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"Cao, Liang"
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Energy management of internet data centers in smart grid
This book reports the latest findings on intelligent energy management of Internet data centers in smart-grid environments. The book gathers novel research ideas in Internet data center energy management, especially scenarios with cyber-related vulnerabilities, power outages and carbon emission constraints. The book will be of interest to university researchers, R&D engineers and graduate students in communication and networking areas who wish to learn the core principles, methods, algorithms, and applications of energy management of Internet data centers in smart grids.
Book
A surface strategy boosting the ethylene selectivity for CO2 reduction and in situ mechanistic insights
Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide into ethylene, as opposed to traditional industrial methods, represents a more environmentally friendly and promising technical approach. However, achieving high activity of ethylene remains a huge challenge due to the numerous possible reaction pathways. Here, we construct a hierarchical nanoelectrode composed of CuO treated with dodecanethiol to achieve elevated ethylene activity with a Faradaic efficiency reaching 79.5%. Through on in situ investigations, it is observed that dodecanethiol modification not only facilitates CO
2
transfer and enhances *CO coverage on the catalyst surfaces, but also stabilizes Cu(100) facet. Density functional theory calculations of activation energy barriers of the asymmetrical C–C coupling between *CO and *CHO further support that the greatly increased selectivity of ethylene is attributed to the thiol-stabilized Cu(100). Our findings not only provide an effective strategy to design and construct Cu-based catalysts for highly selective CO
2
to ethylene, but also offer deep insights into the mechanism of CO
2
to ethylene.
The electrochemical reduction of CO2 into multi-carbon product is interesting yet requires further research. Here, the authors develop a surface strategy to achieve high CO2-to-ethylene selectivity by dodecanethiol modification CuO electrode and show that dodecanethiol facilitates CO2 transfer, enhances *CO coverage and stabilize Cu(100) facet.
Journal Article
Antiviral activity of chlorogenic acid against influenza A (H1N1/H3N2) virus and its inhibition of neuraminidase
Lonicera japonica Thunb
, rich in chlorogenic acid (CHA), is used for viral upper respiratory tract infection treatment caused by influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus, ect in China. It was reported that CHA reduced serum hepatitis B virus level and death rate of influenza virus-infected mice. However, the underlying mechanisms of CHA against the influenza A virus have not been fully elucidated. Here, the antiviral effects and potential mechanisms of CHA against influenza A virus were investigated. CHA revealed inhibitory against A/PuertoRico/8/1934(H1N1) (EC
50
= 44.87 μM), A/Beijing/32/92(H3N2) (EC
50
= 62.33 μM), and oseltamivir-resistant strains. Time-course analysis showed CHA inhibited influenza virus during the late stage of infectious cycle. Indirect immunofluorescence assay indicated CHA down-regulated the NP protein expression. The inhibition of neuraminidase activity confirmed CHA blocked release of newly formed virus particles from infected cells. Intravenous injection of 100 mg/kg/d CHA possessed effective antiviral activity in mice, conferring 60% and 50% protection from death against H1N1 and H3N2, reducing virus titres and alleviating inflammation in the lungs effectively. These results demonstrate that CHA acts as a neuraminidase blocker to inhibit influenza A virus both in cellular and animal models. Thus, CHA has potential utility in the treatment of the influenza virus infection.
Journal Article
Exosomal miR-21 regulates the TETs/PTENp1/PTEN pathway to promote hepatocellular carcinoma growth
Background
As an important means of communication, exosomes play an important role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Methods
Bioinformatics analysis, dual-luciferase reporter assays, methylation-specific quantitative PCR, and ChIP-PCR analysis were used to gain insight into the underlying mechanism of miR-21 in HCC.
Results
The detection of miRNAs in exosomes of HCC showed that miR-21 expression in exosomes was positively correlated with the expression level of miR-21 in cells and negatively correlated with the expression of its target genes PTEN, PTENp1 and TETs. HCC cell-derived exosomes could increase miR-21 and p-Akt expression in HCC cells and downregulate the expression of PTEN, PTENp1 and TETs. MiR-21 inhibitors or PTENp1 overexpression vectors could weaken the effect of the abovementioned exosomes and simultaneously weaken their role in promoting cell proliferation and migration and inhibiting apoptosis. Further studies showed that miR-21 not only directly regulated the expression of PTEN, PTENp1 and TETs but also increased the methylation level of the PTENp1 promoter by regulating the expression of TETs, thereby inhibiting the expression of PTENp1 and further downregulating the expression of PTEN.
