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The Microanalysis of Political Communication
This analysis of political speeches and televised political interviews in the UK, based on the Annual Party Conferences (1996-2000) and the last five general elections (1983-2001), evaluates the interview skills of politicians and political interviewers, investigates how and why politicians equivocate and handle interruptions and examines the nature of applause, both invited and uninvited, in political speeches.
Peter Bull is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Psychology at the University of York. He is the author of fifty academic publications principally concerned with the microanalysis of interpersonal communication. These include several books, the most recent of which is Communication Under the Microscope: The Theory and Practice of Microanalysis (Psychology Press, 2002).
Introduction Part I: Political Speeches Part II: Televised Political Interviews Conclusions
eBook
Happy orchid : help it flower, watch it flourish
\"Make the flowers on your exquisite new orchid last, and help it rebloom after dormancy. Featuring care profiles for more than 125 varieties, Happy Orchid makes it easy to care for your plant with advice on where to position it, how to keep it flowering, when to water and fertilize it, and how often to repot it. With step-by-step instructions and tips for creating attractive displays, you will soon be an expert grower, inspired to fill your home with these exotic and beautiful flowers.\"--Back cover.
Book
The role of PfEMP1 as targets of naturally acquired immunity to childhood malaria: prospects for a vaccine
The Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 antigens that are inserted onto the surface of P. falciparum infected erythrocytes play a key role both in the pathology of severe malaria and as targets of naturally acquired immunity. They might be considered unlikely vaccine targets because they are extremely diverse. However, several lines of evidence suggest that underneath this molecular diversity there are a restricted set of epitopes which may act as effective targets for a vaccine against severe malaria. Here we review some of the recent developments in this area of research, focusing on work that has assessed the potential of these molecules as possible vaccine targets.
Journal Article
Stuff you need to know!
\"Stories behind the everyday technologies that are taken for granted, such as what happens when one turns on the tap, sends a message through the Internet, telephones a friend, tweets on Twitter, recycles a can, and other fascinating facts\"--Publisher description.
Book
A subset of group A-like var genes encodes the malaria parasite ligands for binding to human brain endothelial cells
Cerebral malaria is the most deadly manifestation of infection with Plasmodium falciparum . The pathology of cerebral malaria is characterized by the accumulation of infected erythrocytes (IEs) in the microvasculature of the brain caused by parasite adhesins on the surface of IEs binding to human receptors on microvascular endothelial cells. The parasite and host molecules involved in this interaction are unknown. We selected three P. falciparum strains (HB3, 3D7, and IT/FCR3) for binding to a human brain endothelial cell line (HBEC-5i). The whole transcriptome of isogenic pairs of selected and unselected parasites was analyzed using a variant surface antigen-supplemented microarray chip. After selection, the most highly and consistently up-regulated genes were a subset of group A-like var genes ( HB3var3 , 3D7_PFD0020c , ITvar7 , and ITvar19 ) that showed 11- to >100-fold increased transcription levels. These var genes encode P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein (PfEMP)1 variants with distinct N-terminal domain types (domain cassette 8 or domain cassette 13). Antibodies to HB3var3 and PFD0020c recognized the surface of live IEs and blocked binding to HBEC-5i, thereby confirming the adhesive function of these variants. The clinical in vivo relevance of the HBEC-selected parasites was supported by significantly higher surface recognition of HBEC-selected parasites compared with unselected parasites by antibodies from young African children suffering cerebral malaria (Mann–Whitney test, P = 0.029) but not by antibodies from controls with uncomplicated malaria (Mann–Whitney test, P = 0.58). This work describes a binding phenotype for virulence-associated group A P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 variants and identifies targets for interventions to treat or prevent cerebral malaria.
Journal Article
A flow-of-funds perspective on the financial crisis. Volume II, Macroeconomic imbalances and risks to financial stability
This title takes a flow-of-funds perspective on the financial crisis. It illustrates the broad range of interlinkages between the financial side and the real side of the economy and highlights the role of balance sheet variables and sectoral balance sheet positions in the evolution of the financial crisis, covering the United States, the Eurozone, the United Kingdom, Japan and Slovenia.
