Explore the vast range of titles available.

Background Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most common gynecologic tumors among women around the world. Although the etiological role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in CC is well established, other factors in CC carcinogenesis remains unclear. Here, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the association between infections of human herpesvirus (HHVs) and CC risk. Methods Embase and PubMed databases were utilized to search the relevant studies. The revised JBI Critical Appraisal Tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Prevalence and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to evaluate the association between viral infection and CC or precancerous cervical lesions (PCL). Results Totally 67 eligible studies involving 7 different HHVs were included in meta-analysis. We found an increased risk of CC or PCL that was associated with the overall infection of HHVs (CC, OR = 2.74, 95% CI 2.13–3.53; PCL, OR = 1.95, 95% CI 1.58–2.41). Subgroup analysis showed a trend towards positive correlations between herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection and CC (OR = 3.01, 95% CI 2.24 to 4.04) or PCL (OR = 2.14, 95% CI 1.55 to 2.96), and the same is true between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and CC (OR = 4.89, 95% CI 2.18 to 10.96) or PCL (OR = 3.55, 95% CI 2.52 to 5.00). However, for HSV-1 and cytomegalovirus (HCMV), there was no association between viral infection and CC or PCL. By contrast, the roles of HHV-6, HHV-7, and Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV) in cervical lesions were unclear due to the limited number of studies. Conclusions This study provided evidence that HHVs infection as a whole increase the risk of CC incidence. In addition, some types of HHVs such as EBV and HSV-2 may serve as potential targets in the development of new interventions or therapeutic strategies for cervical lesions.

Background Previous studies have demonstrated an association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). This study was conducted to update the current understanding of the association between DM and LTBI. By conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis using adjusted odds ratios (aOR) or risk ratios (aRR), we aimed to further explore the association between DM and LTBI and provide essential reference for future research. Methods We conducted comprehensive searches in Embase, Cochrane Library, and PubMed without imposing any start date or language restrictions, up to July 19, 2022. Our study selection encompassed observational research that compared from LTBI positive rates in both DM and non-DM groups and reported aRR or aOR results. The quality of the included studies was assessed utilizing the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Pooled effect estimates were calculated using random-effects models, along with their associated 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results We included 22 studies involving 68,256 subjects. Three cohort studies were eligible, with a pooled aRR of 1.26 (95% CI: 0.71–2.23). Nineteen cross-sectional studies were eligible, with a pooled aOR of 1.21 (95% CI: 1.14–1.29). The crude RR (cRR) pooled estimate for three cohort studies was 1.62 (95% CI: 1.03–2.57). Among the cross-sectional studies we included, sixteen studies provided crude ORs, and the crude OR (cOR) pooled estimate was 1.64 (95% CI: 1.36–1.97). In the diagnosis of diabetes, the pooled aOR of the HbA1c group was higher than that of self-reported group (pooled aOR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.24–1.96 vs. 1.17, 95% CI: 1.06–1.28). Conclusion Our systematic review and meta-analysis suggest a positive association between DM and LTBI. Individuals with DM may have a higher risk of LTBI compared to those without DM. These findings provide important insights for future research and public health interventions in managing LTBI in diabetic populations.

