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Purpose and scopeThe aim of this position statement is to provide recommendations aimed at Canadian reproductive care clinicians and genetics professionals regarding the use of reproductive carrier screening for autosomal recessive and X-linked recessive conditions.Methods of statement developmentA multidisciplinary expert group was assembled to review the existing literature on reproductive carrier screening for autosomal recessive and X-linked recessive conditions and make recommendations relevant to the Canadian context. The statement was circulated for comment to the membership of the Canadian College of Medical Geneticists (CCMG) and Canadian Association of Genetic Counsellors (CAGC), and multiple family physician reviewers. Feedback from these groups was incorporated, and the final position statement was approved by the CCMG Board of Directors on 5 December 2024 and the CAGC Board of Directors on 14 April 2025.Results and conclusionsRoutinely offered pan-ethnic reproductive carrier screening via a provincial or territorial programme is recommended for a limited panel of relatively common and severe childhood onset genetic conditions, based on Canadian experience with ethnicity-based testing: cystic fibrosis, fragile X syndrome, spinal muscular atrophy, haemoglobinopathies and founder mutations for Tay-Sachs disease, Canavan disease and familial dysautonomia. Provincial/territorial programmes must be developed to provide oversight, ensure appropriate resourcing and manage education and roll-out. Maintaining regional ethnicity-based screening programmes is also recommended, where relevant. Publicly funded population-level expanded carrier screening is not recommended at this time.