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BackgroundSelf-assembled herbal bioactive materials (SAHBMs) represent a rapidly advancing frontier integrating phytochemistry, supramolecular chemistry, and biomedical engineering. By leveraging the intrinsic pharmacological activity and self-organization of herbal compounds, SAHBMs offer improved solubility, stability, and therapeutic efficacy. Despite growing interest, existing studies remain largely narrative and subjective.MethodsThis study employs bibliometric mapping to provide a systematic, data-driven overview of the field. Publications related to SAHBMs (2000 to June 2025) were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection, yielding 1085 records. Analyses were conducted using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, Pajek, SCImago Graphica, and R-based visualizations to assess publication dynamics, institutional and national contributions, collaboration and citation networks, journal dissemination, keyword evolution, and disease associations.ResultsAnnual publications increased markedly over time, with China contributing 57.1% of outputs, while France and Germany achieved higher citation impact. Collaboration networks highlighted active China–United States partnerships. Core institutions included the Chinese Academy of Sciences and China Agricultural University, while prolific authors such as Wang Penglong and Huang Xuemei shaped research trajectories. Thematic clustering revealed dual disciplinary cores in nanoscience/materials and pharmacology/medicine. Co-cited works emphasized antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and oncological applications. Keyword bursts such as “wound healing”, “drug delivery system”, and “regenerative medicine” highlighted evolving thematic emphases and application-oriented research attention.ConclusionsThis first bibliometric analysis of SAHBMs delineates global trajectories, intellectual anchors, and emerging frontiers. Challenges remain in stability, biokinetics, and the generation of evidence needed for further preclinical development. Future progress will depend on artificial intelligence-assisted molecular design, advanced preclinical modeling, and strengthened global collaboration. Bibliometric trends suggest that SAHBMs is evolving as a nanomaterials-oriented research field, with increasing attention to self-assembled nanostructures, self-assembly mechanisms, and functional biomedical applications such as carrier-free drug delivery and regenerative medicine.Graphical abstract

Background Osteoarthritis (OA) lacks effective disease-modifying therapies. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death, has emerged as a novel pathogenic mechanism in OA. Nanomaterials (NMs), with tunable physicochemical properties and targeting capacity, offer promising opportunities for ferroptosis modulation. This systematic review synthesizes preclinical evidence on NM-based strategies in OA. Methods This review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines and was prospectively registered on INPLASY (INPLASY202570110). Comprehensive searches of seven databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, Ovid, Cochrane Library) were performed up to July 27, 2025. Eligible studies included in vitro and/or in vivo investigations of NM-based approaches targeting ferroptosis in OA models. Independent screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were conducted. Owing to substantial heterogeneity in nanomaterial platforms, experimental models, and outcome measures, a qualitative evidence synthesis was performed and meta-analysis was not considered appropriate. Results Twenty-two eligible studies were identified. Investigated nanoplatforms included polymeric nanoparticles, metal-based carriers, nanozymes, hydrogels, and biomimetic systems. Across in vitro and in vivo models, NMs were reported to modulate ferroptosis through regulation of iron metabolism, scavenging of reactive oxygen species, reinforcement of antioxidant defenses, and modulation of ferroptosis-related signaling. Reported preclinical outcomes included attenuation of lipid peroxidation, preservation of mitochondrial integrity, reduction of chondrocyte death, and improvement in cartilage structure and joint function. Conclusion Preclinical evidence supports NM-based ferroptosis modulation as a promising avenue for disease-modifying OA therapy. Translation will require standardized protocols, independent replication across diverse settings, adoption of advanced human-relevant models, and integration with multi-target strategies beyond ferroptosis. Graphical abstract Highlights First systematic review on nanomaterials targeting ferroptosis in osteoarthritis (OA). Synthesizes 22 recent in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies (2024~2025). Nanoplatforms regulate iron metabolism, reactive oxygen species, signaling to suppress ferroptosis. Consistently protect chondrocytes and preserve cartilage in OA models. Identifies translational gaps and future design strategies for nanomedicine.

