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Beekeepers need to establish migratory apiaries to benefit from pollen and nectar source plants as in order to increase honey yield. Thus, following the flowering seasons of honey source plants has vital importance when deciding the route of migration. In this study, MODIS imagery was used to generate weekly NDVI data between 1 April to 31 August 2018, when beekeeping activities start and end in the study area. Although MODIS images have high temporal resolution, low spatial resolution (250 meters) makes them insufficient when deciding the crop types and plants. While detecting plants in natural plant areas requires high spatial resolution NDVI, Crop Coverage Registration System (CCRS) parcel-based crop coverage records can enrich the NDVI data without increasing spatial resolution in agricultural lands. Thus, the CCRS data were integrated with NDVI images for migratory beekeeping in agricultural areas as an innovation. To generate both high temporal and spatial resolution, NDVI and CCRS data were integrated together with a beekeeping suitability map to generate the apiary schedule. The results were verified with 176 existing apiary locations and production dates retrieved from field studies which revealed the existence of three seasons in the study area as early and late apiaries (in natural plant areas) and apiaries in agricultural lands. Accuracy analysis showed that 82% of the apiaries intersected with suitable locations and that apiaries in agricultural areas were detected five days earlier than in field studies and obtained more accurately than natural plant apiaries.

This paper analyzes climate variability and change in the Urmia Lake Basin, northwest of Iran. Annual average of the following data time series has been analyzed by statistical methods: dry bulb temperature, maximum and minimum temperature, precipitation, and number of rainy and snowy days. We have also used mean monthly temperature and precipitation data for analysis of drought spells for the period 1964–2005 to find out whether fluctuations in the lake level are attributable to natural drought. Our results indicate that mean precipitation has decreased by 9.2 % and the average maximum temperature has increased by 0.8°C over these four decades. The seasonal changes are particularly visible in winter and spring. Results of the Palmer Drought Severity Index show that on average, drought episodes have hit the Urmia Lake Basin every 5 years and most of them reached severe levels, but recent droughts have become more intense and last longer.

Obesity is an independent risk factor for heart diseases but the underlying mechanism is not clear. This study examined cardiac contraction, oxidative stress, oxidative modification of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) and the myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform switch in obese mice. Mechanical properties were evaluated in ventricular myocytes from C57BL/6J lean and Lep/Lep obese mice (formerly known as ob/ob mice), including peak shortening (PS), time to 50 or 90% PS, time to 50 or 90% relengthening (TR50, TR90), maximal velocity of shortening/relengthening (+/-dL/dt), intracellular Ca2+ and its decay (tau). Oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, protein damage and SERCA activity were assessed by glutathione/glutathione disulfide, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl and 45Ca2+ uptake, respectively. NADPH oxidase was determined by immunoblotting. Myocytes from Lep/Lep mice displayed depressed PS and +/- dL/dt, prolonged TR50, TR90, elevated resting [Ca2+]i, prolonged tau, reduced contractile capacity at high stimulus frequencies and diminished responsiveness to extracellular Ca2+ compared with lean controls. Cardiac glutathione/glutathione disulfide was decreased whereas malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, membrane p47(phox) and membrane gp91(phox) were increased in the Lep/Lep group. SERCA isoenzyme 2a was markedly modified by oxidation in Lep/Lep hearts and associated with decreased 45Ca2+ uptake. The MHC isozyme displayed a shift from the alpha to the beta isoform in Lep/Lep hearts. Short-term incubation of angiotensin II with myocytes mimicked the mechanical defects, SERCA oxidation and 45Ca2+ uptake seen in Lep/Lep myocytes. Incubation of the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin with Lep/Lep myocytes alleviated contractile defects without reversing SERCA oxidation or activity. These data indicate that obesity-related cardiac defects may be related to NADPH oxidase activation, oxidative damage to SERCA and the MHC isozyme switch.

Netherton syndrome (NS) is a rare genodermatosis characterized by the triad of ichthyosiform erythroderma, hair shaft abnormality and an atopic diathesis. We report a case of a 20-year-old male patient presented with pruritus, decreased sweat secretion and generalized erythema on his body. Netherton syndrome is caused by mutations in the gene that is a crucial role for epidermal barrier function in the skin. Different clinical and phenotypical features can occur based on various LEKTI-domains mutations. Diagnosis is made by the atopic story, hair shaft abnormality, cutaneous lesions and identification of the gene mutation. In our patient, we detected a new splice site mutation in the gene and pili annulati as hair abnormality. Affected patients are usually misdiagnosed because of cutaneous lesions such as atopic dermatitis. Therefore, each clinical finding should be evaluated together. We aimed to present a case with a new gene mutation and different clinical features in NS.

Bronchogenic cysts are rare lesions that form during early embryogenesis and are commonly located in the mediastinum. Retroperitoneal bronchogenic cysts (RBs) are exceptionally rare, with only a handful of cases reported in the modern literature. Here, we report an RB found incidentally on imaging in a patient with suspected nephrolithiasis. We also review the unique imaging and histopathological findings of this entity and discuss why prophylactic surgery is considered the treatment of choice.