Background Influenza A (IAV) and B (IBV) viruses are the primary etiologic agents driving seasonal influenza epidemics and global pandemics. Early prediction plays a crucial role in epidemic control and reducing mortality rates. Complete blood count (CBC), a widely used clinical tool, provides rapid and non-invasive hematological biomarkers that offer diagnostic value during the pre-pathogen confirmation phase. This study proposes a machine-learning (ML) algorithm leveraging CBC parameters to distinguish IAV and IBV from other infections. This approach may complement nucleic acid tests and antigen assays, enabling timely interventions and reducing diagnostic delays. Methods This study retrospectively collected CBC data from patients presenting with influenza-like symptoms at Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China. Patient records meeting inclusion criteria between January 1, 2023, and December 31, 2023, were compiled into a model development dataset, which was subsequently partitioned into training and internal validation subsets at an 8:2 ratio. An independent external validation cohort was collected from January 1, 2024, to February 29, 2024. We employed various machine learning (ML)-based models, using 25 features, to predict the incidence of influenza A and B and calculated the Shapley Additive Explanation (SHAP) values. Results The study cohort comprised 3,106 patients (453 influenza-positive cases, 14.6%; 2,653 negative controls, 85.4%). From this population, 2,925 eligible cases were allocated to the model development dataset, stratified into training ( n  = 2,340) and internal validation ( n  = 585) subsets through an 8:2 split. An independent external validation cohort containing 181 patients was collected. In the external validation, the ensemble model using voting with adaptive boosting (ADB) and the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) of 0.810. SHAP analysis identified the top five hematologic parameters with dominant predictive influence in the RF model: MON%, LYM, WBC, RBC, and NEU/MON. Conclusions This analysis establishes RF and ADB-XGB model as the optimal CBC-based machine learning framework for discriminating influenza A and B infections. The model’s operational simplicity enables rapid triage implementation in resource-constrained emergency departments, particularly valuable when molecular confirmation (RT-PCR) is unavailable.

We aimed to evaluate the indeterminate rate of interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs) in the detection of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). On 15 November 2022, we searched the PubMed® (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA), Embase® (Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands), and Cochrane Library databases in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Two investigators independently extracted the study data and assessed their quality using a modified quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (i.e., QUADAS-2) tool. A random-effects model was used to calculate pooled results. We included 403 studies involving 486,886 individuals and found that the pooled indeterminate rate was 3.9% (95% CI 3.5%-4.2%). The pooled indeterminate rate for QuantiFERON®-TB (QFT) was similar to that for T-SPOT®.TB (T-SPOT) [odds ratio (OR) = 0.88, 95% CI 0.59-1.32]; however, the indeterminate rate for a new generation of QFT (QFT-plus) was lower than that of T-SPOT (OR = 0.24, 95% CI 0.16-0.35). The indeterminate rate in the immunocompromised population was significantly higher than that in healthy controls (OR = 3.51, 95% CI 2.11-5.82), and it increased with the reduction of CD4+ cell count in HIV-positive patients. Children's pooled indeterminate rates (OR = 2.56, 95% CI 1.79-3.57) were significantly higher than those of adults, and the rates increased as the children's age decreased. On average, 1 in 26 tests yields indeterminate IGRA results in LTBI screening. The use of advanced versions of the QuantiFERON-TB assay (QFT-plus), may potentially reduce the occurrence of an indeterminate result. Our study emphasizes the high risk of immunosuppression and young age in relation to indeterminate IGRA, which should receive more attention in the management of LTBI. PROSPERO https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020211363, CRD42020211363.

Background Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) are widely used for detecting latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). However, these tests can yield indeterminate results, posing challenges for clinical management. The management of these indeterminate outcomes varies, creating uncertainty in clinical practice. This study systematically evaluates the effectiveness of repeat IGRA testing versus additional tuberculin skin testing (TST) in resolving indeterminate IGRA results during LTBI screening. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, searching PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases on May 18, 2024, without start date or language restrictions. Studies were included if they screened for LTBI in healthy or high-risk populations using IGRA, reported indeterminate results, and managed these results with repeat IGRA testing and/or additional TST. A random-effects model was used to calculate pooled results. Results A total of 59 studies were included in this analysis. Among these, 40 studies assessed the use of additional TST in individuals with indeterminate IGRA results, yielding a pooled confirmation rate of 98.6% (95% CI: 96.2–99.8%). Additionally, 27 studies examined repeat IGRA testing, which resulted in a pooled confirmation rate of 68.9% (95% CI: 57.0–79.6%). Furthermore, eight studies evaluated both TST and repeat IGRA testing, with the pooled confirmation rate for the TST being 93.7% (95% CI: 78.7–99.9%), higher than the pooled confirmation rate for repeat testing at 76.5% (95% CI: 44.6–97.1%). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the confirmation rates between the two testing methods (OR = 2.13, 95% CI: 0.47–9.76). Conclusions In managing indeterminate IGRA results during LTBI screening, head-to-head studies show no significant difference in confirmation rates between additional TST and repeat IGRA. Across nearly 60 studies, additional TST tends to have a slightly higher confirmation rate, though the difference is not statistically significant. Clinically, for patients with an initial indeterminate IGRA who are immunocompetent, with convenient sample collection or a need for rapid results, additional TST may help achieve more reliable outcomes. Selection of follow-up testing should consider the cause of indeterminate results, feasibility, and risk of patient loss to follow-up.

Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most common gynecologic tumors among women around the world. Although the etiological role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in CC is well established, other factors in CC carcinogenesis remains unclear. Here, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the association between infections of human herpesvirus (HHVs) and CC risk. Embase and PubMed databases were utilized to search the relevant studies. The revised JBI Critical Appraisal Tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Prevalence and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to evaluate the association between viral infection and CC or precancerous cervical lesions (PCL). Totally 67 eligible studies involving 7 different HHVs were included in meta-analysis. We found an increased risk of CC or PCL that was associated with the overall infection of HHVs (CC, OR = 2.74, 95% CI 2.13-3.53; PCL, OR = 1.95, 95% CI 1.58-2.41). Subgroup analysis showed a trend towards positive correlations between herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection and CC (OR = 3.01, 95% CI 2.24 to 4.04) or PCL (OR = 2.14, 95% CI 1.55 to 2.96), and the same is true between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and CC (OR = 4.89, 95% CI 2.18 to 10.96) or PCL (OR = 3.55, 95% CI 2.52 to 5.00). However, for HSV-1 and cytomegalovirus (HCMV), there was no association between viral infection and CC or PCL. By contrast, the roles of HHV-6, HHV-7, and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) in cervical lesions were unclear due to the limited number of studies. This study provided evidence that HHVs infection as a whole increase the risk of CC incidence. In addition, some types of HHVs such as EBV and HSV-2 may serve as potential targets in the development of new interventions or therapeutic strategies for cervical lesions.

The catalytic activity of the composite catalysts of Mn-mont (where mont represents montmorillonite) coordinated with ligands for the epoxidation of cyclohexene by air under Mukaiyama conditions was studied. The composite catalysts were characterized by atomic absorption spectroscopic analysis, elemental analysis, fourier transform infrared spectra, diffuse reflectance ultraviolet visible spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, powder-X-ray-diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy measurements. The effects of various reaction conditions on the catalytic reaction were studied. Experimental results indicated that the catalysts performed excellent activity for the epoxidation of cyclohexene by air. Repeated runs indicate that the catalyst is stable for 3 cycles. The composite catalysts of Mn-mont coordinated with ligands are economical and environmentally friendly for the epoxidation of cyclohexene.

The effects of Na acetate and residual aluminum on the hydrogenation rate, optical yield and catalyst durability for the enantio-differentiating hydrogenation of methyl acetoacetate were studied over tartaric acid-modified Raney nickel catalysts with the in situ modification. There was an optimal Na acetate amount at which the highest optical yield and high hydrogenation rate were achieved. The addition of Na acetate in the repeat use could improve the catalyst durability significantly. The amount of the residual aluminum in Raney nickel catalysts also played an important role in this catalyst system. The highest optical yield of 61.6% was achieved over the improved T-1 RNi catalyst. Compared with previous literatures, this is the best result for the enantio-differentiating hydrogenation of methyl acetoacetate over in situ modified Raney nickel catalysts.