Recent scientific reports have revealed a close association between ferroptosis and the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis (OA). Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms by which ferroptosis influences OA and how to hobble OA progression by inhibiting chondrocyte ferroptosis have not yet been fully elucidated. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive systematic review (SR) to address these gaps. Following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020, we conducted a comprehensive search of the Embase, Ovid, ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases to identify relevant studies that investigate the association between ferroptosis and chondrocytes in OA. Our search included studies published from the inception of these databases until January 31st, 2023. Only studies that met the predetermined quality criteria were included in this SR. In this comprehensive SR, a total of 21 studies that met the specified criteria were considered suitable and included in the current updated synthesis. The mechanisms underlying chondrocyte ferroptosis and its association with OA progression involve various biological phenomena, including mitochondrial dysfunction, dysregulated iron metabolism, oxidative stress, and crucial signaling pathways. Ferroptosis in chondrocytes has opened an entirely new chapter for the investigation of OA, and targeted regulation of it is springing up as an attractive and promising therapeutic tactic for OA. https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2023-3-0044/, identifier INPLASY202330044.

In this paper, a new millimeter wave 3D imaging radar is proposed. The user just needs to move the radar along a circular track, and high resolution 3D imaging can be generated. The proposed radar uses the movement of itself to synthesize a large aperture in both the azimuth and elevation directions. It can utilize inverse Radon transform to resolve 3D imaging. To improve the sensing result, the compressed sensing approach is further investigated. The simulation and experimental result further illustrated the design. Because a single transceiver circuit is needed, a light, affordable and high resolution 3D mmWave imaging radar is illustrated in the paper.

Machine learning (ML)-based data-driven approaches are extensively employed in forward and inverse acoustic metamaterial design, as evidenced by numerous research papers published in recent years. These studies require advanced ML knowledge and coding skills. Furthermore, the proposed ML models lack generalizability, being tailored to specific structures and hard to apply broadly, limiting practical applications. To address these issues, this study establishes two data-driven design strategies—agent interaction and large language model (LLM) fine-tuning—based on LLMs, eliminating the need for specialized ML knowledge. This approach provides a universal user-friendly strategy for acoustic metamaterial design. The agent interaction strategy enables ChatGPT to act as an independent agent, mapping structural parameters to sound absorption coefficients through simple text interactions, thereby facilitating both forward and inverse design. The LLM fine-tuning strategy involves retraining DeepSeek using acoustic metamaterial datasets, adjusting specific model parameters to enable performance prediction or inverse design. Results indicate that the agent interaction strategy can design acoustic metamaterials within one minute solely through dialogue and instruction. The fine-tuned LLM strategy yields design outcomes with higher accuracy compared to the conventional ML model. Additionally, the fine-tuned LLM can evolve into a specialized LLM for the metamaterial domain through continuous fine-tuning. The proposed strategies validate the application potential of LLMs in data-driven metamaterial design and provide significant guidance for advancing this field.

Notable progress has been made in \"ferroptosis-based nano drug delivery systems (NDDSs)\" over the past 11 years. Despite the ongoing absence of a comprehensive scientometric overview and up-to-date scientific mapping research, especially regarding the evolution, critical research pathways, current research landscape, central investigative themes, and future directions. Data ranging from 1 January 2012, to 30 November 2023, were obtained from the Web of Science database. A variety of advanced analytical tools were employed for detailed scientometric and visual analyses. The results show that China significantly led the field, contributing 82.09% of the total publications, thereby largely shaping the research domain. Chen Yu emerged as the most productive author in this field. Notably, the journal had the greatest number of relevant publications. The study identified liver neoplasms, pancreatic neoplasms, gliomas, neoplasm metastases, and melanomas as the top five crucial disorders in this research area. This research provides a comprehensive scientometric assessment, enhancing our understanding of NDDSs focused on ferroptosis. Consequently, it enables rapid access to essential information and facilitates the extraction of novel ideas in the field of ferroptotic nanomedicine for both experienced and emerging researchers.

Research on the role of macrophages in musculoskeletal (MSK) diseases has significantly increased in recent years. However, a thorough evaluation of the developmental trajectory of this field, including the contributions of prominent authors and primary research themes, remains insufficient. Furthermore, the identification of emerging research hotspots requires more detailed exploration. This study collated articles and reviews addressing “macrophages in MSK diseases” published between 2004 and 2023, with all data extracted from the Web of Science database. The collected data were analyzed using a variety of bibliometric and visualization tools, such as VOSviewer, CiteSpace, GraphPad Prism, and R packages. Results indicate that China and the United States are the leading contributors in this research domain. Among the many academic institutions involved, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and the University of California stand out as the most productive. The journal “Frontiers in Immunology” had the highest publication output on this topic. The five most frequently explored research domains include Immunology, Rheumatology, Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. These results offer a comprehensive overview of the current state of research in this field and provide meaningful insights for guiding future studies.