Background The percentage of elderly patients with colorectal liver metastases (CLM) has increased. Liver resection remains the only curative therapy; data evaluating the outcome in this age group is limited. Aim of the present study was to determine if postoperative morbidity, mortality, and other independent predictors influence survival in patients ≥70 years undergoing liver resection for CLM. Methods Clinical data on primary tumor and metastases of 939 patients after liver resection for CLM between 1994 and 2008 were retrospectively collected and subdivided in three age-groups (≥70, 40–69, <40). Independent predictors of survival were evaluated with overall and age-specific univariate and multivariate Cox regression models. Results A total of 939 patients underwent liver resection for CLM, 20.3% aged ≥70 years. Overall postoperative mortality and morbidity were 1.08 and 14.82%, revealing no age-related differences. With 5-year survival of 31.8% in the elderly and 37.5% in the mid-age population, age ≥70 years was linked with decreased survival (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 1.305; P  = 0.0186). Multivariate overall analyses showed size of CLM > 50 mm (HR = 1.376; P  = 0.0060), a high amount of transfusion during surgery (HR = 1.676; P  = 0.0110), duration of surgery >210 min (HR = 1.241; P  = 0.0322), primary UICC (International Union Against Cancer) stage IV (HR = 2.297; P  < 0.0001), and performance of repeat resections (HR = 0.652; P  = 0.0107) as independent predictors of survival. In the elderly group, effects of UICC IV (HR = 3.260; P  = 0.0148) and high numbers of transfusions (HR = 3.647; P  = 0.0129) were confirmed; the others did not show statistical significance. Conclusions Resection of CLM at older age is feasible with morbidity and mortality rates similar to those in younger patients. Although age ≥70 was shown to be associated with poorer overall outcome, reasonable 5-year survival was observed.

Objective: Glutamate is the major excitatory transmitter in the brain. The excessive glutamate will lead to excitotoxicity. Glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) is the major transporter that performs 95% of the glutamate clearance contributing to normal neuronal function and preventing excitotoxicity. In this study, we investigated the effect of two toxins, kainic acid and MPP+ (1-methyl-4- phenylpyridinium), on GLT-1 expression and excitotoxicity in neuroblastoma and glia cells (immortalized human astrocytes). Methods: We treated neuroblastoma and glia cells with kainic acid and MPP+, applied MTT assay to measure the cell viability. We identified the mRNA and protein levels of GLT-1 and also analyzed released glutamate levels using glutamate assay. Results: The mRNA level of GLT-1 increased in neuroblastoma cells as a result of kainic acid or MPP+ treatment while the protein expression of GLT-1 increased in glia cells after the treatment with MPP+. Excess glutamate was found to be decreased after 12 h MPP+ treatment. However, this decrease was no more prominent with further MPP+ treatment. Conclusion: Our results show that GLT-1 levels are elevated as a result of kainic acid or MPP+ treatment as a survival mechanism to prevent excitotoxicity.

Kaehler manifolds which are used in physics have a lot of application fields. In this study we only state concircular and concurrent vector field that are defined on these manifolds. A vector field on a pseudo-Riemannian manifold N is called concircular, if it satisfies ∇X = μX for any vector X tangent to N, where ∇ is the Levi-Civita connection of N. Furthermore, a concircular vector field is called a concurrent vector field if the function μ is non-constant. So, we provide some results on submanifolds of pseudo-Kaehler manifolds with respect to a concircular vector field or a concurrent vector field. Morever, we investigate this problem for another manifolds and proof some theorems.

Theory of elasticity is a topic that keeps improving by using on many fields such as geometry, physics, chemistry and engineering. Energy density is given as some functions of curvature and torsion. If the curve of the Is will be an external for the variation problem that minimizes the value of energy density: then this curve is called as relaxed elastic line. The relaxed elastic line on an oriented surface is considered as a model of DNA molecule. In this study, we worked on the second type relaxed elastic lines on the semi-dual spaces which has an important point on kinematic and Einstein's relativity theory. We also obtained boundary conditions for this type of curves. Moreover, the minimization problem of the energy which occurs with an applied force on an elastic line was discussed. Then, we researched the formed potential energy due to the applied force. Also, during the calculation of the potential energy on the elastic line, the amount of the potential energy for unit length of the elastic line was used. Afterwards, by integrating that amount, total potential energy calculated. So, we study to make a contribute both Einstein's relativity theory and kinematic.

Over the past decade, the importance of the beekeeping activities has been emphasized in the field of biodiversity, ecosystems, agriculture and human health. Thus, efficient management and deciding correct beekeeping activities seems essential to maintain and improve productivity and efficiency. Due to this importance, considering the economic contributions to the rural area, the need for suitability analysis concept has been revealed. At this point, Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) integration provides efficient solutions to the complex structure of decision- making process for beekeeping activities. In this study, site suitability analysis via Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was carried out for Konya city in Turkey. Slope, elevation, aspect, distance to water resources, roads and settlements, precipitation and flora criteria are included to determine suitability. The requirements, expectations and limitations of beekeeping activities are specified with the participation of experts and stakeholders. The final suitability map were validated with existing 117 beekeeping locations and Turkish Statistical Institute 2016 beekeeping statistics for Konya province.