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Mycoplasma bovis (Mbovis) was first detected in cattle in New Zealand (NZ) in July 2017. To prevent further spread, NZ launched a world-first National Eradication Programme in May 2018. Existing diagnostic tests for Mbovis have been applied in countries where Mbovis is endemic, for detecting infection following outbreaks of clinical disease. Diagnostic test evaluation (DTE) under NZ conditions was thus required to inform the Programme. We used Bayesian Latent Class Analysis on paired serum ELISA (ID Screen Mycoplasma bovis Indirect from IDvet) and tonsillar swabs (qPCR) for DTE in the absence of a gold standard. Tested samples were collected at slaughter between June 2018 and November 2019, from infected herds depopulated by the Programme. A first set of models evaluated the detection of active infection, i.e. the presence of Mbovis in the host. At a modified serology positivity threshold of SP %> = 90, estimates of animal-level ELISA sensitivity was 72.8% (95% credible interval 68.5%—77.4%), respectively 97.7% (95% credible interval 97.3%—98.1%) for specificity, while the qPCR sensitivity was 45.2% (95% credible interval 41.0%—49.8%), respectively 99.6% (95% credible interval 99.4%—99.8%) for specificity. In a second set of models, prior information about ELISA specificity was obtained from the National Beef Cattle Surveillance Programme, a population theoretically free—or very low prevalence—of Mbovis. These analyses aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the ELISA test targeting prior exposure to Mbovis, rather than active infection. The specificity of the ELISA for detecting exposure to Mbovis was 99.9% (95% credible interval 99.7%—100.0%), hence near perfect at the threshold SP%=90. This specificity estimate, considerably higher than in the first set of models, was equivalent to the manufacturer’s estimate. The corresponding ELISA sensitivity estimate was 66.0% (95% credible interval 62.7%-70.7%). These results confirm that the IDvet ELISA test is an appropriate tool for determining exposure and infection status of herds, both to delimit and confirm the absence of Mbovis.

Within host-parasite communities, viral co-circulation and co-infections of hosts are the norm, yet studies of significant emerging zoonoses tend to focus on a single parasite species within the host. Using a multiplexed paramyxovirus bead-based PCR on urine samples from Australian flying foxes, we show that multi-viral shedding from flying fox populations is common. We detected up to nine bat paramyxoviruses shed synchronously. Multi-viral shedding infrequently coalesced into an extreme, brief and spatially restricted shedding pulse, coinciding with peak spillover of Hendra virus, an emerging fatal zoonotic pathogen of high interest. Such extreme pulses of multi-viral shedding could easily be missed during routine surveillance yet have potentially serious consequences for spillover of novel pathogens to humans and domestic animal hosts. We also detected co-occurrence patterns suggestive of the presence of interactions among viruses, such as facilitation and cross-immunity. We propose that multiple viruses may be interacting, influencing the shedding and spillover of zoonotic pathogens. Understanding these interactions in the context of broader scale drivers, such as habitat loss, may help predict shedding pulses of Hendra virus and other fatal zoonoses.

This study sought to fill in a gap in civic journalism research by considering its implications for community newspapers, those small, locally oriented publications that serve rural and suburban communities throughout the country. In particular, this study posed the argument that such newspapers may have advantages in pursuing civic journalism, and that these approaches may especially benefit newspapers in high-growth communities. This study relied heavily on the language of theorists who describe journalism as a public conversation, the quality of which - its usefulness for readers as citizens and members of a community - the press can either help or hinder.This study also relied on the assumption that civic journalism suggests a social imperative as well as a civic one: How well newspapers help readers, particularly newcomers, integrate into the community socially may affect how well these residents become invested, participatory citizens. Accordingly, this study sought to test whether new and long-time readers seek different kinds of information from the newspaper and whether a leaning toward civic or social interests corresponds to length of residence.A telephone survey of subscribers of The Williamson County Sun, a semi-weekly newspaper in Georgetown, Texas, was undertaken to evaluate readers' use and perceptions of the paper as a vehicle for familiarizing newcomers with the community, facilitating community involvement and helping residents navigate changes related to growth. Results did not demonstrate a relationship between length of residence and interest in social-oriented news, although a potential relationship was suggested between interest in certain types of news and reasons for moving to Williamson County. The strongest findings of the study related to readers' perceptions of their relationship with the community newspaper compared to the nearby metro daily, and their evaluations of the newspaper's usefulness in facilitating a public conversation through strong local news coverage.

Apr. 25--Billy A. Cooper pleaded guilty in McCracken Circuit Court on Thursday to stabbing his ex-girlfriend's new boyfriend six times and fleeing from police with his infant son in the car.

Prior to that, she lived in apartments in California and North Carolina under the Kentucky Bureau of Investigation's witness protection program.

Apr. 23--A McCracken County grand jury will review charges against three men accused of knocking a man off his bicycle and stealing his debit card, District Judge Tony Kitchen ordered Tuesday.

Apr. 22--A McCracken County jury fined Dickie Todd $25 Monday for violating the city smoking ban, but Todd said he is considering serving 10 days in jail instead because he does not believe he did anything wrong.

Kauffman is now serving time at the Attica Correctional Facility on charges of burglary, attempted robbery, kidnapping and criminal use of a firearm, according to the New York Department of Corrections.

Kenneth H. Jones, charged with murder in the shooting death of his neighbor Perry D. Warren, also faces a wrongful death lawsuit filed by Warren's widow, Chera Lynn Warren.