Urban functional structures and daily rhythms significantly impact population mobility. Detecting and quantifying thematic activity changes in the short-term aggregated inflow and outflow of urban population mobility (referred to as black holes and volcanoes, respectively) contribute to the economy and public services. Current research is focused on the changes in intensity of single-region population activity, but it overlooks the daily rhythms of the aggregated flows and latent thematic activity changes in urban populations. Here, we propose an Aggregated Inflow-Outflow Thematic Detection (AIOTD) method. It can detect thematic activity changes in population inflows and outflows from a spatiotemporal aggregation perspective by leveraging traffic flow theory and semantic models. Considering the stationary of flow sequences within the same time periods and the spatial continuity of flows, we designed a spatial aggregation method based on the relative ratios of population flows in spatiotemporal units. This method enables a quantitative depiction of the spatiotemporal evolution of black holes and volcanoes. Furthermore, due to the spatial proximity of land features and category imbalances, we utilized the SMOTETomek-Place2vec model to construct a spatial context information dataset at the grid level, enhancing the accuracy of capturing thematic activities. Results demonstrate that our method outperforms existing approaches in capturing the number of spatiotemporal units for black hole and volcano clusters at both the 500 m grid and 1000 m grid scales, in terms of both semantics and spatiotemporal dimensions. It reveals the spatiotemporal complementarity and thematic cross-symmetry of urban population mobility between black holes and volcanoes. By applying this method to daytime and nighttime economies and public services, we quantified changes in the fine-grained functional service vitality and the distribution of functional facilities in commuting zones. These findings offer guidance for urban services and insights into the behavioral preferences of residents.

Background Gut microbiota and the tumor microenvironment are thought to be critical factors that modulate the processes of liver diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Interleukin-25 (IL-25) promotes type 2 immunity via alternative activation of macrophages, and is closely associated with inflammation-related diseases, even malignancies. However, it is not clear which role IL-25 plays in the development of HCC, and whether gut microbiota are involved. Methods IL-25 was detected by ELISA, Western blotting (WB), and immunohistochemistry. Chemokines were measured by RT-qPCR and WB. After co-culture with IL-25-stimulated macrophages, the cell growth, migration, invasion and EMT marker of HCC cell lines (MHCC97L and HepG2) were evaluated by Brdu proliferation, Transwell assays and WB. An antibody neutralization assay of chemokine CXCL10 was performed to confirm its role in HCC development. Furthermore, the effects of IL-25 in HCC were investigated in vivo. Dysbiosis of gut microflora was induced by antibiotics (vancomycin, cefoperazone or combination of ampicillin, neomycin, metronidazole, and vancomycin). We used feces suspension to treat colonic epithelial NCM460 cells, and detected IL-25 and tuft cell marker DCLK1 using WB and immunofluorescence staining. Results We found that the level of IL-25 was significantly elevated in HCC patients, and was negatively correlated with survival rate after hepatectomy. However, IL-25 did not directly promote the development of HCC cells. Then, we observed the significant positive correlation between IL-25 level and M2 percentage (CD206/CD68) in HCC tumors. In vitro and in vivo, IL-25 induced alternative activation of macrophages promoted HCC cell migration, invasion and tumorigenesis, increased the expression of vimentin, Snail and phospho-ERK, and decreased the expression of E-cadherin in HCC cells. After IL-25 treatment, chemokine CXCL10 was increased in macrophages. Neutralizing CXCL10 in macrophage-conditioned medium reversed the IL-25-mediated effect on HCC cells. Vancomycin-induced dysbiosis promoted the growth of orthotopic HCC homograft. Surprisedly, we found the hyperplasia of colonic epithelial tuft cells, from which more IL-25 was secreted . Conclusions IL-25 promotes the progression of HCC through inducing alternative activation and CXCL10 secretion of macrophages in tumor microenvironment, and IL-25 secretion may partly result from hyperplastic epithelial tuft cells in colon, induced by gut microbiota dysbiosis.