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"Carayannis, Elias G"
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Smart Environments and Techno-centric and Human-Centric Innovations for Industry and Society 5.0: A Quintuple Helix Innovation System View Towards Smart, Sustainable, and Inclusive Solutions
The paper investigates the aviation sector, as a case in point for a
Smart
environment and as an example for Industry 5.0 and Society 5.0 purposes. In the smart complex environments, a systemic vision of the elements, which act and are acted within a given territory, should be the basis of a hypothesis of joint growth. Indeed, the synergies activated by the system can be seen as the product of the application of a particular knowledge-based open innovation strategy, as an orientation capable of transforming theoretical assumptions into concrete operational innovation paths. Through the evidence emerged from an important case study and the application of an MCDA methodology, we have tried to identify which are the optimal solutions for the implementation of the new human-centric logics of I5.0, analyzing them on the basis of the actual benefits for the ecosystem, going beyond the self-referential aptitude of the firm to instill technological changes and managerial visions. Knowledge circulation, dialogue between sub-systems, and the ability to adapt technology and entrepreneurial strategies to the environment in which it operates (with the users as first stakeholders) seem to be necessary practices in knowledge-based innovation, prioritization, and decision-making processes, for smart, sustainable, and inclusive solutions.
Journal Article
The Futures of Europe: Society 5.0 and Industry 5.0 as Driving Forces of Future Universities
The concept of Society 5.0 and Industry 5.0 is not a simple chronological continuation or alternative to Industry 4.0 paradigm. Society 5.0 aims to place human beings at the midpoint of innovation, exploiting the impact of technology and Industry 4.0 results with the technological integration to improve quality of life, social responsibility and sustainability. This ground-breaking perspective has common points with the objectives of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. It also has major implication for universities transformations. Universities are called upon producing knowledge for new technologies and social innovation. In our paper, we argue that digitalisation opens new perspectives for universities and can become one of the main drivers of their change. Incorporating the assumptions of Society 5.0 and Industry 5.0 into the universities practices and policies will allow both universities and societies to fully benefit from digital transformation. Making the human-oriented innovation as the universities trademark and developing new cooperative models will also help to achieve sustainable priorities. The use of the Quintuple Helix Model (QHM) might foster the process of necessary transformations capacities as it integrates different perspectives and sets the stage for sustainability priorities and considerations. As far as the practical goal is concerned, the paper proposes a set of recommendations for universities aiming at developing new forms and channels of distribution of education, research and innovation within in the context of QHM and Society 5.0. We call them socially and digitally engaged model.
Journal Article
European University Initiative in the Context of Digital Transformation: A Discussion Paper
The digital transformation (DT) has undoubtedly become one of the main challenges of modern organisations, including universities. The discussion is oriented towards the new learning tools, contexts, needs and skills needed on the institutional level, academic teachers and in connection to the demands of the labour market. This paper does not refer to potential ethical and safety risks but rather tries to understand how universities should approach those challenges from the perspective of their key missions, including education as a top priority. To do that, we use the example of the concept of the European University Initiative (EUI) case, as it has become one of the flagship programmes of the European Commission supporting the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) and European Research Area (ERA). With the purpose to build inter-university campuses, joint degree programmes, support seamless mobility, strengthen socially relevant research, promote sustainability etc., they also have become the lighthouses of the green and digital transformations. In this paper we aim to start a discussion about what digital transformation means in the context of teaching and try to define the most urgent questions that will help to define the future university model responding to the dynamically changing learning context.
Journal Article
Innovation and entrepreneurship in organizational university “Third Space” arrangements: Third Space and third mission in mode 3 universities
This article explores how Third Space Professionals in Mode 3 universities help bridge academic research and real-world application, fostering innovation, entrepreneurship, and social progress. They play a key role in mentoring early-career researchers, particularly by involving them in research projects from the proposal stage, as seen in the case of the Control of Networked Systems Group (CNS) at the University of Klagenfurt (Austria). The analysis is based on three key concepts. “Mode 3 Universities”: These institutions integrate traditional (Mode 1) and applied, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary (Mode 2) research to promote innovation. They act as innovation hubs, encouraging cross-disciplinary collaboration and societal impact across all academic fields. They also require advanced governance models that move beyond conventional public management approaches. “Third Mission”: This refers to the societal engagement of universities beyond teaching and research, including entrepreneurship, civic education, community involvement, and transdisciplinarity. “Third Space”: A flexible organizational model that supports the Third Mission by combining traditional and innovative roles. It promotes interdisciplinary work and new forms of collaboration, including team-based or hybrid professional roles that span teaching, research, and societal impact. Together, these concepts emphasize the need for pluralistic, adaptive governance that supports sustainable knowledge production and real-world impact. The CNS Group (at the University of Klagenfurt) serves as a case study of how these ideas can be practically implemented within a university setting.
Journal Article
Open Innovation Diplomacy and a 21st Century Fractal Research, Education and Innovation (FREIE) Ecosystem: Building on the Quadruple and Quintuple Helix Innovation Concepts and the “Mode 3” Knowledge Production System
The traditional Triple Helix innovation model focuses on university–industry–government relations. The Quadruple Helix innovation systems bring in the perspectives of the media-based and culture-based public as well as that of civil society. The Quintuple Helix emphasizes the natural environments of society, also for the knowledge production and innovation. Therefore, the quadruple helix contextualizes the triple helix, and the quintuple helix the quadruple helix. Features of the quadruple helix are: culture (cultures) and innovation culture (innovation cultures); the knowledge of culture and the culture of knowledge; values and lifestyles; multiculturalism, multiculture, and creativity; media; arts and arts universities; and multi-level innovation systems (local, national, global), with universities of the sciences, but also universities of the arts. The
democracy of knowledge
, as a concept and metaphor, highlights and underscores parallel processes between political pluralism in advanced democracy, and knowledge and innovation heterogeneity and diversity in advanced economy and society. The “mode 3” knowledge production system (MODE3KPS; expanding and extending the “mode 1” and “mode 2” knowledge production systems) is at the heart of the fractal research, education and innovation ecosystem. MODE3KPS universities or higher education systems are interested in integrating and combining mode 1 and mode 2. The concept of open innovation diplomacy (OID) encompasses the concept and practice of bridging distance and other divides (cultural, socioeconomic, technological, etc.) with focused and properly targeted initiatives to connect ideas and solutions with markets and investors ready to appreciate them and nurture them to their full potential. In this sense, OID qualifies as a new and novel strategy, policy-making, and governance approach in the context of the quadruple and quintuple innovation helices.
Journal Article
