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"Cai, Jing"
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INTERFIRM RELATIONSHIPS AND BUSINESS PERFORMANCE
We organized business associations for the owner-managers of young Chinese firms to study the effect of business networks on firm performance. We randomized 2,820 firms into small groups whose managers held monthly meetings for one year, and into a “no-meetings” control group. We find the following. (i) The meetings increased firm revenue by 8.1%, and also significantly increased profit, factors, inputs, the number of partners, borrowing, and a management score. (ii) These effects persisted one year after the conclusion of the meetings. (iii) Firms randomized to have better peers exhibited higher growth. We exploit additional interventions to document concrete channels. (iv) Managers shared exogenous business-relevant information, particularly when they were not competitors, showing that the meetings facilitated learning from peers. (v) Managers created more business partnerships in the regular than in other one-time meetings, showing that the meetings improved supplier-client matching.
Journal Article
The Impact of Insurance Provision on Household Production and Financial Decisions
This paper uses a natural experiment to study the impact of an agricultural insurance program on household production, borrowing, and saving behavior. The empirical strategy includes difference-in-differences and triple difference estimations. The results show that insurance provision increases the insured crop production by 16 percent and raises borrowing by 29 percent. Interestingly, it does not affect total household savings; however, it does affect the relative proportion of flexible-term savings. Furthermore, effects on production and savings persist in the long run, while effects on borrowing are significant in only the medium run. Lastly, calibration results suggest that the policy is both welfare improving and cost-effective.
Journal Article
Indirect Virus Transmission in Cluster of COVID-19 Cases, Wenzhou, China, 2020
To determine possible modes of virus transmission, we investigated a cluster of coronavirus disease cases associated with a shopping mall in Wenzhou, China. Data indicated that indirect transmission of the causative virus occurred, perhaps resulting from virus contamination of common objects, virus aerosolization in a confined space, or spread from asymptomatic infected persons.
Journal Article
Enhanced degradation of bisphenol S by persulfate activated with sulfide-modified nanoscale zero-valent iron
Sulfide-modified nanoscale zero-valent iron (S-nZVI) has been considered an efficient material to remove heavy metals and organic contaminants. The experiments of bisphenol S (BPS) degradation by persulfate (PS) activated with S-nZVI (S-nZVI/PS) or nZVI (nZVI/PS) were carried out in this paper. The results show that, compared to the bare nZVI/PS system, the S-nZVI/PS system shows higher activity in BPS degradation, especially at high BPS concentration. The reaction rate constant
k
obs
of BPS removal by the S-nZVI/PS system (0.142 min
-1
) was much higher than that in nZVI/PS system (0.089 min
-1
) because more oxidation species were generated in the S-nZVI/PS system. The results of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and radical quenching tests show that both hydroxyl radical (·OH) and sulfate radical (SO
4
·-
) were involved in the degradation of BPS and had a great contribution to BPS removal. Moreover, the effects of S/Fe molar ratio, S-nZVI dosage, initial pH, and initial concentration of PS or BPS on S-nZVI/PS were also studied. The results show that the S/Fe molar ratio has significant influence on the BPS degradation; over 97.7% of the removal efficiency was achieved at 0.035 of S/Fe molar ratio. And the removal efficiency of BPS degradation increased with the increase of the dosage of S-nZVI, PS concentration. Furthermore, BPS could be efficiently removed in solutions with a wide range of initial pH (3.13–9.35). The observed results show that it is promising in the removal of micro-pollutants from water by persulfate activated with S-nZVI.
Journal Article
Duration of dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stent: systematic review and network meta-analysis
AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of standard term (12 months) or long term (>12 months) dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) versus short term (<6 months) DAPT after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stent (DES).DesignSystematic review and network meta-analysis.Data sourcesRelevant studies published between June 1983 and April 2018 from Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library for clinical trials, PubMed, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Clinicaltrialsregister.eu.Review methodsRandomised controlled trials comparing two of the three durations of DAPT (short term, standard term, and long term) after PCI with DES were included. The primary study outcomes were cardiac or non-cardiac death, all cause mortality, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, and all bleeding events.Results17 studies (n=46 864) were included. Compared with short term DAPT, network meta-analysis showed that long term DAPT resulted in higher rates of major bleeding (odds ratio 1.78, 95% confidence interval 1.27 to 2.49) and non-cardiac death (1.63, 1.03 to 2.59); standard term DAPT was associated with higher rates of any bleeding (1.39, 1.01 to 1.92). No noticeable difference was observed in other primary endpoints. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the risks of non-cardiac death and bleeding were further increased for ≥18 months of DAPT compared with short term or standard term DAPT. In the subgroup analysis, long term DAPT led to higher all cause mortality than short term DAPT in patients implanted with newer-generation DES (1.99, 1.04 to 3.81); short term DAPT presented similar efficacy and safety to standard term DAPT with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) presentation and newer-generation DES placement. The heterogeneity of pooled trials was low, providing more confidence in the interpretation of results.ConclusionsIn patients with all clinical presentations, compared with short term DAPT (clopidogrel), long term DAPT led to higher rates of major bleeding and non-cardiac death, and standard term DAPT was associated with an increased risk of any bleeding. For patients with ACS, short term DAPT presented similar efficacy and safety with standard term DAPT. For patients implanted with newer-generation DES, long term DAPT resulted in more all cause mortality than short term DAPT. Although the optimal duration of DAPT should take personal ischaemic and bleeding risks into account, this study suggested short term DAPT could be considered for most patients after PCI with DES, combining evidence from both direct and indirect comparisons.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42018099519.