In the past 11 years, there has been a surge in studies exploring the regulatory effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) on ferroptosis. However, a significant gap persists in comprehensive scientometric analysis and scientific mapping research, especially in tracking the evolution, primary contributors, and emerging research focal points. This study aims to comprehensively update the advancements in targeting ferroptosis with various TCMs during the previous 11 years. The data, covering the period from 1 January 2012, to 30 November 2023, were retrieved from the Web of Science database. For in-depth scientometric and visualized analyses, a series of advanced analytical instruments were employed. The findings highlight China’s predominant role, accounting for 71.99% of total publications and significantly shaping research in this domain. Noteworthy productivity was observed at various institutions, including Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Zhejiang University. Thomas Efferth emerged as the foremost author within this field, while Frontiers in Pharmacology boasted the highest publication count. This study pinpointed hepatocellular carcinoma, chemical and drug-induced liver injury, mitochondrial diseases, acute kidney injury, and liver failure as the most critical disorders addressed in this research realm. The research offers a comprehensive bibliometric evaluation, enhancing our understanding of the present status of TCM therapy in managing ferroptosis-related diseases. Consequently, it aids both seasoned researchers and newcomers by accelerating access to vital information and fostering innovative concept extraction within this specialized field.

Background A former cohort study has raised concern regarding the unanticipated hazard of omeprazole in expediting osteoarthritis (OA) advancement. The precise nature of their causal evidence, however, remains undetermined. The present research endeavors to investigate the underlying causal link between omeprazole and OA through the application of mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods The study incorporated the ukb-a-106 and ukb-b-14,486 datasets. The investigation of causal effects employed methodologies such as MR-Egger, Weighted median, Inverse variance weighted (IVW) with multiplicative random effects, and IVW (fixed effects). The IVW approach was predominantly considered for result interpretation. Sensitivity analysis was conducted, encompassing assessments for heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, and the Leave-one-out techniques. Results The outcomes of the MR analysis indicated a causal relationship between omeprazole and OA, with omeprazole identified as a contributing risk factor for OA development (IVW model: OR  = 1.2473, P  < 0.01 in ukb-a-106; OR  = 1.1288, P  < 0.05 in ukb-b-14,486). The sensitivity analysis underscored the robustness and dependability of the above-mentioned analytical findings. Conclusion This study, employing MR, reveals that omeprazole, as an exposure factor, elevates the risk of OA. Considering the drug’s efficacy and associated adverse events, clinical practitioners should exercise caution regarding prolonged omeprazole use, particularly in populations with heightened OA risks. Further robust and high-quality research is warranted to validate our findings and guide clinical practice. Graphical Abstract

During the past decade, mounting evidence has increasingly linked programmed cell death (PCD) to the progression and development of osteoarthritis (OA). There is a significant need for a thorough scientometric analysis that recapitulates the relationship between PCD and OA. This study aimed to collect articles and reviews focusing on PCD in OA, extracting data from January 1st, 2013, to October 31st, 2023, using the Web of Science. Various tools, including VOSviewer, CiteSpace, Pajek, Scimago Graphica, and the R package, were employed for scientometric and visualization analyses. Notably, China, the USA, and South Korea emerged as major contributors, collectively responsible for more than 85% of published papers and significantly influencing research in this field. Among different institutions, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, and Zhejiang University exhibited the highest productivity. Prolific authors included Wang Wei, Wang Jing, and Zhang Li. had the most publications in this area. Keywords related to PCD in OA prominently highlighted 'chondrocytes', 'inflammation', and 'oxidative stress', recognized as pivotal mechanisms contributing to PCD within OA. This study presents the first comprehensive scientometric analysis, offering a broad perspective on the knowledge framework and evolving patterns concerning PCD in relation to OA over the last decade. Such insights can aid researchers in comprehensively understanding this field and provide valuable directions for future explorations.