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"Caracciolo, Marco"
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The Experientiality of Narrative
Recent developments in cognitive narrative theory have called attention to readers' active participation in making sense of narrative.However, while most psychologically inspired models address interpreters' subpersonal (i.e., unconscious) responses, the experiential level of their engagement with narrative remains relatively undertheorized.
eBook
Advances in Percutaneous Patent Foramen Ovale Closure: From the Procedure to the Echocardiographic Guidance
Percutaneous patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure by traditional, double disc occluder devices was shown to be safe for patients with PFO, and more effective than prolonged medical therapy in preventing recurrent thromboembolic events. The novel suture-mediated “deviceless” PFO closure system overcomes most of the risks and limitations associated with the traditional PFO occluders, appearing to be feasible in most interatrial septum anatomies, even if data about its long-term effectiveness and safety are still lacking. The aim of the present review was to provide to the reader the state of the art about the traditional and newer techniques of PFO closure, focusing both on the procedural aspects and on the pivotal role of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in patient’s selection, peri-procedural guidance, and post-interventional follow-up.
Journal Article
Patterns of cognitive dissonance in readers’ engagement with characters
Leon Festinger’s account of cognitive dissonance, published in 1957, has become one of the most successful theories in the history of social psychology. I argue that Festinger’s framework—and the research it generated over the last sixty years—can shed light on key aspects of readers’ engagement with literary characters. Literature can invite the audience to vicariously experience characters’ dissonance through an empathetic mechanism, but it can also induce dissonant states in readers by encouraging them to take on attitudes and beliefs that are significantly different from their own. I suggest that there are two strategies—or patterns of reader-response—through which the audience can cope with the dissonance between their own worldview and the characters’: attitude change and imaginative resistance. In the first, readers adjust their own beliefs and values according to what they have experienced and learned in adopting characters’ perspectives. By contrast, in imaginative resistance readers’ worldview prevents them from establishing an empathetic bond with characters. I integrate these hypotheses into a model that builds on theoretical as well as empirical insights into reader-response.
Journal Article
Strange Narrators in Contemporary Fiction
A storyteller's craft can often be judged by how convincingly the narrative captures the identity and personality of its characters. In this book, the characters who take center stage are \"strange\" first-person narrators: they are fascinating because of how they are at odds with what the reader would wish or expect to hear-while remaining reassuringly familiar in voice, interactions, and conversations. Combining literary analysis with research in cognitive and social psychology, Marco Caracciolo focuses on readers' encounters with the \"strange\" narrators of ten contemporary novels, including Bret Easton Ellis'sAmerican Psycho, Haruki Murakami'sHard-Boiled Wonderland and the End of the World, and Mark Haddon'sThe Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time. Caracciolo explores readers' responses to narrators who suffer from neurocognitive or developmental disorders, who are mentally disturbed due to multiple personality disorder or psychopathy, whose consciousness is split between two parallel dimensions or is disembodied, who are animals, or who lose their sanity.A foray into current work on reception, reader-response, cognitive literary study, and narratology,Strange Narrators in Contemporary Fictionillustrates why any encounter with a fictional text is a complex negotiation of interlaced feelings, thoughts, experiences, and interpretations.
eBook
Non Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants in Atrial Fibrillation Patients Scheduled for Electrical Cardioversion: A Real-Life Propensity Score Matched Study
The aim of the present study was to assess the safety and effectiveness of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) versus vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients undergoing electrical cardioversion (EC).
A propensity score-matched analysis was performed in order to identify two homogeneous groups including AF patients on NOACs and VKAs treatment scheduled for EC. The primary safety endpoint was major bleeding. The composite of stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA) and systemic embolism (SE) was the primary effectiveness endpoint. The discontinuation rate of anticoagulant therapy was assessed.
A total of 495 AF patients on NOACs therapy and scheduled for EC were compared to 495 VKAs recipients. No statistically significant differences in the incidence of both major bleeding (1.01% versus 1.4%;
= 0.5) and thromboembolic events (0.6% versus 0.8%;
= 0.7) were observed during a mean follow-up of 15 ± 3 months. The discontinuation rate of NOACs was significantly lower compared to VKAs (1.6% versus 3.6%,
=0.04).
We showed a safe and effective clinical profile of NOACs among AF patients scheduled for electrical cardioversion in real-life setting. Patients on NOACs therapy showed a lower discontinuation rate compared to those on VKAs.
Journal Article
Metaphorical Figures for Moral Complexity
If literary narrative as a practice is well suited to capture morally complex situations, that is in large part due to the work of literary (that is, narrative and stylistic) form . This article examines the specific contribution that metaphorical language makes to the literary negotiation of moral complexity. The discussion is positioned vis-à-vis debates on the specific forms of moral knowledge that literature can provide, which I distinguish from both propositional meanings and the dilemmas entertained by analytic philosophers (for instance, the trolley problem). Instead, I draw on metaphor theory to suggest that metaphorical language can enrich the moral resonance of literature by deepening (and complicating) readers' engagement with fictional characters and the situations in which they are embedded. These metaphorical figures probe the experience captured by Cora Diamond under the rubric of the \"difficulty of reality.\" This idea is illustrated through a close reading of Lauren Groff's short story \"Flower Hunters,\" which skillfully orchestrates metaphorical language so as to encapsulate the protagonist's existential and moral impasse in times of ecological crisis.
Journal Article
The Global and the Multilinear: Novelistic Forms for Planetary Processes
Numerous scholars have argued that narrative multilinearity defines the contemporary novel's engagement with planetary processes ranging from globalization to ecological and migrant crises. This article seeks to develop and clarify the notion of multilinearity, adopting a narratological framework that distinguishes between three dimensions of multilinear novels—what I call their linkage, distribution, and focus. I discuss examples for each of these dimensions, examining their interaction and also investigating, from a broadly New Formalist perspective, how they speak to larger tensions, inherent in globalization, between cosmopolitan aspirations and a history of inequalities. In the final section, I turn to Hanya Yanagihara's novel To Paradise as a powerful illustration of how multilinear form is able to probe the complexity and moral murkiness of global processes, particularly when novelistic narrative resists the temptation of a closed form and instead embraces the instability of the multilinear.
Journal Article
Tell-Tale Rhythms: Embodiment and Narrative Discourse
According to Anezka Kuzmicová (2012), a mechanism of embodied simulation is at the root of readers' feeling of presence or immersion: unconsciously enacting characters' goal-directed movements can create a sense of \"being there,\" physically present in the storyworld beside the characters. According to Glucksberg, this kind of metaphor is processed through categorization by extending a preexisting mental category: we comprehend the meaning of the expression \"linear plot\" by extending the category \"linear things\" to include things that are simple without being, literally, line-like. [...]interoceptive feelings may become bound up with our experience of reading Poes story, accompanying the rhythmic patterning of the narrators tale. [...]this has been my main contention here-I argued that bodily feelings can participate in our engagement with narrative by becoming attuned to what we may characterize as the \"rhythm\" of dis- course.
Journal Article