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Background Despite chemotherapy being a common treatment, an increase in chemoresistance over time is unavoidable. We therefore investigated the role of miR-194-5p in regulating chordoma cell behavior and examined the downstream effectors of miR-194-5p. Methods In this study, NSCLC cell lines A549 and H460 were cultured under hypoxic conditions for 1 week to induce drug resistance to doxorubicin (DOX). The connection between miR-194-5p and HIF-1 was revealed by reverse transcription and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western blot, and dual-luciferase assays. We used TUNEL staining and the CCK-8 test to assess the sensitivity of NSCLC cells to DOX. Results We found that hypoxia-induced NSCLC cells enhanced resistance to DOX. MiR-194-5p was substantially reduced, and HIF-1 was increased in hypoxia-induced drug-resistant NSCLC cells. Moreover, miR-194-5p successfully induced NSCLC cell apoptosis by directly inhibiting HIF-1, thereby enhancing DOX sensitivity. Conclusions MiR-194-5p enhanced the sensitivity of NSCLC cells to DOX by directly inhibiting HIF-1. This work provides insights into underlying treatments for drug-resistant NSCLC.

【Objective】 Improving water and nutrient use efficiency is essential for promoting sustainable agriculture. This study investigates the combined effects of water and phosphorus applications on growth, photosynthetic characteristics, and yield of alfalfa. 【Method】The experiment was conducted in the Yinda Irrigation District of Gansu Province using the variety Jieyi alfalfa as the model plant. The experiment consisted of three water treatments with soil moisture content kept at 45%-60% (low, W1), 60%-75% (medium, W2), and 75%-90% (high, W3) of the field capacity. For each soil moisture treatment, there were three phosphorus treatments by applying 0 (low, P0), 50 kg/hm2 (medium, P1) and 100 kg/hm2 (high, P2) of phosphorus fertilizer. In each treatment, we measured plant traits, photosynthesis, and hay yield. 【Result】① Under low and medium soil moisture conditions, plant height, stem diameter, leaf-to-stem ratio, photosynthetic performance, and irrigation water use efficiency all increased with phosphorus application, peaking when phosphorous application was 100 kg/hm2. ② Under high soil moisture conditions, these parameters increased initially and then declined with increasing phosphorus application, reaching their maximum when phosphorus application was 50 kg/hm2. ③ When phosphorus application was the same, the impact of soil moisture on hay yield followed the order: high＞medium＞low soil moisture. Among all treatments, the highest yield was achieved under W3P1, which, compared with the low water and low phosphorus treatment, increased the hay yield by 11.78%, 9.51%, and 13.63%, respectively. 【Conclusion】Among all treatments, the optimal water and phosphorus application for maximizing alfalfa hay yield was W3P1, where soil moisture was maintained at 75%-90% of the field capacity throughout the growing period by applying 50 kg/hm2 of phosphorus.

Due to its compact size and resistance to electromagnetic interference. Applications for traveling wave rotary ultrasonic motors (TRUM) include robotic joint drives and aerospace.The motor’s energy conversion efficiency is impacted by the characteristics of the friction layer, yet the underlying mechanism influencing the efficiency remains unreported. Using the previously created finite element model, the mechanism via which the amount of thickness within the friction layer influences the motor output characteristics is examined.Analysis is done on the variations in motor loss, energy conversion efficiency, and input-output characteristics. The computation results show that when the friction layer is less than 0.4 mm, the machine’s output speed increases as the friction layer’s thickness decreases.The results of the calculation indicate that when the friction layer thickness is between 0.05 and 0.4 mm, the motor’s output torque and speed would drop. The findings indicate that the output torque and motor torque decrease as the friction layer thickness increases when it is between 0.05 and 0.4 mm. Both the viscoelastic losses and the motor’s energy conversion efficiency rise.Research shows that the friction layer thickness has a huge impact on the motor and cannot be ignored, providing a reference for the application of motors in industries such as robot joints.

The ATLAS Liquid Argon (LAr) calorimeters consist of an electromagnetic barrel calorimeter and two end-caps with electromagnetic, hadronic and forward calorimeters. A total of 182,468 signals are digitized and processed real-time on detector, to provide energy and time deposited in each detector element at every occurrence of the Level-1 trigger. A luminosity upgrade of the LHC will occur in the years ∼2020. The current readout electronics will need to be upgraded to sustain the higher radiation levels. A completely innovative readout scheme is being developed. The front-end readout will send out data continuously at each bunch crossing through high speed radiation resistant optical links, the data will be processed real-time with the possibility of implementing trigger algorithms. This article is an overview of the R&D activities and architectural studies the ATLAS LAr Calorimeter Group is developing.