Journal Article
Anatomy and Function of Ventral Tegmental Area Glutamate Neurons
The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is well known for regulating reward consumption, learning, memory, and addiction behaviors through mediating dopamine (DA) release in downstream regions. Other than DA neurons, the VTA is known to be heterogeneous and contains other types of neurons, including glutamatergic neurons. In contrast to the well-studied and established functions of DA neurons, the role of VTA glutamatergic neurons is understudied, presumably due to their relatively small quantity and lack of effective means to study them. Yet, emerging studies have begun to reveal the importance of glutamate release from VTA neurons in regulating behaviors and drug addictions through a complex intra-VTA and long-range neuronal network. In this review, we summarize the features of VTA glutamatergic neurons from three perspectives: cellular properties, neural connections, and behavioral functions. Delineation of VTA glutamatergic pathways and their interactions with VTA DA neurons in regulating behaviors may lead to previously unappreciated functions of the VTA in other physiological processes.
Journal Article
Single-cell transcriptome landscape of ovarian cells during primordial follicle assembly in mice
Primordial follicle assembly in the mouse occurs during perinatal ages and largely determines the ovarian reserve that will be available to support the reproductive life span. The development of primordial follicles is controlled by a complex network of interactions between oocytes and ovarian somatic cells that remain poorly understood. In the present research, using single-cell RNA sequencing performed over a time series on murine ovaries, coupled with several bioinformatics analyses, the complete dynamic genetic programs of germ and granulosa cells from E16.5 to postnatal day (PD) 3 were reported. Along with confirming the previously reported expression of genes by germ cells and granulosa cells, our analyses identified 5 distinct cell clusters associated with germ cells and 6 with granulosa cells. Consequently, several new genes expressed at significant levels at each investigated stage were assigned. By building single-cell pseudotemporal trajectories, 3 states and 1 branch point of fate transition for the germ cells were revealed, as well as for the granulosa cells. Moreover, Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment enabled identification of the biological process most represented in germ cells and granulosa cells or common to both cell types at each specific stage, and the interactions of germ cells and granulosa cells basing on known and novel pathway were presented. Finally, by using single-cell regulatory network inference and clustering (SCENIC) algorithm, we were able to establish a network of regulons that can be postulated as likely candidates for sustaining germ cell-specific transcription programs throughout the period of investigation. Above all, this study provides the whole transcriptome landscape of ovarian cells and unearths new insights during primordial follicle assembly in mice.
Journal Article
Occult lymph node metastasis is not a favorable factor for resected NSCLC patients
Background
This study was to compare the clinical presentations and survivals between the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with occult lymph node metastasis (OLNM) and those with evident lymph node metastasis (ELNM). We also intended to analyze the predictive factors for OLNM.
Methods
Kaplan–Meier method with log-rank test was used to compare survivals between groups. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to reduce bias. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-penalized Cox multivariable analysis was used to identify the prognostic factors. Random forest was used to determine the predictive factors for OLNM.
Results
A total of 2,067 eligible cases (N0: 1,497 cases; occult N1: 165 cases; evident N1: 54 cases; occult N2: 243 cases; evident N2: 108 cases) were included. The rate of OLNM was 21.4%. Patients with OLNM were tend to be female, non-smoker, adenocarcinoma and had smaller-sized tumors when compared with the patients with ELNM. Survival curves showed that the survivals of the patients with OLNM were similar to those of the patients with ELNM both before and after PSM. Multivariable Cox analysis suggested that positive lymph nodes (PLN) was the only prognostic factor for the patients with OLNM. Random forest showed that clinical tumor size was an important predictive factor for OLNM.
Conclusions
OLNM was not rare. OLNM was not a favorable sign for resected NSCLC patients with lymph node metastasis. PLN determined the survivals of the patients with OLNM. Clinical tumor size was a strong predictive factor for OLNM.
Journal Article