Book
Public antibodies to malaria antigens generated by two LAIR1 insertion modalities
Up to 10% of individuals in malaria-endemic regions produce antibodies that react to malaria antigens through an additional LAIR1 domain that is inserted by two different insertion modalities.
Diversifying malaria antibodies
Antonio Lanzavecchia and colleagues show that in malaria endemic regions, 5% to 10% of exposed individuals have antibodies directed against a type of variant antigen expressed on the surface of cells infected with
Plasmodium falciparum
that have an insertion of the LAIR1 domain. For comparison, less than 0.01% of the European blood donors showed very low levels of such antibodies. Insertion of templated DNA into either the VDJ or IgH switch region of the antibody generates antibodies with two distinct binding specificities and represents an additional mechanism of antibody diversification.
In two previously described donors, the extracellular domain of LAIR1, a collagen-binding inhibitory receptor encoded on chromosome 19 (ref.
1
), was inserted between the V and DJ segments of an antibody. This insertion generated, through somatic mutations, broadly reactive antibodies against RIFINs, a type of variant antigen expressed on the surface of
Plasmodium falciparum
-infected erythrocytes
2
. To investigate how frequently such antibodies are produced in response to malaria infection, we screened plasma from two large cohorts of individuals living in malaria-endemic regions. Here we report that 5–10% of malaria-exposed individuals, but none of the European blood donors tested, have high levels of LAIR1-containing antibodies that dominate the response to infected erythrocytes without conferring enhanced protection against febrile malaria. By analysing the antibody-producing B cell clones at the protein, cDNA and gDNA levels, we characterized additional
LAIR1
insertions between the V and DJ segments and discovered a second insertion modality whereby the
LAIR1
exon encoding the extracellular domain and flanking intronic sequences are inserted into the switch region. By exon shuffling, this mechanism leads to the production of bispecific antibodies in which the LAIR1 domain is precisely positioned at the elbow between the VH and CH1 domains. Additionally, in one donor the genomic DNA encoding the VH and CH1 domains was deleted, leading to the production of a camel-like LAIR1-containing antibody. Sequencing of the switch regions of memory B cells from European blood donors revealed frequent templated inserts originating from transcribed genes that, in rare cases, comprised exons with orientations and frames compatible with expression. These results reveal different modalities of
LAIR1
insertion that lead to public and dominant antibodies against infected erythrocytes and suggest that insertion of templated DNA represents an additional mechanism of antibody diversification that can be selected in the immune response against pathogens and exploited for B cell engineering.
Journal Article
A flow-of-funds perspective on the financial crisis. Volume I, Money, credit and sectoral balance sheets
Provides a comprehensive overview of a broad range of uses of the flow of funds within the central bank community as well as in the academic field, prepared by international experts in the field. Based on the crisis experience, it offers an overview of lessons for macrofinancial analysis and financial stability.
Book
Plasmodium falciparum adapts its investment into replication versus transmission according to the host environment
The malaria parasite life cycle includes asexual replication in human blood, with a proportion of parasites differentiating to gametocytes required for transmission to mosquitoes. Commitment to differentiate into gametocytes, which is marked by activation of the parasite transcription factor ap2-g , is known to be influenced by host factors but a comprehensive model remains uncertain. Here, we analyze data from 828 children in Kilifi, Kenya with severe, uncomplicated, and asymptomatic malaria infection over 18 years of falling malaria transmission. We examine markers of host immunity and metabolism, and markers of parasite growth and transmission investment. We find that inflammatory responses associated with reduced plasma lysophosphatidylcholine levels are associated with markers of increased investment in parasite sexual reproduction (i.e. transmission investment) and reduced growth (i.e. asexual replication). This association becomes stronger with falling transmission and suggests that parasites can rapidly respond to the within-host environment, which in turn is subject to changing transmission.
Journal Article