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"Cai, Yongshun"
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Social Movements in Hong Kong
Social movements occur not only because of political opportunities but also due to a perceived threat to citizens. Popular contention has remained an important mode of political participation in Hong Kong since 1997 when its sovereignty was handed over to China. Many influential collective actions in Hong Kong occurred when residents felt a threat had arisen from policies made by the city government or Beijing. By examining the Anti-Extradition-Bill movement in Hong Kong, this paper explores how threat triggers and sustains social movements. It finds that threat both facilitates the mobilization of social movements and sustains them. Threat strengthens solidarity among movement supporters because of their shared concerns and goals. It sustains a movement when government responses confirm participants' belief in the continual existence of the threat. The Anti-Extradition-Bill movement deepened the distrust between local residents and Beijing, resulting in the promulgation of the National Security Law by Beijing in May 2020.
Journal Article
Social Conflicts and Modes of Action in China
China witnessed numerous social conflicts because of socio-economic changes, urbanization and reforms. The study conducted shows that Chinese citizens use both permitted channels and non-institutionalized modes of action whenever they face these social conflicts.
Journal Article
Power Structure and Regime Resilience: Contentious Politics in China
Authoritarian governments may face serious uncertainties when dealing with popular resistance because of the unpredictable consequences of making concessions or repressing opposition. However, a political system with multiple levels of authority can help reduce the uncertainties by granting conditional autonomy to lower-level authorities. Such a power structure prevents excessive repression and unconditional concessions when the priorities of different levels of authority do not match. Under this political arrangement, the central authority can avoid blame when local authorities use repression. The divided power also helps reduce the uncertainties faced by the central authority because it will then have to deal with only a very limited number of instances of resistance. Using the case of China, this article shows that divided state power has allowed the party-state to maintain social stability amid numerous instances of social unrest during the reform era.
Journal Article
State and agents in China : disciplining government officials
Chinese government officials have played a crucial role in China's economic development, but they are also responsible for severe problems, including environmental pollution, violation of citizens' rights, failure in governance, and corruption. How does the Chinese Party-state respond when a government official commits a duty-related malfeasance or criminal activity? And how does it balance the potential political costs of disciplining its own agents versus the loss of legitimacy in tolerating their misdeeds? State and Agents in China explores how the party-state addresses this dilemma, uncovering the rationale behind the selective disciplining of government officials and its implications for governance in China.
By examining the discipline of state agents, Cai shows how selective punishment becomes the means of balancing the need for and difficulties of disciplining agents, and explains why some erring agents are tolerated while others are punished. Cai finds that the effectiveness of punishing erring officials in China does not depend so much on the Party-state's capacity to detect and punish each erring official but on the threat it creates when the Party-state decides to mete out punishment. Importantly, the book also shows how relaxed discipline allows reform-minded officials to use rule-violating reform measures to address local problems, and how such reform measures have significant implications for the regime's resilience.
eBook
State and Laid-Off Workers in Reform China
In the 1990s, the Chinese government launched an unprecedented reform of state enterprises, putting tens of millions of people out of work. This empirically rich study calls on comprehensive surveys and interviews, combining quantitative data with qualitative in its examination of the variation in workers' collective action. Cai investigates the difference in interests of and options available to workers that reduce their solidarity, as well as the obstacles that prevent their coordination. In addition, and perhaps more importantly, this book explores the Chinese Government's policies and how their feedback shaped workers' incentives and capacity of action.
eBook
Investigation on rock mass stability monitoring system and activity characteristic in deep mining
The monitoring system of rock mass stability and activity characteristic was established using the microseismic monitoring technology in view of the problem that the dynamic disaster of ground pressure was easy to occur in the process of deep mining. The monitoring network was set up according to the actual characteristics of the mine and the wave velocity was corrected by the method of fixed-point blasting. A monitoring network with a positioning error of 10 m was established finally. The waveform of the monitoring data was picked up and the temporal-spatial evolution characteristics of microseismic events were analyzed, the microseismic events increased greatly and in a high level, the spatial distribution was concentrated highly, the potential dangerous areas were delineated. The research results can provide references for the investigation of rock mass stability monitoring in underground engineering.
Journal Article
Institutions and Provision of Public Goods in Rural China: An Empirical Study Based on Villages in Guangdong Province
In societies where formal institutions are absent or weak, informal institutions are found to serve as mechanisms that enhance government accountability. Pertinent research on China has come up with similar findings. But two issues have not been adequately addressed in existing research. One is the relationship between formal and informal institutions in shaping government behavior if both types of institutions exist. The other is the factors that affect the (re)emergence of informal institutions. Based on a survey of about 800 villages in Guangdong province, this article shows that the existence of both formal and informal institutions may enhance government accountability in the provision of public goods. Factors such as community history and practical needs contribute to the (re)emergence of informal institutions.
Journal Article
Interests and Political Participation in Urban China: The Case of Residents' Committee Elections
Authoritarian governments carry out elections to gain legitimacy. However, people in these regimes usually lack confidence in the managed elections and are reluctant to participate. Therefore, state mobilization is necessary for these elections to be implemented. Yet, people in such regimes may participate in the elections without state mobilization. In urban China, some homeowners have actively participated in elections for the residents' committee, although they do not interact directly with the committee. This article, which is based on fieldwork in about 20 communities in Beijing, analyzes the reasons for such participation. The residents' committee influences the formation of a homeowners' committee, which is the only legal representative of homeowners in a community. To protect their rights, homeowners are required to at least create a neutral residents' committee to establish a functional homeowners' committee. Consequently, the homeowners' stake in their community motivates them to participate in the election. This interest-driven participation has important implications for understanding political participation in China.
Journal Article