de LMA mostraram que os efeitos antileucêmicos dos extratos foram notáveis, com o efeito mais forte pertencente ao extrato de raiz (IC50 foi 9,78 ± 0,61 e 12,48 ± 1,69 para linhas celulares MOLM-13 e MV4-11). O efeito antitumoral dos extratos foi determinado de maneira dependente do tempo e da dose e não se correlacionou com a capacidade antioxidante. Além disso, quando as células BJ foram expostas aos extratos de raiz e folhas de L. camara, o seu potencial migratório foi drasticamente reduzido em comparação com as células não tratadas. Os extratos acima mencionados demonstraram potenciais capacidades anti-inflamatórias ao reduzir a produção de NO em células BJ induzidas por LPS.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionize healthcare, for example via decision support systems, computer vision approaches, or AI-based prevention tools. Initial results from AI applications in healthcare show promise but are rarely translated into clinical practice successfully and ethically. This occurs despite an abundance of “Trustworthy AI” guidelines. How can we explain the translational gaps of AI in healthcare? This paper offers a fresh perspective on this problem, showing that failing translation of healthcare AI markedly arises from a lack of an operational definition of “trust” and “trustworthiness”. This leads to (a) unintentional misuse concerning what trust (worthiness) is and (b) the risk of intentional abuse by industry stakeholders engaging in ethics washing. By pointing out these issues, we aim to highlight the obstacles that hinder translation of Trustworthy medical AI to practice and prevent it from fulfilling its unmet promises.

Rice production in floodplain deltas is currently vulnerable to climate change and contamination from anthropogenic activities. The relocation of rice production to upland regions could be an option for increasing the sustainability of rice production. Our study evaluated the spatial patterning of heavy metals, i.e., copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd), in rice along a topogradient from terrace to lowland areas in the Red River basin. The dataset obtained from the analysis of 61 farm sites throughout the whole basin indicated a large discrepancy in the Cu and Cd contents in rice grains from terrace and lowland paddies. While Cu and Cd were not found in most of the rice grain samples from the terrace paddies, the median Cu and Cd contents of the lowland paddy rice were 1.895 and 0.033 mg kg−1, respectively. Assessing the relationship of Cu and Cd in the soil–rice system to soil properties revealed possible correlations between soil available silicon (Si) and the Cu and Cd contents in rice grain. The enrichment of Si in rice plants likely reduces the translocation of Cu and Cd from soil to grain. Therefore, management of the Si supply, particularly in lowland paddies, should be highlighted as a way to reduce dietary intake of Cu and Cd.

Background: Nursing education across the globe is rapidly evolving in terms of curricular expectations and professional preparation. While there is a plethora of curricular resources and graduate programs in the United States, in some countries, these resources are limited. Methods: The Fulbright Specialist program, the application process, and challenges as well as the benefits of the role are described. The deliverables by the Fulbright Specialist, e.g. demonstrating classroom pedagogical methods, providing access to an online doctoral program, and explaining publication strategies, are noted. Results: Immediate and 2-month follow-up information regarding the Specialist's deliverables are described. The benefits to the Specialist are also detailed. Conclusion: Nursing educators in the U.S. and leaders of nursing schools outside of the U.S. are invited to share pedagogical practices and provide faculty development through the Fulbright Specialist program. The benefits of a collaboration are mutually beneficial. [J Nurs Educ. 2024;63(X):XXX–XXX.]

This study was conducted to assess the removal of arsenic (As) and heavy metals from mining wastewater by the combination of adsorption, using modified iron-ore drainage sludge, and horizontal-subsurface-flow constructed wetland with common reed (Phragmites australis). The pilot-scale experiment with a constant flow rate of 5 m3/day was operated for four months using real wastewater from a Pb–Zn mine in northern Vietnam. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was used for elemental analysis in wastewater and plant. X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface charge measurements (by a particle charge detector (PCD)), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and surface area Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) measurements were performed to determine the characteristics of the adsorbent. The results showed that the average removals of As, Mn, Cd, Zn, and Pb by the combined system with limestone substrate during four months were 80.3%, 96.9%, 79.6%, 52.9%, and 38.7%, respectively. The use of another constructed wetland substrate, laterite, demonstrated better removal efficiency of As than limestone. The concentrations of As and heavy metals in the effluent were lower than the limits established by the QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT for industrial wastewater, which indicated the feasibility of combining adsorption and constructed wetland for the treatment of mining wastewater.

