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Filaments were produced with eight different blends for use in Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) printers by adding 10% and 15% linden and oak wood flours as support materials to a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix. Wood polymer L-shaped connectors were printed from the produced filaments in the FDM printer. These L-shaped connectors were fixed to the particleboard corner joints to produce L-shaped corner joint specimens. These specimens were subjected to cross-compression and cross-tension tests using special molds in a universal testing machine to determine the effects of wood flour, wood species, and additive ratio on cross-compression and tensile moments. Thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis, and differential scanning calorimetric analyses were performed to determine the thermal properties of the wood-polymer composites, while scanning electron microscope imaging was performed to determine their morphological structures. Additionally, the tensile strength of the composites was also determined. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the samples produced with different wood flour types and additive ratios were lower than those of pure PLA. However, in diagonal compression and diagonal tensile tests conducted using L-joint elements obtained from different wood species and printed on an FDM printer.

This research aimed to determine the impact of the mechanical densifying process of wood material on the varnish surface adhesion strength. Specimens from black pine (Pinus nigra) and Uludag fir (Abies bornmuelleriana Mattf.) were subjected to densification in a hydraulic press at 140 °C to the extent of 25% and 50% in the radial direction. While densification increased the surface adhesion strength of the varnish layer in black pine, the value decreased in fir. Regarding the interaction between densification ratio, surface treatment, and wood type, the highest surface adhesion strength of the varnish layer was found in black pine + unsanded surface + 25% densification, and the lowest was in Uludag fir + unsanded surface + 50% densification. It can be stated that the densification process creates high adhesion values for the polyurethane varnish in the black pine wood type. The sanding process has an intensifying effect on these values, and the products that were obtained from the polyurethane varnished samples do not require sanding. Considering these situations can provide significant advantages in projects with wood materials subjected to the densification process.

This research was aimed at determining the surface roughness and surface brightness properties of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood samples to which water-based varnishes were applied after thermo-mechanical densification and heat treatment. Samples; after densifying by compression in the radial direction at two different rates (20 and 40 %) and two different temperatures (110 and 150 °C), samples were subjected to 2 h of heat treatment at 190, 200, and 210 °C. Then, surface of the samples was varnished with one-component (OCW) and two-component (TCW) water-based varnishes. The changes occurring in surface roughness and surface brightness of the samples were determined according to the basis of TS 2495 EN ISO 3274, TS 6212 EN ISO 4288 and TS EN ISO 2813. According to results of the research, surface roughness decreased and surface brightness increased in densified samples. On the other hand, an increase in the heat treatment temperature led to an increase in surface roughness and a decrease in surface brightness. Also, regarding the effect of varnish type on both surface roughness and surface brightness, better results were obtained in the surface OCW applied compared to those TCW applied.

The physical and mechanical properties of laminates can be influenced by the types, general characteristics, and pressing conditions of the papers and resins used in their production. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of layer structure on some of the physical and mechanical characteristics of high-pressure laminates (HPL). Laminates with five different layer structures were produced. Laminate types included standard laminate, laminate with a barrier layer, laminate with a barrier and an overlay, laminate with an overlay, and laminate with a barrier and an aluminum oxide overlay. Specimens chosen from these laminates were subjected to resistance to wear, scratching, staining, steam, dry heat, cigarette burns, cracking, breaking, and color change under xenon arc lamp light tests. Specimens were also subjected to immersion in boiling water tests in conformance with the EN 438 standards. Results obtained from these tests showed that the arrangement of different layers does not influence resistance to cracking, breaking, or change of color under xenon arc lamp light but does influence the other resistance characteristics. Use of an aluminum oxide overlay positively contributes to all of the resistance characteristics. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

This study was designed to determine some physical and mechanical properties of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) made of black alder (Alnus glutinosa). Veneers were prepared from 2-mm and 4-mm-thick black alder and glued using polyvinyl acetate (PVA) and polyurethane (PU) adhesives. Results showed that the specific gravity and mechanical properties of the LVL produced from 2-mm veneers were higher compared to those from 4-mm veneers. In other words, as the thickness increases, a decrease is observed in the specific gravity and mechanical property values. Except for nail- and screw-holding strength values perpendicular to the glueline, all the other values obtained with the PVA adhesive were higher compared to those obtained with the PU adhesives.