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108 result(s) for "Carlson, Grace"
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Groundwater Volume Loss in Mexico City Constrained by InSAR and GRACE Observations and Mechanical Models
Groundwater withdrawal can cause localized and rapid poroelastic subsidence, spatially broad elastic uplift of low amplitude, and changes in the gravity field. Constraining groundwater loss in Mexico City, we analyze data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment and its follow‐on mission (GRACE/FO) and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Sentinel‐1A/B images between 2014 and 2021. GRACE/FO observations yield a groundwater loss of 0.85–3.87 km3/yr for a region of ∼300 × 600 km surrounding Mexico City. Using the high‐resolution interferometric SAR data set, we measure >35 cm/yr subsidence within the city and up to 2 cm/yr of uplift in nearby areas. Attributing the long‐term subsidence to poroelastic aquifer compaction and the long‐term uplift to elastic unloading, we apply respective models informed by local geology, yielding groundwater loss of 0.86–12.57 km3/yr. Our results suggest Mexico City aquifers have been depleting at faster rates since 2015, exacerbating the socioeconomic and health impacts of long‐term groundwater overdrafts. Plain Language Summary Groundwater overdraft in Mexico City results from excessive freshwater demand and unsustainable water resource management in a subtropical environment with warm summers and dry winters. Groundwater depletion can result in ground surface deformation and changes in the gravity field, observable by Sentinel‐1 and GRACE satellites. Here, we examine data from both satellite missions between November 2014 and October 2021 to determine groundwater volume loss. Using GRACE, which has a footprint of ∼350 km, we quantify groundwater volume loss to a rate of 0.85–3.87 km3 per year in the broader area surrounding Mexico City. Analysis of high‐resolution Sentinel‐1 synthetic aperture radar images shows land sinks at a rate of 35 cm/yr within the city and surrounding areas uplifts at a rate of ∼2 cm/yr. While the subsidence is a consequence of aquifer compaction, the uplift represents an elastic unloading response of the Earth's crust to water mass loss. Using geophysical models informed by local geology, we show that the region loses groundwater at rates of 0.86–12.57 km3/yr. Our results emphasize the need for groundwater monitoring in Mexico City to assist with managing freshwater resources. Key Points A subsidence rate of >35 cm/yr within Mexico City, surrounded by ∼2 cm/yr of uplift, is observed using space‐borne synthetic aperture radar Groundwater loss of 0.86–12.57 km3/yr in Mexico City causes poroelastic subsidence, a broad‐scale elastic uplift, and gravity field change Mexico City aquifers have been depleting at least since 2015, exacerbating groundwater overdrafts' socioeconomic and health impacts
The Information Age Publishing NASUP Student Research Award Winners 2024
PurposeThis article highlights recent winners of the Information Age Publishing NASUP Student Research Award.Design/methodology/approachThe article is written in an informative, narrative style.FindingsWinners from 2024, Bailey Scoggin and Olivia Carlson, share information about their action research titled Kicking It Off Right with PDS Partnerships – Creating a Preservice Teacher Trauma-Informed Bootcamp.Originality/valueThis article draws additional attention to this exemplary partnership work and may inspire future nominations.
Groundwater Volume Loss in Mexico City Constrained by InSAR and GRACE Observations and Mechanical Models
Abstract Groundwater withdrawal can cause localized and rapid poroelastic subsidence, spatially broad elastic uplift of low amplitude, and changes in the gravity field. Constraining groundwater loss in Mexico City, we analyze data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment and its follow‐on mission (GRACE/FO) and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Sentinel‐1A/B images between 2014 and 2021. GRACE/FO observations yield a groundwater loss of 0.85–3.87 km3/yr for a region of ∼300 × 600 km surrounding Mexico City. Using the high‐resolution interferometric SAR data set, we measure >35 cm/yr subsidence within the city and up to 2 cm/yr of uplift in nearby areas. Attributing the long‐term subsidence to poroelastic aquifer compaction and the long‐term uplift to elastic unloading, we apply respective models informed by local geology, yielding groundwater loss of 0.86–12.57 km3/yr. Our results suggest Mexico City aquifers have been depleting at faster rates since 2015, exacerbating the socioeconomic and health impacts of long‐term groundwater overdrafts.
Not all alloantibodies are created equal: IgG glycosylation and severity of antibody-mediated rejection in kidney transplantation
Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is a leading cause of kidney transplant (KT) failure, driven by donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies (DSA). However, not all patients with DSA experience accelerated graft loss, suggesting that factors beyond antibody presence influence AMR severity. Post-translational modifications, particularly glycosylation of Immunoglobulin-G (IgG), play a critical role in modulating antibody function. This study investigates the association between IgG glycosylation profiles and the risk and severity of AMR in KT recipients. We prospectively analyzed 65 KT patients, including 26 with acute AMR (aAMR), 27 with chronic-active AMR (caAMR), and 12 controls without rejection. IgG glycosylation was quantified using lectin-based ELISA, focusing on mannose, fucose, sialic acid, and bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) levels. Results showed that bisecting GlcNAc levels of total IgG were significantly higher in caAMR patients than controls (p=0.019) and aAMR patients (p=0.045). Multivariable analysis revealed that higher bisecting GlcNAc levels of IgG were independently associated with glomerulitis [g-score, OR: 2.7 (95%CI: 1.2-6.7), p=0.019] and chronic glomerulopathy [cg-score, OR: 2.8 (95%CI: 1.3-7.5), p=0.021], independent of DSA presence. These findings indicate an association between IgG glycosylation, particularly bisecting GlcNAc, and AMR severity. IgG glycosylation profiles could serve as biomarkers for AMR risk and severity, offering new insights into the mechanisms of AMR and potential therapeutic targets.
The Effects of Parental Stress and Child’s ADHD Severity on Treatment Choice
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a widely prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder affecting children and adolescents. There are many approaches to treating ADHD; however, medication is the most common and clinically effective treatment method for ADHD. While medication is clinically effective and supported, parents are often hesitant to initiate this treatment. Research focusing on the parents of children with ADHD has identified factors that impact their treatment choice as well as patterns of parental psychopathology and stress. Although research has focused on the mediating relationship between parental stress and ADHD severity, these factors’ impact on treatment choice, specifically medication, have not been examined. Results show that parental stress and their child’s ADHD severity did not help to predict medication use. Findings from previous research were supported by the results of additional data analysis. Correlations between parental stress and ADHD severity were observed as well as relationships between age and ADHD type and severity. Implications conclude that a parent’s choice to initiate medication might be independent of factors such as parental stress and ADHD symptom severity.