Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
20
result(s) for
"Carleton, Tamara"
Sort by:
Changing Culture Through Visionary Thinking: Applying the DARPA Hard Test for Innovation
Changing an accepted organizational culture can feel like rolling rocks uphill. It can seem impossible to escape the inertia built up over decades of accrued behavior and entrenched beliefs. Yet an evolving, dynamic culture is critical to success in today's world. People can find a model of successful cultural change practices in an unlikely place -- a US government agency. The author's research into DARPA -- the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency -- explores how the agency has steadily pursued radical innovation since its founding 57 years ago. DARPA uses its program visions as a way to drive quick change without upsetting the organization's broader internal balance. At DARPA, every employee contributes to the agency's cultural ethos and helps define its vision. That vision can be captured in the phrase \"DARPA Hard,\" which she heard repeatedly during her research into the agency's culture.
Journal Article
The pioneering role of Stanford DesignX and legacy of Larry Leifer on the field of engineering design
This retrospective paper explores the profound impact of DesignX at the Stanford Center for Design Research (CDR) on engineering design research and education. Through a historical lens, the authors examine the evolution of the DesignX laboratory and its role in fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, innovative research, and team-based research by highlighting key milestones and influential projects over time. The authors also discuss the pioneering role of Stanford Professor Larry Leifer, whose leadership of CDR for much of its history shaped the practices and methodologies of engineering design from the 1980s up through the 2020s. This paper underscores the significance of Leifer’s contributions to the academic community and the enduring legacy of DesignX in advancing the field of engineering design research and education.
Journal Article
Changing the Culture of R&D
Whether it's open innovation, portfolio management, or customer-centered innovation, implementing any new innovation framework often means changing an organization's culture. This special issue focuses on the underlying issues that frequently lead good initiatives to stumble on how to change culture to support change. The topic has its roots in an earlier special issue from Research-Technology Management (RTM) that addressed innovation portfolio management. A point raised then was that changing to a different kind of portfolio management required a more profound and broader effort of change to support it. RTM readers and members expressed interest in a more sweeping exploration, which ultimately led to this special issue on driving cultural transformation. For change to stick, leaders must commit to instilling a new skillset in their workforce, which in turn changes the group mindset. They see service design as another area ripe for R&D culture change.
Journal Article
Inducement and blocking mechanisms in the Finnish life sciences innovation system
Purpose
– This paper aims to identify inducement and blocking mechanisms which impact the development of the life sciences innovation system in Finland. Innovation system analysis of emerging technologies is important for the design of technology-specific innovation policy measures to promote desirable futures
Design/methodology/approach
– This exploratory study uses a functional technological innovation system analysis framework designed to identify policy goals for emerging technological fields. The data consist of 33 qualitative face-to-face interviews with senior managers and decision-makers. Best practices are identified from the San Francisco Bay Area and the Finnish life sciences innovation system is analyzed in detail.
Findings
– The Finnish system has a good capability to perform top-level basic research, but the commercial aspect is largely missing because of the lack of business know-how, small size of the domestic market, networking failures, scarcity of funding and poor public image.
Research limitations/implications
– The two regions have different scopes which prevents direct comparisons between them.
Originality/value
– This study applies the technological innovation system model to the life sciences industry. It provides new information on the characteristics of the industry and factors affecting its dynamics. The results can be applied for policy design by policy makers.
Journal Article
Sleep quality and mental disorder symptoms among correctional workers in Ontario, Canada
Correctional workers (CWs) report high levels of work stressors, frequent exposures to potentially psychologically traumatic events (PPTEs), and substantial mental health challenges. There is evidence of associations between sleep disturbances and diverse mental health challenges, including preliminary evidence from public safety personnel; however, replications and extensions would better inform interventions to support mental health. The current study was designed to examine associations between quality of sleep, work stress, and mental health disorders in a sample of diverse CWs employed in a provincial correctional service in Ontario, Canada. Data were analyzed from 943 CWs who participated in the cross-sectional, web-based Ontario Provincial Correctional Worker Mental Health and Well-Being Study conducted from December 2017 to June 2018. Sleep quality indicators included symptoms of insomnia, total hours of sleep per night on work nights and off-shift nights, number of days feeling rested per week, and overall sleep quality. Descriptive statistics, analyses of variance, correlational analyses, and logistic regression were used to examine relationships among sleep quality, stress of shift work, and mental health disorder symptoms. CWs slept an average of 6.0 h per night when working and 7.2 h during off-shift nights. CWs reported waking up feeling rested an average of 2.6 days per week and rated their overall quality of sleep in the fair to poor range. Many CWs (64.9%) screened positive for clinically significant symptoms of insomnia. There were also differences across occupational groups such that CWs working as correctional officers reported the most sleep problems. There were statistically significant relationships between insomnia and mental health disorder symptoms. Higher levels of stress from shift work were associated with worse sleep quality. CWs, especially those working as correctional officers in a provincial prison, reported many indicators consistent with poorer quality of sleep. Poor quality of sleep was also associated with work stress and mental health disorders.
Journal Article
Provincial Correctional Service Workers: The Prevalence of Mental Disorders
Correctional service employees in Ontario, Canada (n = 1487) began an online survey available from 2017 to 2018 designed to assess the prevalence and correlates of mental health challenges. Participants who provided data for the current study (n = 1032) included provincial staff working in institutional wellness (e.g., nurses) (n = 71), training (e.g., program officers) (n = 26), governance (e.g., superintendents) (n = 82), correctional officers (n = 553), administration (e.g., record keeping) (n = 25), and probation officers (n = 144, parole officers). Correctional officers, workers in institutional administration and governance positions, and probation officers reported elevated risk for mental disorders, most notably posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder. Among institutional correctional staff, 61.0% of governance employees, 59.0% of correctional officers, 43.7% of wellness staff, 50.0% of training staff, and 52.0% of administrative staff screened positive for one or more mental disorders. In addition, 63.2% of probation officers screened positive for one or more mental disorders. Women working as correctional officers were more likely to screen positive than men (p < 0.05). Across all correctional occupational categories positive screens for each disorder were: 30.7% for PTSD, 37.0% for major depressive disorder, 30.5% for generalized anxiety disorder, and 58.2% for one or more mental disorders. Participants between ages 40 and 49 years, working in institutional governance, as an institutional correctional officer, or as a probational officer, separated or divorced, were all factors associated (p < 0.05) with screening positive for one or more mental disorders. The prevalence of mental health challenges for provincial correctional workers appears to be higher than federal correctional workers in Canada and further supports the need for evidence-based mental health solutions.
Journal Article
Assessing Relative Stressors and Mental Disorders among Canadian Provincial Correctional Workers
In the current study, we quantified the mean stress levels of 43 occupational stressors for 868 Correctional Workers (CWs) and analyzed the relationships between occupational stressors, exposure to potentially psychologically traumatic events (PPTEs), and mental health disorders. Our findings emphasize the importance of the occupational environment in relation to CW mental health and indicate that occupational stressors (e.g., staff shortages, inconsistent leadership style, bureaucratic red tape) are more salient contributors to CW mental health than exposure to PPTEs. Finding strategies to ameliorate staff shortages, improve leadership style and communication, and support CWs to maintain physical, mental, and social well-being would be interventions tied to significant organizational and operational stressors within the current study.
Journal Article