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Current and future trends in topology optimization for additive manufacturing
Manufacturing-oriented topology optimization has been extensively studied the past two decades, in particular for the conventional manufacturing methods, for example, machining and injection molding or casting. Both design and manufacturing engineers have benefited from these efforts because of the close-to-optimal and friendly-to-manufacture design solutions. Recently, additive manufacturing (AM) has received significant attention from both academia and industry. AM is characterized by producing geometrically complex components layer-by-layer, and greatly reduces the geometric complexity restrictions imposed on topology optimization by conventional manufacturing. In other words, AM can make near-full use of the freeform structural evolution of topology optimization. Even so, new rules and restrictions emerge due to the diverse and intricate AM processes, which should be carefully addressed when developing the AM-specific topology optimization algorithms. Therefore, the motivation of this perspective paper is to summarize the state-of-art topology optimization methods for a variety of AM topics. At the same time, this paper also expresses the authors’ perspectives on the challenges and opportunities in these topics. The hope is to inspire both researchers and engineers to meet these challenges with innovative solutions.
Journal Article
Proportional Topology Optimization: A New Non-Sensitivity Method for Solving Stress Constrained and Minimum Compliance Problems and Its Implementation in MATLAB
A new topology optimization method called the Proportional Topology Optimization (PTO) is presented. As a non-sensitivity method, PTO is simple to understand, easy to implement, and is also efficient and accurate at the same time. It is implemented into two MATLAB programs to solve the stress constrained and minimum compliance problems. Descriptions of the algorithm and computer programs are provided in detail. The method is applied to solve three numerical examples for both types of problems. The method shows comparable efficiency and accuracy with an existing optimality criteria method which computes sensitivities. Also, the PTO stress constrained algorithm and minimum compliance algorithm are compared by feeding output from one algorithm to the other in an alternative manner, where the former yields lower maximum stress and volume fraction but higher compliance compared to the latter. Advantages and disadvantages of the proposed method and future works are discussed. The computer programs are self-contained and publicly shared in the website www.ptomethod.org.
Journal Article
A great place to work for all : better for business, better for people, better for the world
\"From Great Place to Work, which produces the popular FORTUNE 100 Best Companies to Work For ranking, comes a new definition of what it takes to make an organization great FOR ALL--for the business, for people and for the world. For 20 years Great Place to Work has published their gold-standard list of the 100 Best Companies to Work For. But their latest research shows that what was good enough to be a \"great\" workplace 10 or 20 years ago is not good enough now. Even at the best workplaces, leaders can--and must--do better. CEO Michael C. Bush and his team connect the dots to show how the emerging economy is about developing every ounce of human potential. Today's business climate is defined by speed, social technologies and people expecting \"values\" besides value. As a result, leaders have to create an outstanding culture for everyone, no matter who they are or what they do for the organization. They have to build a Great Place to Work For All. The authors share new research on how Great Places to Work For All outperform in the stock market and grow revenue 3x faster than less-inclusive rivals. Bush and his team tell surprising, inspiring stories about how closing gaps in the work experience between groups of employees pays off for everyone. They document the ways Great Places to Work For All benefit the individuals working there and contribute to a better global society. And they introduce a new leadership framework, showing the advantages of what the authors define as Level 5 \"For All\" leaders. In effect, the times demand executives who not only are business-savvy but also are devoted to fairness, have deep faith in people, and empower all individuals to reach their full human potential. This is a call to lead so that organizations bring out the best in everyone\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Axicabtagene Ciloleucel as Second-Line Therapy for Large B-Cell Lymphoma
In a trial involving patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma, the CAR T-cell therapy axicabtagene ciloleucel led to significantly longer event-free survival than standard salvage chemotherapy (which was followed by high-dose therapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation in patients with a response). High-grade toxic effects were common, but most patients recovered.
Journal Article
أجندة لاقتصاد جديد من الثروة الوهمية إلى الثروة الحقيقية
يتناول كتاب (أجندة لاقتصاد جديد من الثروة الوهمية إلى الثروة الحقيقية) والذي قام بتأليفه (ديفيد سي. كورتين) في حوالي (327) صفحة من القطع المتوسط موضوع (الثروة في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية) مستعرضا المحتويات التالية : الباب الأول : حجة الاقتصاد الجديد، الباب الثاني : حجة استبدال وول ستريت، الباب الثالث : رؤية الاقتصاد حي، الباب الرابع : أجندة الاقتصاد حي، الباب الخامس : الإبحار في مياه مجهولة.
Book
Topology optimization based on deep representation learning (DRL) for compliance and stress-constrained design
This paper proposed a new topology optimization method based on geometry deep learning. The density distribution in design domain is described by deep neural networks. Compared to traditional density-based method, using geometry deep learning method to describe the density distribution function can guarantee the smoothness of the boundary and effectively overcome the checkerboard phenomenon. The design variables can be reduced phenomenally based on deep learning representation method. The numerical results for three different kernels including the Gaussian, Tansig, and Tribas are compared. The structural complexity can be directly controlled through the architectures of the neural networks, and minimum length is also controllable for the Gaussian kernel. Several 2-D and 3-D numerical examples are demonstrated in detail to demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed method from minimum compliance to stress-constrained problems.
Journal Article
أثر الهدوء ! : كيف تكون انبساطيا ناجحا
إذا كنت شخصا هادئا فسيساعدك هذا الكتاب على المضي قدما على نحو ملائم في هذا العالم الصاخب وعلى أن تكون ناجحا فيما يهمك من الأمور وإذا كنت شخصا يميل إلى الأنبساط والمرح فسوف تتفهم الآخرين الهادئين الذين مررت بهم بصورة أفضل وتقدر مكمن قوتهم، سواء أشركاء كانوا أم أقرباء أم أصدقاء أم زملاء أم مديرين وحتى إن كانوا أفراد أسرتك أما إذا لم تكن متأكدا من أنك هادئ أم إنطوائي ففي الكتاب أختبار يساعدك على حسم القرار وفي الأحوال كلها فإن كتاب أثر الهدوء معد بطريقة تمكنك من ربط جوهر الموضوع بوضعك الشخصي لذا تعرف إلى نفسك، وتواصل مع الآخرين بعد تعرفك إليهم وأعرف طريقة التفكير والتواصل التي يحبها الأنطوائيون وابدأ بدراسة شخصيتك ثم شخصيات الآخرين ففي الكتاب كثير من القصص الواقعية والأحداث العملية والمواقف المتكررة والمشابهة لحياتك والتي تمكنك من تعرف الآخرين بصورة أكبر فتتعامل معهم بطرق أفضل.
Book
Modified inherent strain method for efficient prediction of residual deformation in direct metal laser sintered components
It is challenging to predict the residual deformation in the part-scale by performing detailed process simulation for the large part. In this work, the modified inherent strain theory is proposed to enable efficient yet accurate prediction of the residual deformation of large components produced by the Direct Metal Laser Sintering process. The proposed theory allows for the calculation of inherent strain accurately based on a small-scale process simulation of a small representative volume. The extracted mean inherent strain vector will be applied to a part-scale model layer-by-layer in order to simulate accumulation of the residual deformation by static finite element analysis. To verify the accuracy of the proposed method, the residual deformation of the double cantilever beam and the complex canonical part after the DMLS process is investigated, and the predicted residual deformation matches well with the experimental results for both large parts while the computational efficiency is also shown.
Journal Article