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Confining materials to two-dimensional forms changes the behaviour of the electrons and enables the creation of new devices. However, most materials are challenging to produce as uniform, thin crystals. Here we present a synthesis approach where thin crystals are grown in a nanoscale mould defined by atomically flat van der Waals (vdW) materials. By heating and compressing bismuth in a vdW mould made of hexagonal boron nitride, we grow ultraflat bismuth crystals less than 10 nm thick. Due to quantum confinement, the bismuth bulk states are gapped, isolating intrinsic Rashba surface states for transport studies. The vdW-moulded bismuth shows exceptional electronic transport, enabling the observation of Shubnikov–de Haas quantum oscillations originating from the (111) surface state Landau levels. By measuring the gate-dependent magnetoresistance, we observe multi-carrier quantum oscillations and Landau level splitting, with features originating from both the top and bottom surfaces. Our vdW mould growth technique establishes a platform for electronic studies and control of bismuth’s Rashba surface states and topological boundary modes 1 – 3 . Beyond bismuth, the vdW-moulding approach provides a low-cost way to synthesize ultrathin crystals and directly integrate them into a vdW heterostructure. Ultrathin and flat crystals of bismuth are grown between the atomically flat layers of a van der Waals material. These crystals exhibit outstanding electronic properties, including gate-tunable quantum oscillations of the magnetoresistance.

Magnetic van der Waals (vdW) materials exhibit a profound interconnectedness between their various degrees of freedom, pointing to a wealth of potential applications in low-power and high-speed spintronic devices. Recently, light-matter interactions have been leveraged as robust, dynamic pathways to gain control over the properties of vdW magnets through the use of ultrafast pulses of light. Here, we utilize ultrafast photoexcitation to drive coherent lattice oscillations in the layered ferrimagnetic crystal Mn 3 Si 2 Te 6 , which significantly stiffen below the magnetic ordering temperature. We suggest that this is due to an exchange-mediated contraction of the lattice, stemming from strong magneto-structural coupling in this material. Furthermore, simulations of the transient incoherent response uncover the critical role of the spin-mediated electronic relaxation pathways. These results underscore the importance of spin-lattice coupling in vdW magnets and demonstrate a promising strategy for their dynamic optical control via their entangled degrees of freedom.

Recent advances in the isolation and stacking of monolayers of van der Waals materials have provided approaches for the preparation of quantum materials in the ultimate two-dimensional limit 1 , 2 . In van der Waals heterostructures formed by stacking two monolayer semiconductors, lattice mismatch or rotational misalignment introduces an in-plane moiré superlattice 3 . It is widely recognized that the moiré superlattice can modulate the electronic band structure of the material and lead to transport properties such as unconventional superconductivity 4 and insulating behaviour driven by correlations 5 – 7 ; however, the influence of the moiré superlattice on optical properties has not been investigated experimentally. Here we report the observation of multiple interlayer exciton resonances with either positive or negative circularly polarized emission in a molybdenum diselenide/tungsten diselenide (MoSe 2 /WSe 2 ) heterobilayer with a small twist angle. We attribute these resonances to excitonic ground and excited states confined within the moiré potential. This interpretation is supported by recombination dynamics and by the dependence of these interlayer exciton resonances on twist angle and temperature. These results suggest the feasibility of engineering artificial excitonic crystals using van der Waals heterostructures for nanophotonics and quantum information applications. Multiple interlayer exciton resonances in a MoSe 2 /WSe 2 heterobilayer with a small twist angle are attributed to excitonic ground and excited states confined within the moiré potential.

With her Liber Revelationum Elisabeth de Sacro Exercitu Virginum Coloniensium (Book of Revelations), Elisabeth von Schönau establishes the authenticity of the relics of St. Ursula and the eleven thousand virgins, which had been discovered some fifty years prior to the text's composition. In this article, I demonstrate how Elisabeth's text accomplishes this work of authentication: it weds divine revelation to emergent modes of legal proof in order to authenticate the Ursuline relics. Furthermore, its bipartite structure in which sets of halves are produced so as to be reunified is rhetorically analogous to the chirograph, a legal instrument for document authentication.

With herLiber Revelationum Elisabeth de Sacro Exercitu Virginum Coloniensium(Book of Revelations), Elisabeth von Schönau establishes the authenticity of the relics of St. Ursula and the eleven thousand virgins, which had been discovered some fifty years prior to the text's composition. In this article, I demonstrate how Elisabeth's text accomplishes this work of authentication: it weds divine revelation to emergent modes of legal proof in order to authenticate the Ursuline relics. Furthermore, its bipartite structure in which sets of halves are produced so as to be reunified is rhetorically analogous to the chirograph, a legal instrument for document authentication.

Depression is one of the most common disorders encountered by mental health professionals. It is estimated that approximately 30% of all clinically depressed patients attempt suicide; half of them ultimately die by suicide. Assessment of suicidal patients is one of the main tasks for the mental health practitioner in an emergency unit. The risk of suicidal behavior is difficult to accurately predict, yet crucial to the effective prevention of suicide. This study examined the use of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) as a predictor of level of care for psychiatric patients in an emergency department. A sample of 62 patients who presented for psychological evaluation participated in the study. Their ages ranged from 18 to 60 years (mean ± SD = 28.5 ± 12.5 years). Fifty-five percent of the sample was female. Most of the patients were diagnosed with depression or anxiety disorders, but a wide spectrum of conditions and severity was sampled. Participants were given the BSI following traditional interview methods in determining the necessary level of psychiatric care. The results of this study indicated that the BSI Global Symptom Index (GSI) was the clearest predictor of inpatient hospitalization. BSI scores for female participants were more distinctly separated between groups than were the scores for male participants. The participants’ level of education is inversely correlated to inpatient hospitalization. Key words: depression, suicide, brief symptom inventory