Explore the vast range of titles available.

Treatment optimization in people with HIV (PWH) has increasingly focused on reducing drug burden and improving regimen simplicity. However, comparative real-world evidence on dual therapy (DT) vs. triple therapy (TT), and single-tablet regimens (STR) vs. multi-tablet regimens (MTR), remains limited. The MOSAICO study is a multicenter, retrospective observational analysis conducted across 20 centers, including people with HIV on a stable virological suppression who switched antiretroviral therapy between 2017 and 2019. People were followed-up up to 48 months post-switch. Comparative analyses assessed virological suppression (HIV-RNA <50 copies/mL), CD4 T cell count, CD4/CD8 ratio, and treatment discontinuation. Propensity score weighting was applied to adjust for baseline differences. Four hundred ninety-one PWH were included. Both DT and triple therapy groups maintained high levels of virological suppression over 48 months (12 months: 97.1% vs. 91.6%; 24 months: 100% vs. 95.6%; 36 months: 100% vs. 96.9%; 48 months: 100% vs. 100%). From 24 months onward, all persons living with HIV remaining on their respective regimens achieved full virological suppression. Immunological recovery (CD4 count and CD4/CD8 ratio) was comparable across groups, although TT and MTR groups showed greater increases from lower baselines. STRs demonstrated significantly greater treatment durability than MTRs (aHR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.32-0.97; p = 0.039), while no significant difference in persistence was found between DT and TT. INSTI-based regimens were predominant in DT and MTR arms (DT vs. TT: 84% vs. 46.52%, p < 0.01; MTR vs. STR: 59.38% vs. 47.14%, p < 0.01). The real-world effectiveness of both dual and triple therapies when tailored to appropriate person profiles. STRs offer enhanced long-term persistence compared to MTRs, supporting treatment simplification strategies. These results reinforce the importance of individualized treatment approaches balancing clinical effectiveness with person-centered considerations such as pill burden and tolerability. Limitations include the retrospective design and the lack of quality-of-life data, which may affect interpretation of patient-centered outcomes. Future efforts should expand access to dual-agent STR to further improve Antiretroviral Therapy outcomes.

Background. Niaprazine is a phenylpiperazine derivative utilized for treatment of sleep disorders in adults and children of age six months and older. Succeeding recent shortages of niaprazine (declared by the regulatory agency – AIFA – in 2022), a galenic preparation of the drug has been set up in Italy, mostly amongst pediatric patients. The syrup formulation provides better compliance compared with capsules and therefore greater efficacy for this patient setting. Objective of this study is to evaluate the stability of niaprazine prepared as a galenic syrup in our laboratory in relation to its directed end-of-use date. Material and methods. Three different batches (one bottle for each batch) of the formula were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at 5 different time points. Results. A limited reduction in niaprazine concentration over time was detected (in acceptable range of +/- 10% of the initial concentration as required). Conclusions. Further investigations are needed to identify potential causes of degradation of the active ingredient, in order to obtain a galenic formula with increased stability.