Sonneratia alba] .E. Smith is a key mangrove species contributing to forest structure along tropical Southeast Asian coasts. This study aims to quantify the ecosystem service value of natural S. alba populations through biomass, carbon stock, carbon uptake, and oxygen production, using a case study in the Can Gio Mangrove Biosphere Reserve, Vietnam. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide a species-specific economic valuation of both carbon uptake and oxygen production for 5. alba in this region. Fifty sample plots were established to investigate above-ground biomass and carbon accumulation across diameter classes. Allometric equations were developed to estimate the above-ground biomass and carbon stock. Belowground values were assessed using standard conversion factors. Carbon uptake and oxygen production were calculated based on total carbon accumulation. The results show a total biomass of 88.25 metric tons per hectare (t ha\"), a total carbon stock of 37.95 t ha\", a carbon uptake of 139.27 t ha\", and an oxygen production of 101.32 t ha\". The estimated economic values of 5. alba include 696.3 USD ha\" for carbon uptake and 6079.2 USD ha\" for oxygen production. These results contribute to the understanding of mangrove ecosystems and offer practical input for payment for environmental services schemes and conservation policies.

Plastic is an emerging pollutant, and the quantities in rivers and oceans are expected to increase. Rivers are assumed to transport land-based plastic into the ocean, and the fluvial and marine transport processes have been relatively well studied to date. However, the processes controlling the transport in tidal rivers and estuaries, the interface between fluvial and marine systems, remain largely unresolved. For this reason, current estimates of riverine plastic pollution and export into the ocean remain highly uncertain. Hydrodynamics in tidal rivers and estuaries are influenced by tides and freshwater discharge. As a consequence, flow velocity direction and magnitude can change diurnally. In turn, this impacts the transport dynamics of solutes and pollutants, including plastics. Plastic transport dynamics in tidal rivers and estuaries remain understudied, yet the available observations suggest that plastics can be retained here for long time periods, especially during periods of low net discharge. Additional factors such as riparian vegetation and riverbank characteristics, in combination with bi-directional flows and varying water levels, can lead to an even higher likelihood of long-term retention. Here, we provide a first observation-based estimate of net plastic transport on a daily timescale in tidal rivers. For this purpose, we developed a simple Eulerian approach using sub-hourly observations of plastic transport and discharge during full tidal cycles. We applied our method to the highly polluted Saigon River, Vietnam, throughout six full tidal cycles in May 2022. We show that the net plastic transport is about 20 %–33 % of the total plastic transport. We found that plastic transport and river discharge are positively and significantly correlated (Pearson's R2 = 0.76). The net transport of plastic is higher than the net discharge (20 %–33 % and 16 %, respectively), suggesting that plastic transport is governed by factors other than water flow. Such factors include wind, varying plastic concentrations in the water, and entrapment of plastics downstream of the measurement site. The plastic net transport rates alternate between positive (seaward) net transport and negative (landward) net transport as a result of the diurnal inequality in the tidal cycles. We found that soft and neutrally buoyant items had considerably lower net transport rates than rigid and highly buoyant items (10 %–16 % vs. 30 %–38 %), suggesting that transport dynamics strongly depend on item characteristics. Our results demonstrate the crucial role of tidal dynamics and bi-directional flows in plastic transport dynamics. With this paper we emphasize the importance of understanding fundamental transport dynamics in tidal rivers and estuaries to ultimately reduce the uncertainties of plastic emission estimates into the ocean.