The pathological alterations of Parkinson's disease (PD) predominantly manifest as a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, which may be caused by oxidative stress damage. Proanthocyanidins (PCs) are a class of compounds found in various plants, which have significant antioxidant and free radical-scavenging activity. The present study investigated the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of PCs in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD model in vitro and in vivo. MTT assays were used to detect cell viability, and flow cytometry and TUNEL assays were used to detect cell apoptosis. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) alterations were investigated using a JC-1 MMP Assay kit. The pole test was used to measure motor behavior in a mouse model of PD. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured using the fluorescent probe, 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were performed to detect the expression levels of proteins associated with PD. In vitro, it was demonstrated that in MPTP-treated PC12 cells, PCs increased cell viability and reduced cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo, it was revealed that PC treatment inhibited striatal dopamine depletion, which resulted in significant improvements in PD-like movement impairment. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and MPTP-induced apoptosis were also inhibited. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that the neuroprotective activity of PCs may be mediated via the inhibition of ROS generation, as well as modulation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation. Taken together, these data revealed that PCs may exert neuroprotective effects in in vivo and in vitro PD models, and may have potential in the prevention or treatment of PD.

The ATLAS experiment at CERN is planning full deployment of a new unified optical link technology for connecting detector front end electronics on the timescale of the LHC Run 4 (2025). It is estimated that roughly 8000 GBT (GigaBit Transceiver) links, with transfer rates up to 10.24 Gbps, will replace existing links used for readout, detector control and distribution of timing and trigger information. A new class of devices will be needed to interface many GBT links to the rest of the trigger, data-acquisition and detector control systems. In this paper FELIX (Front End LInk eXchange) is presented, a PC-based device to route data from and to multiple GBT links via a high-performance general purpose network capable of a total throughput up to O(20 Tbps). FELIX implies architectural changes to the ATLAS data acquisition system, such as the use of industry standard COTS components early in the DAQ chain. Additionally the design and implementation of a FELIX demonstration platform is presented and hardware and software aspects will be discussed.

The choice between cold and warm electronics (inside or outside the cryostat) in very large LAr TPCs (>5-10 ktons) is not an electronics issue, but it is rather a major cryostat design issue. This is because the location of the signal processing electronics has a direct and far reaching effect on the cryostat design, an indirect effect on the TPC electrode design (sense wire spacing, wire length and drift distance), and a significant effect on the TPC performance. All these factors weigh so overwhelmingly in favor of the cold electronics that it remains an optimal solution for very large TPCs. In this paper signal and noise considerations are summarized, the concept of the readout chain is described, and the guidelines for design of CMOS circuits for operation in liquid argon (at ∼89 K) are discussed.

【目的】探究不同水磷组合对甘肃省引大灌区紫花苜蓿生长发育、光合特性及产量的影响。【方法】以“杰艺紫花苜蓿”为供试材料，设置低土壤含水率W1（田间持水率的45%~60%）、中土壤含水率W2（田间持水率的60%~75%）、高土壤含水率W3（田间持水率的75%~90%）3个水分梯度，设置低磷P0（0）、中磷P1（50 kg/hm2）、高磷P2（100 kg/hm2）3个施磷水平，探究水磷组合调控对紫花苜蓿植株性状、光合特性及产量的影响。【结果】在低土壤含水率和中土壤含水率条件下，随着施磷量的增加，紫花苜蓿株高、茎粗、叶茎比、光合特性、灌溉水利用效率均呈上升趋势，在施磷量为100 kg/hm2时达到峰值；而在高土壤含水率条件下，随着施磷量的增加，紫花苜蓿株高、茎粗、叶茎比、光合特性均呈先增高后降低趋势，在施磷量为50 kg/hm2时达到峰值。相同施磷量条件下，干草产量表现为高土壤含水率＞中土壤含水率＞低土壤含水率，每茬产量均在高土壤含水率且中磷处理下达到峰值，相比低土壤含水率且低磷处理分别增长11.78%、9.51%、13.63%。【结论】甘肃省引大灌区紫花苜蓿的干草产量达到最优的水磷处理为W3P1，即全生育期土壤含水率维持在田间持水率的75%~90%和磷肥施用量为50 kg/hm2。

It has an great significance for making heat treatment technology by researching the law of temperature variations of ductile iron in austempering. Based on the three-dimensional finite element method (FEM), the temperature variations of low alloyed bainite ductile iron in austempering are studied in this paper. The temperature relativity of the thermal physical parameters is considered during building the model. The simulation result demonstrates that during the stage of rapid cooling, the cooling speed of the surface is faster than that of the center, and the whole cooling speed increases firstly, then decreases. During the stage of isotherm, the surface temperature of the sample increases to the isothermal temperature directly, while the center temperature decreases firstly, then increases, until to the isothermal temperature.

A prototype Liquid-argon Trigger Digitizer Board (LTDB), called the LTDB Demonstrator, has been developed to demonstrate the functions of the ATLAS Liquid Argon Calorimeter Phase-I trigger electronics upgrade. Forty Analog-to-Digital converters and four FPGAs with embedded multi-gigabit-transceivers on each Demonstrator need high quality clocks. A clock distribution system based on commercial components has been developed for the Demonstrator. The design of the clock distribution system is presented. The performance of the clock distribution system has been evaluated. The components used in the clock distribution system have been qualified to meet radiation tolerance requirements of the Demonstrator.