Conclusions
Exosomal miR-21 can regulate the expression of the tumor suppressor genes PTEN and PTENp1 in various ways and affect the growth of HCC cells.
Journal Article
Advancing Ag2Se thin-film thermoelectrics via selenization-driven anisotropy control
The debate over the optimal orientation of Ag
2
Se thin films and its influence on thermoelectric performance remains ongoing. Here, we report a wet-chemical selenization-based anisotropy optimization technique to control the in-plane orientation of the Ag
2
Se thin film, steering it away from (002) nearly parallel planes that hinder charge carrier mobility. This approach enables us to achieve an impressive power factor of 30.8 μW cm
−1
K
−2
at 343 K. The as-fabricated Ag
2
Se thin film demonstrates remarkable durability, retaining over 90% of its power factor after six months of air exposure, and outstanding flexibility, with performance variation staying within 5% after 2000 bending cycles at a 5 mm radius. These attributes are attributed to the controlled film thickness, crystallinity, and strong adhesion to the polyimide substrate. Additionally, the as-assembled slotted thermoelectric device delivers an output power of 0.58 μW and a competitive power density of 807 μW cm
−2
at a temperature difference of 20 K, alongside a high normalized power density of 1.8 μW cm
−2
K
−2
, highlighting its potential for practical application. This study provides valuable insights into the design of high-performance, highly flexible thermoelectric thin films for real-world applications.
The authors report a wet-chemical selenization-based anisotropy optimization to control the orientation of the Ag
2
Se thin film, achieving a power factor of 30.8 μW cm
−1
K
−2
in the thin film and a normalized power density of 1.8 μW cm
−2
K
−2
in the device.
Journal Article
Cholinergic suppression of hippocampal sharp-wave ripples impairs working memory
Learning and memory are assumed to be supported by mechanisms that involve cholinergic transmission and hippocampal theta. Using G protein–coupled receptor-activation–based acetylcholine sensor (GRABACh3.0) with a fiber-photometric fluorescence readout in mice, we found that cholinergic signaling in the hippocampus increased in parallel with theta/gamma power during walking and REM sleep, while ACh3.0 signal reached a minimum during hippocampal sharp-wave ripples (SPW-R). Unexpectedly, memory performance was impaired in a hippocampus-dependent spontaneous alternation task by selective optogenetic stimulation of medial septal cholinergic neurons when the stimulation was applied in the delay area but not in the central (choice) arm of the maze. Parallel with the decreased performance, optogenetic stimulation decreased the incidence of SPW-Rs. These findings suggest that septo–hippocampal interactions play a task-phase–dependent dual role in the maintenance of memory performance, including not only theta mechanisms but also SPW-Rs.
Journal Article
Adaptive Digital Twin Modeling with Control: Integration of Extended Kalman Filter-Based Recursive Sparse Nonlinear Identification with Model Predictive Control
The adoption of digital twins has revolutionized industrial process simulation, monitoring, and control effectiveness. However, practical implementations of digital twins are hindered by substantial challenges, including extended development time, diminishing model accuracy, and restricted interactive capabilities. Addressing these critical issues, this paper proposes a comprehensive digital twin development framework that integrates digital twin identification, real-time model updating, and advanced process control. The proposed approach first identifies the offline digital twin model through the sparse identification of a nonlinear dynamics algorithm, reducing the digital twin development time while maintaining model fidelity. Then, the identified model is updated by the extended Kalman filter to mitigate the problem of diminishing accuracy. Finally, incorporating the latest updated model into the model predictive control facilitates the control inputs optimization and enhances the interactive capacity of digital twins. Through one industrial case study and two simulation examples, the advantages of the proposed algorithm are demonstrated.
