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Mr. Carpentier is the son of George and Terry Carpentier of Lewiston. He is a 1997 graduate of Wiscasset High School and a 2001 graduate of New England College with a bachelor's degree in sports management.

Background- Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, fatal, and progressive pulmonary vascular disease. Pulmonary endothelial cell dysfunction is a hallmark of PAH, defined by excessive proliferation and dysregulated angiogenesis, along with imbalanced production and release of vasoactive substances, growth factors, and mediators of coagulation and inflammation. Intracellular calcium (Ca 2+ ) variations are essential in these processes. Among the various channels involved in Ca 2+ homeostasis, transient receptor potential canonical channels (TRPC1 to 7) are known to be essential for endothelial cells of various origins, but their role in PAH remains unknown. Results- We found that four TRPC channels (TRPC1, TRPC3, TRPC4, and TRPC6) were expressed in human pulmonary endothelial cells (hPECs) from control and PAH patients. By knocking down each of these channels in hPECs isolated from PAH patients (PAH-hPECs), we found that TRPC1 and TRPC4 are involved in store-operated Ca 2+ entry (SOCE). We showed that TRPC1 and TRPC3 are essential for PAH-hPECs proliferation and that TRPC3, TRPC4, and TRPC6 are important for mitogenic crosstalk in the PAH-hPECs medium. Moreover, we showed that none of the TRPC channels is involved in the migration or in vitro tubulogenesis of PAH-hPECs. Finally, we found that TRPC1 knockdown induces changes in the mRNA expression of several genes described to be crucial for endothelial cell homeostasis. Conclusions- These data demonstrate that TRPC channels, especially TRPC1, are essential for maintaining the hPECs function in PAH, indicating that TRPC channels are central and represent interesting candidates for reducing endothelial dysfunction in PAH.

Aim: To determine the ecoregions (spatial marine areas with similar environmental and physical conditions associated with relatively homogeneous fish assemblages) for shallow reef fish assemblages based on predictive models of beta diversity (β-diversity) that account for both large-scale environmental factors and local habitat characteristics. We assessed the influence of a spatial scale to rank the importance of these factors. Location: New Caledonian (south-west Pacific Ocean, 17–24° S, 158–172° W) Exclusive Economic Zone, Coral Sea Marine Park. Taxon: Fish. Methods: Fish and habitat data that were collected at 13 sites around New Caledonia using unbaited rotating underwater video (285 sampling stations) were analysed. Gradient forest modelling was used to predict the fish β-diversity along the gradients of environmental factors. Ecoregions were obtained by applying clustering methods to gradient forest predictions. Results: The gradient forest models of β-diversity retained 59 species (total: 206 fish species) with R2 > 0, including 19 fish species with R2 from 0.03% to 69%. For these 19 species, the models explained up to 26% of the variance. At a large scale, β-diversity was significantly explained by nutrient concentrations, sea surface salinity and temperature. Among the eight ecoregions that were delineated based on the β-diversity predictions, three regions corresponded to remote sites under oceanic influence where human pressures are low and the surface nutrient concentrations are high. On the local scale, the benthic habitat explained β-diversity better than the physical and chemical parameters, particularly in the areas subject to anthropogenic pressures. Main conclusions: On the local scale, the respective importance of environmental factors (physical and chemical parameters versus benthic habitat) differed according to ecosystem health. Our findings suggest that nutrient enrichment due to avifauna may have a positive effect on fish β-diversity when an ecosystem is healthy. The ecoregions reflect fish species composition in relation to a large set of environmental parameters.

Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBV) related to benthic habitats and high trophic levels such as fish communities must be measured at fine scale but monitored and assessed at spatial scales that are relevant for policy and management actions. Local scales are important for assessing anthropogenic impacts, and conservation-related and fisheries management actions, while reporting on the conservation status of biodiversity to formulate national and international policies requires much broader scales. Measurements must account for the fact that coastal habitats and fish communities are heterogeneously distributed locally and at larger scales. Assessments based on in situ monitoring generally suffer from poor spatial replication and limited geographical coverage, which is challenging for area-wide assessments. Requirements for appropriate monitoring comprise cost-efficient and standardized observation protocols and data formats, spatially scalable and versatile data workflows, data that comply with the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) principles, while minimizing the environmental impact of measurements. This paper describes a standardized workflow based on remote underwater video that aims to assess fishes (at species and community levels) and habitat-related EBVs in coastal areas. This panoramic unbaited video technique was developed in 2007 to survey both fishes and benthic habitats in a cost-efficient manner, and with minimal effect on biodiversity. It can be deployed in areas where low underwater visibility is not a permanent or major limitation. The technique was consolidated and standardized and has been successfully used in varied settings over the last 12 years. We operationalized the EBV workflow by documenting the field protocol, survey design, image post-processing, EBV production and data curation. Applications of the workflow are illustrated here based on some 4,500 observations (fishes and benthic habitats) in the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans, and Mediterranean Sea. The STAVIRO’s proven track-record of utility and cost-effectiveness indicates that it should be considered by other researchers for future applications.

Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBV) related to benthic habitats and high trophic levels such as fish communities must be measured at fine scale but monitored and assessed at spatial scales that are relevant for policy and management actions. Local scales are important for assessing anthropogenic impacts, and conservation-related and fisheries management actions, while reporting on the conservation status of biodiversity to formulate national and international policies requires much broader scales. Measurements must account for the fact that coastal habitats and fish communities are heterogeneously distributed locally and at larger scales. Assessments based on in situ monitoring generally suffer from poor spatial replication and limited geographical coverage, which is challenging for area-wide assessments. Requirements for appropriate monitoring comprise cost-efficient and standardized observation protocols and data formats, spatially scalable and versatile data workflows, data that comply with the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) principles, while minimizing the environmental impact of measurements. This paper describes a standardized workflow based on remote underwater video that aims to assess fishes (at species and community levels) and habitat-related EBVs in coastal areas. This panoramic unbaited video technique was developed in 2007 to survey both fishes and benthic habitats in a cost-efficient manner, and with minimal effect on biodiversity. It can be deployed in areas where low underwater visibility is not a permanent or major limitation. The technique was consolidated and standardized and has been successfully used in varied settings over the last 12 years. We operationalized the EBV workflow by documenting the field protocol, survey design, image post-processing, EBV production and data curation. Applications of the workflow are illustrated here based on some 4,500 observations (fishes and benthic habitats) in the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans, and Mediterranean Sea. The STAVIRO’s proven track-record of utility and cost-effectiveness indicates that it should be considered by other researchers for future applications.

Shared micromobility – the shared use of bicycles, scooters, or other low-speed modes – is an innovative transportation strategy growing across the United States that includes various service models such as docked, dockless, and e-bike service models. This research focuses on understanding how docked bikesharing and dockless e-bikesharing models complement and compete with respect to user travel behaviors. To inform our analysis, we used two datasets from February 2018 of Ford GoBike (docked) and JUMP (dockless electric) bikesharing trips in San Francisco. We employed three methodological approaches: 1) travel behavior analysis, 2) discrete choice analysis with a destination choice model, and 3) geospatial suitability analysis based on the Spatial Temporal Economic Physiological Social (STEPS) to Transportation Equity framework. We found that dockless e-bikesharing trips were longer in distance and duration than docked trips. The average JUMP trip was about a third longer in distance and about twice as long in duration than the average GoBike trip. JUMP users were far less sensitive to estimated total elevation gain than were GoBike users, making trips with total elevation gain about three times larger than those of GoBike users, on average. The JUMP system achieved greater usage rates than GoBike, with 0.8 more daily trips per bike and 2.3 more miles traveled on each bike per day, on average. The destination choice model results suggest that JUMP users traveled to lower-density destinations, and GoBike users were largely traveling to dense employment areas. Bike rack density was a significant positive factor for JUMP users. The location of GoBike docking stations may attract users and/or be well-placed to the destination preferences of users. The STEPS-based bikeability analysis revealed opportunities for the expansion of both bikesharing systems in areas of the city where high-job density and bike facility availability converge with older resident populations.