Explore the vast range of titles available.

Researchers have shown that rehabilitation programs incorporating resistance-band and balance-board exercises are effective for improving clinical measures of function and patient-reported outcomes in individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI). However, whether combining the 2 exercises increases improvement is unknown. To determine the effectiveness of 3 rehabilitation programs on clinical measures of balance and self-reported function in adolescent patients with CAI. Randomized controlled clinical trial (Trail Registration Number: ClinicalTrails.gov: NCT03447652). High school athletic training facilities. Forty-three patients with CAI (age = 16.37 ± 1.00 years, height = 171.75 ± 12.05 cm, mass = 69.38 ± 18.36 kg) were block randomized into 4 rehabilitation groups. Protocols were completed 3 times per week for 4 weeks. The resistance-band group performed 3 sets of 10 repetitions of ankle plantar flexion, dorsiflexion, inversion, and eversion with a resistance band. The Biomechanical Ankle Platform System group performed 5 trials of clockwise and counterclockwise rotations, changing direction every 10 seconds during each 40-second trial. The combination group completed resistance-band and Biomechanical Ankle Platform System programs during each session. The control group did not perform any exercises. Variables were assessed before and after the intervention: time-in-balance test, foot-lift test, Star Excursion Balance Test, side-hop test, figure-8 hop test, Foot and Ankle Ability Measure, and Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool. We conducted 4 separate multivariate repeated-measures analyses of variance, followed by univariate analyses for any findings that were different. Using the time-in-balance test, foot-lift test, Star Excursion Balance Test (medial, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions), and figure-8 hop test, we detected improvement for each rehabilitation group compared with the control group (P < .05). However, no intervention group was superior. All 3 rehabilitation groups demonstrated improvement compared with the control group, yet the evidence was too limited to support a superior intervention. Over a 4-week period, either of the single-task interventions or the combination intervention can be used to combat the residual deficits associated with CAI in an adolescent patient population.

Objective: To evaluate the evidence surrounding the association between lateral ankle sprain (LAS) history and subsequent LAS risk, as well as sex-differences in the observed associations. Data Sources: PubMed, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus were searched through July 2020 for articles reporting LAS injury history and injury incidence during a study period. Study Selection: Studies were included if they were prospective in nature, reported the number of participants with and without a history of LAS at study initiation, and reported the number of participants from each group that sustained a LAS during the study period. Data Extraction: Data included study design parameters as well as the number of participants with and without a LAS history, and the number of subsequent LAS that occurred to both groups. Risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) compared the risk of LAS within the study period between those with and without a LAS history for each included investigation. Data Synthesis: Nineteen studies with a total of 6,567 patients were included. Follow-up periods ranged from 14 weeks to 2 years. Quality assessment scores indicate moderate to high quality studies were included. A significantly higher risk of LAS within the study period was observed among those with a history of LAS in 10 out of 15 studies (RR range=1.29–6.06). Similar associations were seen in four out of six studies that included an all-male sample (RR Range=1.38–8.65), and one out of four studies with an all-female sample (RR=4.28). Conclusion: There is strong evidence to support that a previous LAS increases the risk of a subsequent LAS injury. Males but not females with a history of a LAS appear to be at a higher risk of sustaining a subsequent LAS but further data are needed to draw definitive conclusions based on the limited number of sex specific studies.

The capacity to direct migration ('homing') of blood-borne cells to a predetermined anatomic compartment is vital to stem cell–based tissue engineering and other adoptive cellular therapies. Although multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs, also termed 'mesenchymal stem cells') hold the potential for curing generalized skeletal diseases, their clinical effectiveness is constrained by the poor osteotropism of infused MSCs (refs. 1–3 ). Cellular recruitment to bone occurs within specialized marrow vessels that constitutively express vascular E-selectin 4 , 5 , a lectin that recognizes sialofucosylated determinants on its various ligands. We show here that human MSCs do not express E-selectin ligands, but express a CD44 glycoform bearing α-2,3-sialyl modifications. Using an α-1,3-fucosyltransferase preparation and enzymatic conditions specifically designed for treating live cells, we converted the native CD44 glycoform on MSCs into hematopoietic cell E-selectin/L-selectin ligand (HCELL) 6 , which conferred potent E-selectin binding without effects on cell viability or multipotency. Real-time intravital microscopy in immunocompromised (NOD/SCID) mice showed that intravenously infused HCELL + MSCs infiltrated marrow within hours of infusion, with ensuing rare foci of endosteally localized cells and human osteoid generation. These findings establish that the HCELL glycoform of CD44 confers tropism to bone and unveil a readily translatable roadmap for programming cellular trafficking by chemical engineering of glycans on a distinct membrane glycoprotein.

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is being increasingly used to help identify patients with cardiac sarcoidosis (CS). Whereas ventricular arrhythmias have been well studied in this population, atrial arrhythmias have not been thoroughly investigated. We sought to better characterize the arrhythmia burden of a cohort of patients diagnosed with CS by CMR imaging. Patients with biopsy-proven extracardiac sarcoidosis were referred to the University of Chicago for evaluation of the presence of CS. CMR imaging was used to categorize the patients into 2 groups; those with and those without late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) for comparison of arrhythmic events. Arrhythmic evaluation included Holter monitor, event recorder, electrophysiology testing, or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) interrogation; 192 consecutive patients were evaluated with CMR imaging, 57 of whom did not have ambulatory monitoring results and thus were excluded. LGE was present in 44 patients. Atrial arrhythmias were documented in 16 patients (36%) with myocardial LGE and in 11 patients (12%) without myocardial LGE (p = 0.002). Ventricular arrhythmias were documented in 27% of patients with myocardial LGE and 2.2% of LGE-negative patients (p = 0.00076). Of 26 LGE-positive patients with ICDs, 8 (30.8%) received therapies, 3 (11.5%) of which were inappropriate for atrial arrhythmias. In conclusion, atrial arrhythmias were documented more frequently than ventricular arrhythmias in patients with sarcoidosis with cardiac involvement and were 3 times more prevalent than in patients with sarcoidosis without cardiac involvement. Risk-benefit assessment of anticoagulation for primary prevention of stroke should be performed for patients with CS. In patients receiving implantable defibrillators, programing to minimize inappropriate ICD shocks for atrial arrhythmias must be considered.

To identify non-surgical treatments which were deemed to be more effective in improving dynamic postural control in patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Systematic review and random-effects network meta-analysis. We searched Scopus, CENTRAL, and PubMed until 26 August 2017. We used data from randomized trials comparing the results of different non-surgical interventions for lateral CAI. We assessed dynamic postural control in terms of the star-excursion balance test in the posteromedial direction. We evaluated this outcome at the end of the rehabilitation protocols (i.e., short term) and 6months after treatment (i.e., medium term). We assessed the quality of the included studies with the Cochrane risk of bias tool and evaluated the quality of evidence from the network of interventions using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Nineteen trials were eligible for inclusion in this systematic review. A 4–6-week supervised balance training program and a 4–6-week strengthening rehabilitation protocol provided significant improvements compared to control (8 studies, standardized mean difference [SMD] was −0.75, 95% CIs [−1.28 to −0.23]); and 2 studies, SMD was −1.2, 95% CIs [−2.36 to −0.08], respectively). A 6-week combined intervention that addressed balance and strength had the highest probability of being among the best treatments. However, the latter rehabilitation intervention was included in only one trial. The network meta-analysis showed that supervised balance training protocols and strengthening programs significantly improved dynamic balance in patients with CAI. A combination of these interventions may further increase the efficacy of non-surgical treatment options for the first-line management of CAI.