Journal Article
Enabling high energy lithium metal batteries via single-crystal Ni-rich cathode material co-doping strategy
High-capacity Ni-rich layered oxides are promising cathode materials for secondary lithium-based battery systems. However, their structural instability detrimentally affects the battery performance during cell cycling. Here, we report an Al/Zr co-doped single-crystalline LiNi
0.88
Co
0.09
Mn
0.03
O
2
(SNCM) cathode material to circumvent the instability issue. We found that soluble Al ions are adequately incorporated in the SNCM lattice while the less soluble Zr ions are prone to aggregate in the outer SNCM surface layer. The synergistic effect of Al/Zr co-doping in SNCM lattice improve the Li-ion mobility, relief the internal strain, and suppress the Li/Ni cation mixing upon cycling at high cut-off voltage. These features improve the cathode rate capability and structural stabilization during prolonged cell cycling. In particular, the Zr-rich surface enables the formation of stable cathode-electrolyte interphase, which prevent SNCM from unwanted reactions with the non-aqueous fluorinated liquid electrolyte solution and avoid Ni dissolution. To prove the practical application of the Al/Zr co-doped SNCM, we assembled a 10.8 Ah pouch cell (using a 100 μm thick Li metal anode) capable of delivering initial specific energy of 504.5 Wh kg
−1
at 0.1 C and 25 °C.
Li-ion cathode active materials are transitioning from poly- to single-crystal structures. However, the performance of high Ni-content single-crystal cathodes remains below expectations. Here, via Al/Zr co-doping, the authors propose a strategy to mitigate structural degradation in this class of materials.
Journal Article
Pan-cancer analysis identifies migrasome-related genes as a potential immunotherapeutic target: A bulk omics research and single cell sequencing validation
IntroductionThe migrasome is a newly discovered organelle that resembles extracellular vesicles in structure. However, the function of the migrasome in tumors, particularly in relation to tumor immunity and tumor microenvironment, is unclear.MethodsGene expression data, copy number variation raw data, and methylation data of 33 cancer types were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) based on 114 case of colorectal cancer was used to validate the expression of the migrasome hub-gene. We analyzed the expression, prognosis, genetic variation, and drug sensitivity profiles of migrasome-related genes (MRGs) in pan-cancer datasets. A migrasome score was constructed based on gene set enrichment analysis, and the correlation of migrasomes with the tumor microenvironment was assessed. The CancerSEA was used to perform a single-cell level functional analysis of the migrasome. Additionally, we also analyzed the correlation between migrasomes and tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion scores. Single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) data was used to assess the activation state of migrasomes in the tumor microenvironment.ResultsPIGK expression was significantly up-regulated in 22 of 33 tumors, and high expression of migrasome was estimated to have contributed to poor prognosis. Missense mutations are the most common type of mutation in MRGs. We identified piperlongumine as a potential drug targeting migrasomes. The migrasome score was significantly and positively correlated with the tumor immunity score and the stroma score. In most tumors, the abundance of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment was significantly and positively correlated with the migrasome score. Additionally, the migrasome scores were significantly correlated with the immune checkpoint genes in pan-cancer as well as immune checkpoint therapy-related markers including TMB and MSI. According to scRNA-seq analysis, migrasome differed significantly among cells of the tumor microenvironment. IHC confirmed low expression of ITGA5 and PIGK in colorectal cancer.DiscussionWe performed the first pan-cancer analysis of migrasomes and discovered that they play an important role in tumor development and immune escape. Our study provides new insights into the role of migrasomes in tumor prognosis and immunotherapy.
Journal Article
High-performance transition metal-doped Pt3Ni octahedra for oxygen reduction reaction
Bimetallic platinum-nickel (Pt-Ni) nanostructures represent an emerging class of electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells, but practical applications have been limited by catalytic activity and durability. We surface-doped Pt3Ni octahedra supported on carbon with transition metals, termed M-Pt3Ni/C, where M is vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, molybdenum (Mo), tungsten, or rhenium. The Mo-Pt3Ni/C showed the best ORR performance, with a specific activity of 10.3 mAčm2 and mass activity of 6.98 A—gPt, which are 81- and 73-fold enhancements compared with the commercial Pt/C catalyst (0.127 mAčm2 and 0.096 A/mgPt). Theoretical calculations suggest that Mo prefers subsurface positions near the particle edges in vacuum and surface vertexédge sites in oxidizing conditions, where it enhances both the performance and the stability of the Pt3Ni catalyst.
Journal Article